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42 U.S.C. § 16294 — Fossil energy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out research, development, demonstration, and commercial application programs in fossil energy, including activities under this part, with the goal of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental performance of fossil energy production, upgrading, conversion, and consumption.
(2) **Objectives** — The programs described in paragraph (1) shall take into consideration the following objectives:
(A) Increasing the energy conversion efficiency of all forms of fossil energy through improved technologies.
(B) Decreasing the cost of all fossil energy production, generation, and delivery.
(C) Promoting diversity of energy supply.
(D) Decreasing the dependence of the United States on foreign energy supplies.
(E) Improving United States energy security.
(F) Decreasing the environmental impact of energy-related activities, including technology development to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and associated emissions of heavy metals within coal combustion residues and gas streams resulting from fossil fuel use and production.
(G) Increasing the export of fossil energy-related equipment, technology, including emissions control technologies, and services from the United States.
(H) Decreasing the cost of emissions control technologies for fossil energy production, generation, and delivery.
(I) Significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions for all fossil fuel production, generation, delivery, and utilization technologies.
(J) Developing carbon removal and utilization technologies, products, and methods that result in net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, including direct air capture and storage, and carbon use and reuse for commercial application.
(K) Improving
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 149, § 16294; chapter-149-national-energy-policy-and-programs.md
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**(a) Establishment**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out research, development, demonstration, and commercial application programs in fossil energy, including activities under this part, with the goal of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental performance of fossil energy production, upgrading, conversion, and consumption.
(2) **Objectives** — The programs described in paragraph (1) shall take into consideration the following objectives:
(A) Increasing the energy conversion efficiency of all forms of fossil energy through improved technologies.
(B) Decreasing the cost of all fossil energy production, generation, and delivery.
(C) Promoting diversity of energy supply.
(D) Decreasing the dependence of the United States on foreign energy supplies.
(E) Improving United States energy security.
(F) Decreasing the environmental impact of energy-related activities, including technology development to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and associated emissions of heavy metals within coal combustion residues and gas streams resulting from fossil fuel use and production.
(G) Increasing the export of fossil energy-related equipment, technology, including emissions control technologies, and services from the United States.
(H) Decreasing the cost of emissions control technologies for fossil energy production, generation, and delivery.
(I) Significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions for all fossil fuel production, generation, delivery, and utilization technologies.
(J) Developing carbon removal and utilization technologies, products, and methods that result in net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, including direct air capture and storage, and carbon use and reuse for commercial application.
(K) Improving the conversion, use, and storage of carbon oxides produced from fossil fuels.
(L) Reducing water use, improving water reuse, and minimizing surface and subsurface environmental impact in the development of unconventional domestic oil and natural gas resources.
(3) **Priority** — In carrying out the objectives described in subparagraphs (F) through (K) of paragraph (2), the Secretary shall prioritize activities and strategies that have the potential to significantly reduce emissions for each technology relevant to the applicable objective and the international commitments of the United States.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out fossil energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities, including activities authorized under this part—
(1) $611,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(2) $626,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
(3) $641,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
**(c) Allocations** From amounts authorized under subsection (a), the following sums are authorized:
(1) For activities under section 16292 11 See References in Text note below. of this title—
(A) $367,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(B) $376,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
(C) $394,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
(2) For activities under [section 16294 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16294&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(B) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
(C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
(3) For activities under [section 16296 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16296&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(A) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
(B) $450,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 and 2009.
(4) For the Office of Arctic Energy under [section 7144d of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7144d&num=0&edition=prelim) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009.
**(d) Extended authorization** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the Office of Arctic Energy established under [section 7144d of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7144d&num=0&edition=prelim) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 through 2012.
**(e) Limitations**
(1) **Uses** — None of the funds authorized under this section may be used for Fossil Energy Environmental Restoration or Import/Export Authorization.
(2) **Institutions of higher education** — Of the funds authorized under subsection (c)(2), not less than 20 percent of the funds appropriated for each fiscal year shall be dedicated to research and development carried out at institutions of higher education.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Congress finds that—
(1) in order to promote energy independence and meet the increasing demand for energy, the United States will require a diversified portfolio of substantially increased quantities of electricity, natural gas, and transportation fuels;
(2) according to the report submitted to Congress by the National Research Council entitled “Charting the Future of Methane Hydrate Research in the United States”, the total United States resources of gas hydrates have been estimated to be on the order of 200,000 trillion cubic feet;
(3) according to the report of the National Commission on Energy Policy entitled “Ending the Energy Stalemate—A Bipartisan Strategy to Meet America’s Energy Challenge”, and dated December 2004, the United States may be endowed with over one-fourth of the methane hydrate deposits in the world;
(4) according to the Energy Information Administration, a shortfall in natural gas supply from conventional and unconventional sources is expected to occur in or about 2020; and
(5) the National Academy of Sciences states that methane hydrate may have the potential to alleviate the projected shortfall in the natural gas supply.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 95–91, title II, § 216, as added Pub. L. 106–65, div. C, title XXXII, § 3204(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 956; amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. C, title XXXI, § 3117(f), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2508, established the Office of Intelligence.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Large-scale pilot project** — The term “large-scale pilot project” means a pilot project that—
(A) represents the scale of technology development beyond laboratory development and bench scale testing, but not yet advanced to the point of being tested under real operational conditions at commercial scale;
(B) represents the scale of technology necessary to gain the operational data needed to understand the technical and performance risks of the technology before the application of that technology at commercial scale or in commercial-scale demonstration; and
(C) is large enough—
(i) to validate scaling factors; and
(ii) to demonstrate the interaction between major components so that control philosophies for a new process can be developed and enable the technology to advance from large-scale pilot project application to commercial-scale demonstration or application.
