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22 U.S.C. § 9403 — Imposition of additional sanctions in re-

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9403 — Imposition of additional sanctions in re-

Page 2228 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9403 (1) the Committee on Finance, the Com- mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- fairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Financial Services, the Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives. (Pub. L. 115–44, title I, § 103, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 889.) § 9403. Imposition of additional sanctions in re- sponse to Iran’s ballistic missile program (a) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of State should continue to implement Executive Order No. 13382 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to block- ing property of weapons of mass destruction de- livery system proliferators and their sup- porters). (b) Imposition of sanctions The President shall impose the sanctions de- scribed in subsection (c) with respect to any per- son that the President determines, on or after August 2, 2017— (1) knowingly engages in any activity that materially contributes to the activities of the Government of Iran with respect to its bal- listic missile program, or any other program in Iran for developing, deploying, or maintain- ing systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, including any efforts to manufacture, acquire, possess, develop, trans- port, transfer, or use such capabilities; (2) is a successor entity to a person referred to in paragraph (1); (3) owns or controls or is owned or controlled by a person referred to in paragraph (1); (4) forms an entity with the purpose of evad- ing sanctions that would otherwise be imposed pursuant to paragrap

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Page 2228 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9403 (1) the Committee on Finance, the Com- mittee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Af- fairs, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; and (2) the Committee on Ways and Means, the Committee on Financial Services, the Com- mittee on Foreign Affairs, and the Speaker, the majority leader, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives. (Pub. L. 115–44, title I, § 103, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 889.) § 9403. Imposition of additional sanctions in re- sponse to Iran’s ballistic missile program (a) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of State should continue to implement Executive Order No. 13382 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to block- ing property of weapons of mass destruction de- livery system proliferators and their sup- porters). (b) Imposition of sanctions The President shall impose the sanctions de- scribed in subsection (c) with respect to any per- son that the President determines, on or after August 2, 2017— (1) knowingly engages in any activity that materially contributes to the activities of the Government of Iran with respect to its bal- listic missile program, or any other program in Iran for developing, deploying, or maintain- ing systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, including any efforts to manufacture, acquire, possess, develop, trans- port, transfer, or use such capabilities; (2) is a successor entity to a person referred to in paragraph (1); (3) owns or controls or is owned or controlled by a person referred to in paragraph (1); (4) forms an entity with the purpose of evad- ing sanctions that would otherwise be imposed pursuant to paragraph (3); (5) is acting for or on behalf of a person re- ferred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4); or (6) knowingly provides or attempts to pro- vide financial, material, technological, or other support for, or goods or services in sup- port of, a person referred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5). (c) Sanctions described The sanctions described in this subsection are the following: (1) Blocking of property The President shall block, in accordance with the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), all trans- actions in all property and interests in prop- erty of any person subject to subsection (b) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. (2) Exclusion from United States The Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall exclude from the United States, any person subject to subsection (b) that is an alien. (d) Penalties A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of sub- section (c)(1) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out that subsection shall be sub- ject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emer- gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an un- lawful act described in subsection (a) of that section. (e) Report on contributions to Iran’s ballistic missile program (1) In general Not later than 180 days after August 2, 2017, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report describing each person that— (A) has, during the period specified in paragraph (2), conducted any activity that has materially contributed to the activities of the Government of Iran with respect to its ballistic missile program, or any other pro- gram in Iran for developing, deploying, or maintaining systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, including any efforts to manufacture, acquire, possess, de- velop, transport, transfer, or use such capa- bilities; (B) is a successor entity to a person re- ferred to in subparagraph (A); (C) owns or controls or is owned or con- trolled by a person referred to in subpara- graph (A); (D) forms an entity with the purpose of evading sanctions that could be imposed as a result of a relationship described in subpara- graph (C); (E) is acting for or on behalf of a person re- ferred to in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D); or (F) is known or believed to have provided, or attempted to provide, during the period specified in paragraph (2), financial, mate- rial, technological, or other support for, or goods or services in support of, any material contribution to a program described in sub- paragraph (A) carried out by a person de- scribed in subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E). (2) Period specified The period specified in this paragraph is— (A) in the case of the first report sub- mitted under paragraph (1), the period begin- ning January 1, 2016, and ending on the date the report is submitted; and (B) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 180-day period preceding the submission of the report. (3) Form of report Each report required by paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may in- clude a classified annex. (Pub. L. 115–44, title I, § 104, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 890.) Page 2229 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9404 Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Executive Order No. 13382, referred to in subsec. (a), is Ex. Ord. No. 13382, June 28, 2005, 70 F.R. 38567, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. The International Emergency Economic Powers Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 95–223, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626, which is classified generally to chapter 35 (§ 1701 et seq.) of Title 50, War and Na- tional Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 50 and Tables. