20 U.S.C. § 2301 — Purpose

Page 1051 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 2301 Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently redesignated as title I and amended generally by Pub. L. 90–576, title I, § 101, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064, further amended by Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235; Pub. L. 93–380, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 93–567, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1845; Pub. L. 94–135, Nov. 28, 1975, 89 Stat. 713; Pub. L. 94–273, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 375, and reclassified to chapter 32 (§§ 1241–1393f) of this title. Title I of Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended generally by Pub. L. 94–482, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 2169, and reclassified to this chapter. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended by Pub. L. 98–524, § 1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2435, by striking out all after the enacting clause and inserting in lieu thereof titles I to V (§§ 1–521), to be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act, and further amended by Pub. L. 99–159, Nov. 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 99–357, July 8, 1986, 100 Stat. 761; Pub. L. 100–202, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329; Pub. L. 100–297, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 130; Pub. L. 100–418, Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1107. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently extensively amended by Pub. L. 101–392, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 753, including an amendment to provide that the Act be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act, and was further amended by Pub. L. 101–476, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1103; Pub. L. 102–103, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 497; Pub. L. 102–367, Sept. 7, 1992, 106 Stat. 1021; Pub. L. 103–208, Dec. 20, 1993, 107 Stat. 2457; Pub. L. 103–227, Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 103–239, May 4, 1994, 108 Stat. 568; Pub. L. 103–382, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3518; Pub. L. 104–66, Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 104–193, Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2105; Pub. L. 105–244, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1581. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended generally by Pub. L. 105–332, § 1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076, including an amend- ment to provide that the Act be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998, and was further amended by Pub. L. 106–246, July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 106–554, Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763; Pub. L. 107–20, July 24, 2001, 115 Stat. 155; Pub. L. 107–110, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1425. Pub. L. 88–210 was subsequently amended generally by Pub. L. 109–270, § 1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, including an amend- ment to provide that the Act be cited as the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006. Pub. L. 88–210 is shown herein, however, as having been added by Pub. L. 109–270 without reference to the inter- vening amendments listed above because of the exten- sive revision of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 109–270. § 2301. Purpose The purpose of this chapter is to develop more fully the academic knowledge and technical and employability skills of secondary education stu- dents and postsecondary education students who elect to enroll in career and technical education programs and programs of study, by— (1) building on the efforts of States and lo- calities to develop challenging academic and technical standards and to assist students in meeting such standards, including preparation for high skill, high wage, or in-demand occu- pations in current or emerging professions; (2) promoting the development of services and activities that integrate rigorous and challenging academic and career and technical instruction, and that link secondary education and postsecondary education for participating career and technical education students; (3) increasing State and local flexibility in providing services and activities designed to develop, implement, and improve career and technical education; (4) conducting and disseminating national research and disseminating information on best practices that improve career and tech- nical education programs and programs of study, services, and activities; (5) providing technical assistance that— (A) promotes leadership, initial prepara- tion, and professional development at the State and local levels; and (B) improves the quality of career and technical education teachers, faculty, ad- ministrators, and counselors; (6) supporting partnerships among secondary schools, postsecondary institutions, bacca- laureate degree granting institutions, area ca- reer and technical education schools, local workforce investment boards, business and in- dustry, and intermediaries; (7) providing individuals with opportunities throughout their lifetimes to develop, in con- junction with other education and training programs, the knowledge and skills needed to keep the United States competitive; and (8) increasing the employment opportunities for populations who are chronically unem- ployed or underemployed, including individ- uals with disabilities, individuals from eco- nomically disadvantaged families, out-of- workforce individuals, youth who are in, or have aged out of, the foster care system, and homeless individuals. (Pub. L. 88–210, § 2, as added Pub. L. 109–270, § 1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 684; amended Pub. L. 115–224, § 6, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1565.) Editorial Notes PRIOR PROVISIONS A prior section 2301, Pub. L. 88–210, § 2, as added Pub. L. 105–332, § 1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3077, stated pur- pose of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 109–270. Another prior section 2301, Pub. L. 88–210, § 2, as added Pub. L. 98–524, § 1, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2437; amended Pub. L. 101–392, § 2, Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 756, stated purpose of this chapter, prior to the general amend- ment of this chapter by Pub. L. 105–332. AMENDMENTS 2018—Pub. L. 115–224, § 6(1), in introductory provi- sions, substituted ‘‘academic knowledge and technical and employability skills’’ for ‘‘academic and career and technical skills’’ and inserted ‘‘and programs of study’’ after ‘‘technical education programs’’. Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–224, § 6(2), substituted ‘‘in-demand occupations’’ for ‘‘high demand occupations’’. Par. (3). Pub. L. 115–224, § 6(3), struck out ‘‘, including tech prep education’’ after ‘‘technical education’’. Par. (4). Pub. L. 115–224, § 6(4), inserted ‘‘and programs of study’’ after ‘‘technical education programs’’. Par. (8). Pub. L. 115–224, § 6(5)–(7), added par. (8). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–224, § 4, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1564, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Short Title of 2018 Amend- ment note below], and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect beginning on July 1, 2019.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–224, § 1, July 31, 2018, 132 Stat. 1563, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 2399 of this title, amending numerous sections throughout this chapter, sections 6311, 7425, and 7544 of this title, and sections 49l–2 and 3174 of Title 29 Labor, repealing sub- Page 1052 TITLE 20—EDUCATION § 2302 chapter II of this chapter, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2006 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 109–270, § 1(a), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Carl D. Perkins Career and Tech- nical Education Improvement Act of 2006’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1998 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 105–332, § 1(a), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3076, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Amendments of 1998’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 101–392, § 1(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 753, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act Amendments of 1990’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 1968 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 90–576, § 1, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1064, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 6, 1119c to 1119c–4, 1226, 1241 to 1248, 1261 to 1264, 1281 to 1284, 1301 to 1305, 1321 to 1323, 1341, 1351 to 1355, 1371 to 1374, and 1391 of this title, amending sections 237, 237 note, 238, 239, 240, 241, 403, 421, 422, 423, 423 note, 425, 425 note, 426, 441, 442, 442 note, 443, 444, 462, 464, 481, 482, 482 note, 483, 484, 491, 511, 521, 541, 551, 561, 563, 588, 589, 611, 633, 644, 645, 1202, and 1221 of this title, repealing sections 15i, 15i note, 15j to 15q, 15aa to 15jj, 15aaa to 15ggg, 30, 31 to 33, and 34 of this title and section 1667 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6, 11, 240, 886, 1202, 1321, and 2301 of this title and section 2809 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare may be cited as the ‘Vocational Education Amendments of 1968’.’’ SHORT TITLE Pub. L. 88–210, § 1(a), as added by Pub. L. 109–270, § 1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006’.’’ Pub. L. 88–210, title II, § 201, as added by Pub. L. 105–332, § 1(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3117, which pro- vided that title II of Pub. L. 88–210, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, could be cited as the ‘‘Tech-Prep Education Act’’, was omitted in the general amend- ment of Pub. L. 88–210 by Pub. L. 109–270, § 1(b), Aug. 12, 2006, 120 Stat. 683. VOCATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY Pub. L. 98–524, § 6, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2491, provided that: ‘‘It is the sense of the Congress that effective vo- cational education programs are essential to our future as a free and democratic society; that such programs are best administered by local communities, and com- munity colleges school boards, where the primacy of parental control can be emphasized with a minimum of Federal interference; and that as a means to strength- ening vocational education and training programs, non- governmental alternatives promoting links between public school needs and private sector sources of sup- port should be encouraged and implemented.’’ § 2302. Definitions Unless otherwise specified, in this chapter: (1) Administration The term ‘‘administration’’, when used with respect to an eligible agency or eligible recipi- ent, means activities necessary for the proper and efficient performance of the eligible agen- cy or eligible recipient’s duties under this chapter, including the supervision of such ac- tivities. Such term does not include cur- riculum development activities, personnel de- velopment, or research activities. (2) All aspects of an industry The term ‘‘all aspects of an industry’’ means strong experience in, and comprehensive un- derstanding of, the industry that the indi- vidual is preparing to enter. (3) Area career and technical education school The term ‘‘area career and technical edu- cation school’’ means— (A) a specialized public secondary school used exclusively or principally for the provi- sion of career and technical education to in- dividuals who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market; (B) the department of a public secondary school exclusively or principally used for providing career and technical education in not fewer than 3 different fields that are available to all students, especially in high- skill, high-wage, or in-demand industry sec- tors or occupations; (C) a public or nonprofit technical institu- tion or career and technical education school used exclusively or principally for the provision of career and technical education to individuals who have completed or left secondary school and who are available for study in preparation for entering the labor market, if the institution or school admits, as regular students, individuals who have completed secondary school and individuals who have left secondary school; or (D) the department or division of an insti- tution of higher education, that operates under the policies of the eligible agency and that provides career and technical education in not fewer than 3 different occupational fields leading to immediate employment but not necessarily leading to a baccalaureate degree, if the department or division admits, as regular students, both individuals who have completed secondary school and indi- viduals who have left secondary school. (4) Articulation agreement The term ‘‘articulation agreement’’ means a written commitment— (A) that is agreed upon at the State level or approved annually by the lead adminis- trators of— (i) a secondary institution and a postsec- ondary educational institution; or (ii) a subbaccalaureate degree granting postsecondary educational institution and a baccalaureate degree granting postsec- ondary educational institution; and (B) to a program that is— (i) designed to provide students with a nonduplicative sequence of progressive achievement leading to technical skill pro- ficiency, a credential, a certificate, or a degree; and (ii) linked through credit transfer agree- ments between the 2 institutions described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (A) (as the case may be).