42 U.S.C. § 16294 — Research and development for coal min-

Page 8852 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16294 (g) Cost sharing Activities carried out under this section shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of section 16352 of this title. (h) Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $2,500,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2022 through 2026. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 963, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 110–140, title VII, § 702(a), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1704; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z, title IV, § 4003(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2536; Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title III, § 40305, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1001.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2021—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(1), struck out ‘‘over a 10-year period’’ after ‘‘carbon diox- ide’’. Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(2)(A), substituted ‘‘demonstration, and commercialization’’ for ‘‘and dem- onstration’’. Subsec. (b)(2)(I). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(2)(B), added subpar. (I). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), (4), added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), redesignated sub- sec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g). Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(5), inserted ‘‘with respect to the research, development, demonstration program components described in subsections (b) through (d)’’ before ‘‘give preference’’. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), redesignated sub- sec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(6), added subsec. (h) and struck out former subsec. (h) which authorized ap- propriations for fiscal years 2021 to 2025. Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (h). 2020—Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(4), substituted ‘‘Carbon storage validation and testing’’ for ‘‘Carbon capture and sequestration research, development, and dem- onstration program’’ in section catchline. Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(4), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to the establishment of a carbon capture and sequestration research, development, and demonstration program and program objectives. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(4), added subsec. (c) and struck out pars. (1) to (3) of former subsec. (c) which related to fundamental science and engineering research and development and demonstration sup- porting carbon capture and sequestration technologies and carbon use activities, field validation testing ac- tivities, and large-scale carbon dioxide sequestration testing, respectively. Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(2)(B), redesig- nated par. (4) as subsec. (e). Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(2)(A), struck out pars. (5) and (6) which related to cost shar- ing and program review and report. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(4), added subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(1), struck out subsec. (d) which authorized appropriations for fiscal years 2008 to 2012. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(3), redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, substituted ‘‘section’’ for ‘‘subsection’’ in introductory provisions and in par. (2), and realigned margins. Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(2)(B), redesignated par. (4) of subsec. (c) as (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(2)(A), added sub- sec. (f). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–260, § 4003(a)(1), added subsec. (g). 2007—Pub. L. 110–140, § 702(a)(1), substituted ‘‘and se- questration research, development, and demonstra- tion’’ for ‘‘research and development’’ in section catch- line. Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–140, § 702(a)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted ‘‘and sequestration research, de- velopment, and demonstration’’ for ‘‘research and de- velopment’’ and ‘‘capture and sequestration tech- nologies related to industrial sources of carbon diox- ide’’ for ‘‘capture technologies on combustion-based systems’’. Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 110–140, § 702(a)(3), added par. (5). Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 110–140, § 702(a)(4), added sub- secs. (c) and (d) and struck out former subsec. (c). Text of former subsec. (c) read as follows: ‘‘From amounts authorized under section 16291(b) of this title, the fol- lowing sums are authorized for activities described in subsection (a)(2): ‘‘(1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; ‘‘(2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and ‘‘(3) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.’’ Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under sec- tion 1824 of Title 2, The Congress. WAGE RATE REQUIREMENTS For provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including au- thority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of this title. § 16294. Research and development for coal min- ing technologies (a) Establishment The Secretary shall carry out a program for research and development on coal mining tech- nologies. (b) Cooperation In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall cooperate with appropriate Federal agen- cies, coal producers, trade associations, equip- ment manufacturers, institutions of higher edu- cation with mining engineering departments, and other relevant entities. (c) Program The research and development activities car- ried out under this section shall— (1) be guided by the mining research and de- velopment priorities identified by the Mining Industry of the Future Program and in the recommendations from relevant reports of the National Academy of Sciences on mining tech- nologies; (2) include activities exploring minimization of contaminants in mined coal that contribute to environmental concerns including develop- ment and demonstration of electromagnetic wave imaging ahead of mining operations; (3) develop and demonstrate coal bed electro- magnetic wave imaging, spectroscopic res- ervoir analysis technology, and techniques for horizontal drilling in order to— (A) identify areas of high coal gas content; Page 8853 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16297 (B) increase methane recovery efficiency; (C) prevent spoilage of domestic coal re- serves; and (D) minimize water disposal associated with methane extraction; and (4) expand mining research capabilities at institutions of higher education. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 964, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 892.) § 16295. Oil and gas research programs (a) In general The Secretary shall conduct a program of re- search, development, demonstration, and com- mercial application of oil and gas, including— (1) exploration and production; (2) gas hydrates; (3) reservoir life and extension; (4) transportation and distribution infra- structure; (5) ultraclean fuels; (6) heavy oil, oil shale, and tar sands; and (7) related environmental research. (b) Objectives The objectives of this program shall include advancing the science and technology available to domestic petroleum producers, particularly independent operators, to minimize the eco- nomic dislocation caused by the decline of do- mestic supplies of oil and natural gas resources. (c) Natural gas and oil deposits report Not later than 2 years after August 8, 2005, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary of the In- terior, in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies, shall submit to Congress a re- port on the latest estimates of natural gas and oil reserves, reserves growth, and undiscovered resources in Federal and State waters off the coast of Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, and Mis- sissippi. (d) Integrated clean power and energy research (1) Establishment of center The Secretary shall establish a national cen- ter or consortium of excellence in clean en- ergy and power generation, using the re- sources of the Clean Power and Energy Re- search Consortium in existence on August 8, 2005, to address the critical dependence of the United States on energy and the need to re- duce emissions. (2) Focus areas The center or consortium shall conduct a program of research, development, demonstra- tion, and commercial application on inte- grating the following 6 focus areas: (A) Efficiency and reliability of gas tur- bines for power generation. (B) Reduction in emissions from power generation. (C) Promotion of energy conservation issues. (D) Effectively using alternative fuels and renewable energy. (E) Development of advanced materials technology for oil and gas exploration and use in harsh environments. (F) Education on energy and power genera- tion issues. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 965, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 892.) § 16296. Low-volume oil and gas reservoir re- search program (a) Definition of GIS In this section, the term ‘‘GIS’’ means geo- graphic information systems technology that fa- cilitates the organization and management of data with a geographic component. (b) Program The Secretary shall establish a program of re- search, development, demonstration, and com- mercial application to maximize the productive capacity of marginal wells and reservoirs. (c) Data collection Under the program, the Secretary shall collect data on— (1) the status and location of marginal wells and oil and gas reservoirs; (2) the production capacity of marginal wells and oil and gas reservoirs; (3) the location of low-pressure gathering fa- cilities and pipelines; and (4) the quantity of natural gas vented or flared in association with crude oil produc- tion. (d) Analysis Under the program, the Secretary shall— (1) estimate the remaining producible re- serves based on variable pipeline pressures; and (2) recommend measures that will enable the continued production of those resources. (e) Study (1) In general The Secretary may award a grant to an or- ganization of States that contain significant numbers of marginal oil and natural gas wells to conduct an annual study of low-volume nat- ural gas reservoirs. (2) Organization with no GIS capabilities If an organization receiving a grant under paragraph (1) does not have GIS capabilities, the organization shall contract with an insti- tution of higher education with GIS capabili- ties. (3) State geologists The organization receiving a grant under paragraph (1) shall collaborate with the State geologist of each State being studied. (f) Public information The Secretary may use the data collected and analyzed under this section to produce maps and literature to disseminate to States to promote conservation of natural gas reserves. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 966, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 893.) § 16297. Complex Well Technology Testing Facil- ity The Secretary, in coordination with industry leaders in extended research drilling technology,