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF CERTAIN FUNCTIONS AND AUTHORITIES UNDER THE COUNTERING AMERICA’S ADVERSARIES THROUGH SANCTIONS ACT OF 2017 Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 11, 2017, 82 F.R. 50051, provided: Memorandum for the Secretary of State[,] the Sec- retary of the Treasury[, and] the Secretary of Home- land Security By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby order as follows: SECTION 1. (a) I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State the functions and authorities vested in the Presi- dent by section 110 of the Countering America’s Adver- saries Through Sanctions Act of 2017 (Public Law 115–44) (the ‘‘Act’’)[.] (b) I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the functions and authorities vested in the President by the following provisions of the Act: (i) section 104(b) [22 U.S.C. 9403(b)], with respect to a determination under the standard set forth in sec- tion 104(b)(1); (ii) section 107(a) [22 U.S.C. 9406(a)], with respect to a determination under the standards set forth in sec- tion 107(a)(1) and (a)(2); (iii) section 107(d) [22 U.S.C. 9406(d)], with respect to making the certification described therein; (iv) section 108(b)(2) [22 U.S.C. 9407(b)(2)]; (v) section 109 [22 U.S.C. 9408]; and (vi) section 112 [22 U.S.C. 9411]. (c) I hereby delegate to the Secretary of the Treasury the functions and authorities vested in the President by the following provisions of the Act: (i) section 104(c)(1) [22 U.S.C. 9403(c)(1)]; and (ii) section 107(b)(1) [22 U.S.C. 9406(b)(1)]. (d) I hereby delegate to the Secretary of the Treas- ury, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the functions and authorities vested in the President by the following provisions of the Act: (i) section 104(b), with respect to a determination under the standards set forth under section 104(b)(2) through (b)(6); (ii) section 104(e) [22 U.S.C. 9403(e)]; (iii) section 106(b)(1) [22 U.S.C. 9405(b)(1)]; (iv) section 108(a)(1) [22 U.S.C. 9407(a)(1)]; and (v) section 108(b)(1) [22 U.S.C. 9407(b)(1)]. (e) I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury the functions and au- thorities vested in the President by the following sec- tions of the Act: (i) section 105(b) [22 U.S.C. 9404(b)], to be exercised in consultation with each other and commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility set forth in previous Presidential actions under the Inter- national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), including Executive Order 13224 of Sep- tember 23, 2001 (Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons Who Commit, Threaten To Commit, or Support Terrorism); (ii) section 108(a)(2) [22 U.S.C. 9407(a)(2)], to be exer- cised in consultation with each other and commensu- rate with their respective areas of responsibility set forth in Executive Order 13382 of June 28, 2005 (Block- ing Property of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferators and Their Supporters) and Executive Order 13224; and (iii) section 111(b) [22 U.S.C. 9410(b)], to be exercised commensurate with their respective areas of respon- sibility set forth in this memorandum. (f) I hereby delegate to the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the Secretary of Home- land Security the functions and authorities vested in the President by the following sections of the Act: (i) section 104(b), to be exercised commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility or dele- gated authority under section 104(c), with respect to the imposition of sanctions following a determina- tion under section 104(b); and (ii) section 107(a), to be exercised commensurate with their respective areas of responsibility or dele- gated authority under section 107(b), with respect to the imposition of sanctions following a determina- tion under section 107(a). SEC. 2. The delegations in this memorandum shall apply to any provisions of any future public laws that are the same or substantially the same as those provi- sions referenced in this memorandum. SEC. 3. The Secretary of State is authorized and di- rected to publish this memorandum in the Federal Reg- ister. DONALD J. TRUMP. § 9404. Imposition of terrorism-related sanctions with respect to the IRGC (a) Findings Congress makes the following findings: (1) The IRGC is subject to sanctions pursu- ant to Executive Order No. 13382 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property of weapons of mass destruction delivery system proliferators and their supporters), the Com- prehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (22 U.S.C. 8501 et seq.), Executive Order No. 13553 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property of certain persons with respect to serious human rights abuses by the Government of Iran), and Execu- tive Order No. 13606 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relat- ing to blocking the property and suspending entry into the United States of certain persons with respect to grave human rights abuses by the Governments of Iran and Syria via infor- mation technology). (2) The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps–Quds Force (in this section referred to as the ‘‘IRGC–QF’’) is the primary arm of the Government of Iran for executing its policy of supporting terrorist and insurgent groups. The IRGC–QF provides material, logistical assist- ance, training, and financial support to mili- tants and terrorist operatives throughout the Middle East and South Asia and was des- ignated for the imposition of sanctions by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to Execu- tive Order No. 13224 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relat- ing to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism) in October 2007 for its support of terrorism. (3) The IRGC, not just the IRGC–QF, is re- sponsible for implementing Iran’s inter- national program of destabilizing activities, support for acts of international terrorism, and ballistic missile program.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9403 — Imposition of additional sanctions in response to Iran’s ballistic missile program