(2) **Natural gas** — The term “natural gas” means any fuel consisting in whole or in part of—
(A) natural gas;
(B) liquid petroleum gas;
(C) synthetic gas derived from petroleum or natural gas liquids;
(D) any mixture of natural gas and synthetic gas; or
(E) biomethane.
(3) **Natural gas electric generation facility**
(A) *In general* — The term “natural gas electric generation facility” means a facility that generates electric energy using natural gas as the fuel.
(B) *Inclusions* — The term “natural gas electric generation facility” includes without limitation a new or existing—
(i) simple cycle plant;
(ii) combined cycle plant;
(iii) combined heat and power plant; or
(iv) steam methane reformer that produces hydrogen from natural gas for use in the production of electric energy.
(4) **Program** — The t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16296
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Nuclear Fuel Security Act of 2023”.
**(b) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the Department should—
(A) support increased domestic production of low-enriched uranium; and
(B) accelerate efforts to establish a domestic high-assay, low-enriched uranium enrichment capability; and
(2) if domestic enrichment of high-assay, low-enriched uranium will not be commercially available at the scale needed in time to meet the needs of the advanced nuclear reactor demonstration projects of the Department, the Secretary shall consider and implement, as necessary—
(A) all viable options to make high-assay, low-enriched uranium produced from inventories owned by the Department available in a manner that is sufficient to maximize the potential for the Department to meet the needs and schedules of advanced nuclear reactor developers, without impacting existing Department missions, until such time that commercial enrichment and deconversion capability for high-assay, low-enriched uranium exists at a scale sufficient to meet future needs; and
(B) all viable options for partnering with countries that are allies or partners of the United States to meet those needs and schedules until that time.
**(c) Objectives** The objectives of this section are—
(1) to support domestic production of low-enriched uranium;
(2) to expeditiously increase domestic production of high-assay, low-enriched uranium by an annual quantity, and in such form, determined by the Secretary to be sufficient to meet the needs of—
(A) advanced nuclear reactor developers; and
(B) the consortium;
(3) to ensure the availability of domestically produced, converted, enriched, deconverted, and reduced uranium in a quantity determine
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16292
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall establish and carry out a program of research on marine mineral resources.
**(b) Program goal** The goal of the program shall be to—
(1) promote research, identification, assessment, and exploration of marine mineral resources in an environmentally responsible manner;
(2) assist in developing domestic technologies required for efficient and environmentally sound development of marine mineral resources;
(3) coordinate and promote the use of technologies developed with Federal assistance, and the use of available Federal assets, for research, identification, assessment, exploration, and development of marine mineral resources; and
(4) encourage academia and industry to conduct basic and applied research, on a joint basis, through grants, cooperative agreements, or contracts with the Federal Government.
**(c) Responsibilities of Secretary** In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall—
(1) promote and coordinate partnerships between industry, government, and academia to research, identify, assess, and explore marine mineral resources in an environmentally sound manner;
(2) undertake programs to develop the basic information necessary to the long-term national interest in marine mineral resources (including seabed mapping) and to ensure that data and information are accessible and widely disseminated as needed and appropriate;
(3) identify, and promote cooperation among agency programs that are developing, technologies developed by other Federal programs that may hold promise for facilitating undersea applications related to marine mineral resources, including technologies related to vessels and other platforms, underwater vehicles, survey and mapping systems, remote power sources, data collection and transmission systems,
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 8852
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 16294
(g) Cost sharing
Activities carried out under this section shall
be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of
section 16352 of this title.
(h) Authorization of appropriations
There is authorized to be appropriated to the
Secretary to carry out this section $2,500,000,000
for the period of fiscal years 2022 through 2026.
(Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 963, Aug. 8, 2005, 119
Stat. 891; Pub. L. 110–140, title VII, § 702(a), Dec.
19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1704; Pub. L. 116–260, div. Z,
title IV, § 4003(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2536;
Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title III, § 40305, Nov. 15,
2021, 135 Stat. 1001.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2021—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(1),
struck out ‘‘over a 10-year period’’ after ‘‘carbon diox-
ide’’.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(2)(A), substituted
‘‘demonstration, and commercialization’’ for ‘‘and dem-
onstration’’.
Subsec. (b)(2)(I). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(2)(B), added
subpar. (I).
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), (4), added subsec.
(e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), redesignated sub-
sec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(5), inserted ‘‘with
respect to the research, development, demonstration
program components described in subsections (b)
through (d)’’ before ‘‘give preference’’.
Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), redesignated sub-
sec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).
Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(6), added subsec. (h)
and struck out former subsec. (h) which authorized ap-
propriations for fiscal years 2021 to 2025.
Pub. L. 117–58, § 40305(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as
(h).
2020
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