**(a) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of State should continue to implement Executive Order No. 13382 ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note; relating to blocking property of weapons of mass destruction delivery system proliferators and their supporters). **(b) Imposition of sanctions** The President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (c) with respect to any person that the President determines, on or after August 2, 2017— (1) knowingly engages in any activity that materially contributes to the activities of the Government of Iran with respect to its ballistic missile program, or any other program in Iran for developing, deploying, or maintaining systems capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction, including any efforts to manufacture, acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer, or use such capabilities; (2) is a successor entity to a person referred to in paragraph (1); (3) owns or controls or is owned or controlled by a person referred to in paragraph (1); (4) forms an entity with the purpose of evading sanctions that would otherwise be imposed pursuant to paragraph (3); (5) is acting for or on behalf of a person referred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4); or (6) knowingly provides or attempts to provide financial, material, technological, or other support for, or goods or services in support of, a person referred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4) or (5). **(c) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the following: (1) **Blocking of property** — The President shall block, in accordance with the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9406 — Enforcement of arms embargos

**(a) In general** Except as provided in subsection (d), the President shall impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any person that the President determines— (1) knowingly engages in any activity that materially contributes to the supply, sale, or transfer directly or indirectly to or from Iran, or for the use in or benefit of Iran, of any battle tanks, armored combat vehicles, large caliber artillery systems, combat aircraft, attack helicopters, warships, missiles or missile systems, as defined for the purpose of the United Nations Register of Conventional Arms, or related materiel, including spare parts; or (2) knowingly provides to Iran any technical training, financial resources or services, advice, other services or assistance related to the supply, sale, transfer, manufacture, maintenance, or use of arms and related materiel described in paragraph (1). **(b) Sanctions described** (1) **Blocking of property** — The President shall block, in accordance with the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), all transactions in all property and interests in property of any person subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. (2) **Exclusion from United States** — The Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall exclude from the United States, any person subject to subsection (a) that is an alien. **(c) Penalties** A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (b

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9406 — Enforcement of arms embargos

Page 2230 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9405 (b) In general Beginning on the date that is 90 days after Au- gust 2, 2017, the President shall impose the sanc- tions described in subsection (c) with respect to the IRGC and foreign persons that are officials, agents, or affiliates of the IRGC. (c) Sanctions described The sanctions described in this subsection are sanctions applicable with respect to a foreign person pursuant to Executive Order No. 13224 (50 U.S.C. 1701 note; relating to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support ter- rorism). (Pub. L. 115–44, title I, § 105, Aug. 2, 2017, 131 Stat. 892.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Executive Order No. 13382, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13382, June 28, 2005, 70 F.R. 38567, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. The Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Pub. L. 111–195, July 1, 2010, 124 Stat. 1312, which is classified principally to chapter 92 (§ 8501 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8501 of this title and Tables. Executive Order No. 13553, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13553, Sept. 28, 2010, 75 F.R. 60567, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Executive Order No. 13606, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is Ex. Ord. No. 13606, Apr. 22, 2012, 77 F.R. 24571, which is listed in a table under section 1701 of Title 50, War and National Defense. Executive Order No. 13224, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (c), is Ex. Ord. No. 13224, Sep

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9407 — Review of applicability of sanctions relating to Iran’s support for terrorism and its ballistic missile program

**(a) In general** Not later than 5 years after August 2, 2017, the President shall conduct a review of all persons on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Department of the Treasury for activities relating to Iran— (1) to assess the conduct of such persons as that conduct relates to— (A) any activity that materially contributes to the activities of the Government of Iran with respect to its ballistic missile program; or (B) support by the Government of Iran for acts of international terrorism; and (2) to determine the applicability of sanctions with respect to such persons under— (A) Executive Order No. 13382 ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note; relating to blocking property of weapons of mass destruction delivery system proliferators and their supporters); or (B) Executive Order No. 13224 ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) note; relating to blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism). **(b) Implementation of sanctions** If the President determines under subsection (a) that sanctions under an Executive order specified in paragraph (2) of that subsection are applicable with respect to a person, the President shall— (1) impose sanctions with respect to that person pursuant to that Executive order; or (2) exercise the waiver authority provided under [section 9411 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section9411&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9407 — Review of applicability of sanctions relat-

Page 2231 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9407 1 See References in Text note below. Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), all trans- actions in all property and interests in prop- erty of any person subject to subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person. (2) Exclusion from United States The Secretary of State shall deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall exclude from the United States, any person subject to subsection (a) that is an alien. (c) Penalties A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of sub- section (b)(1) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out that subsection shall be sub- ject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emer- gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person that commits an un- lawful act described in subsection (a) of that section. (d) Exception The President is not required to impose sanc- tions under subsection (a) with respect to a per- son for engaging in an activity described in that subsection if the President certifies to the ap- propriate congressional committees that— (1) permitting the activity is in the national security interest of the United States; (2) Iran no longer presents a significant threat to the national security of the United States and to the allies of the United States; and (3) the Government of Iran has ceased pro- viding operational or financial support for acts of international terrorism and no longer satisfies the requirements for designation as a state sponsor of terrorism.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9408 — Report on coordination of sanctions between the United States and the European Union

**(a) In general** Not later than 180 days after August 2, 2017, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes the following: (1) A description of each instance, during the period specified in subsection (b)— (A) in which the United States has imposed sanctions with respect to a person for activity related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or delivery systems for such weapons to or by Iran, support for acts of international terrorism by Iran, or human rights abuses in Iran, but in which the European Union has not imposed corresponding sanctions; and (B) in which the European Union has imposed sanctions with respect to a person for activity related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or delivery systems for such weapons to or by Iran, support for acts of international terrorism by Iran, or human rights abuses in Iran, but in which the United States has not imposed corresponding sanctions. (2) An explanation for the reason for each discrepancy between sanctions imposed by the European Union and sanctions imposed by the United States described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1). **(b) Period specified** The period specified in this subsection is— (1) in the case of the first report submitted under subsection (a), the period beginning on August 2, 2017, and ending on the date the report is submitted; and (2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 180-day period preceding the submission of the report. **(c) Form of report** The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 9408 — Report on coordination of sanctions be-

Page 2232 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 9408 States, Oct. 11, 2017, 82 F.R. 50051, set out as a note under section 9403 of this title. § 9408. Report on coordination of sanctions be- tween the United States and the European Union (a) In general Not later than 180 days after August 2, 2017, and every 180 days thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes the following: (1) A description of each instance, during the period specified in subsection (b)— (A) in which the United States has im- posed sanctions with respect to a person for activity related to the proliferation of weap- ons of mass destruction or delivery systems for such weapons to or by Iran, support for acts of international terrorism by Iran, or human rights abuses in Iran, but in which the European Union has not imposed cor- responding sanctions; and (B) in which the European Union has im- posed sanctions with respect to a person for activity related to the proliferation of weap- ons of mass destruction or delivery systems for such weapons to or by Iran, support for acts of international terrorism by Iran, or human rights abuses in Iran, but in which the United States has not imposed cor- responding sanctions. (2) An explanation for the reason for each discrepancy between sanctions imposed by the European Union and sanctions imposed by the United States described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1). (b) Period specified The period specified in this subsection is— (1) in the case of the first report submitted under subsection (a), the period beginning on August 2, 2017, and ending on the date the re- port is submitted; and (2) in the case of a subsequent such report, the 180-day period precedin

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 1701 — Unusual and extraordinary threat; declaration of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities

**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat. **(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 1701 — Unusual and extraordinary threat; dec-

Page 151 TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE § 1701 CHAPTER 35—INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY ECONOMIC POWERS Sec. 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; declara- tion of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities. 1702. Presidential authorities. 1703. Consultation and reports. 1704. Authority to issue regulations. 1705. Penalties. 1706. Savings provisions. 1707. Multinational economic embargoes against governments in armed conflict with the United States. 1708. Actions to address economic or industrial es- pionage in cyberspace. 1709. Imposition of sanctions with respect to theft of trade secrets of United States persons. 1710. Confronting asymmetric and malicious cyber activities. § 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; dec- laration of national emergency; exercise of Presidential authorities (a) Any authority granted to the President by section 1702 of this title may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national secu- rity, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat. (b) The authorities granted to the President by section 1702 of this title may only be exer- cised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emer- gency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new dec- laration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat. (Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 202, Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1626.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1701

Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1701. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

50 U.S.C. § 1705 — Penalties

**(a) Unlawful acts** It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under this chapter. **(b) Civil penalty** A civil penalty may be imposed on any person who commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) in an amount not to exceed the greater of— (1) $250,000; or (2) an amount that is twice the amount of the transaction that is the basis of the violation with respect to which the penalty is imposed. **(c) Criminal penalty** A person who willfully commits, willfully attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an unlawful act described in subsection (a) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, may be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both. **(d) Statute of limitations** (1) **Time for commencing proceedings** (A) *In general* — An action, suit, or proceeding for the enforcement of any civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture, pecuniary or otherwise, under this section shall not be entertained unless commenced within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture is based. (B) *Commencement* — For purposes of this paragraph, the commencement of an action, suit, or proceeding includes the issuance of a pre-penalty notice or finding of violation. (2) **Time for indictment** — No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under subsection (c) unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the indictment or information is based.

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1705

Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1705. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.