28 U.S.C. § 581 — United States trustees

Page 242 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE [§ 572 Section 571, added Pub. L. 89–554, § 4(c), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 621; amended Pub. L. 95–598, title II, §§ 222, 223, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2662; Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(g)(2), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1060, related to disbursement of sala- ries and moneys. [§ 572. Renumbered § 567] [§§ 572a to 574. Repealed. Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7608(a)(2)(A), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4514] Section 572a, added Pub. L. 97–258, § 2(g)(3)(B), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1060, related to depositing of public moneys. See section 566(f) of this title. Section 573, added Pub. L. 89–554, § 4(c), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 621, related to delivery of prisoners to a suc- cessor. See section 566(g)(1) of this title. Section 574, added Pub. L. 89–554, § 4(c), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 621, related to delivery of unserved process to a successor. See section 566(g)(2) of this title. [§§ 575, 576. Renumbered §§ 568, 569] CHAPTER 39—UNITED STATES TRUSTEES Sec. 581. United States trustees. 582. Assistant United States trustees. 583. Oath of office. 584. Official stations. 585. Vacancies. 586. Duties; supervision by Attorney General. 587. Salaries. 588. Expenses. 589. Staff and other employees. 589a. United States Trustee System Fund. 589b. Bankruptcy data. Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2005—Pub. L. 109–8, title VI, § 602(b), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 122, added item 589b. 1986—Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 115(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3095, added item 589a. UNITED STATES TRUSTEE PILOT; REPEAL OF BANK- RUPTCY PROVISIONS RELATING TO UNITED STATES TRUSTEES Pub. L. 95–598, title IV, § 408, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2686, as amended by Pub. L. 98–166, title II, § 200, Nov. 28, 1983, 97 Stat. 1081; Pub. L. 98–353, title III, § 323, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 358; Pub. L. 99–429, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 985; Pub. L. 99–500, § 101(b) [title II, § 200], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–45, and Pub. L. 99–591, § 101(b) [title II, § 200], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–45; Pub. L. 99–554, title III, § 307(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3125, which provided that the Attorney General conduct such studies and surveys as necessary to evaluate needs, feasibility, and effectiveness of the United States trustee system, and report result of such studies and surveys to Congress, the President, and the Judi- cial Conference of the United States, beginning on or before January 3, 1980, and annually thereafter during the transition period; that not later than January 3, 1984, the Attorney General report to Congress, the President, and the Judicial Conference of the United States, as to the feasibility, projected annual cost and effectiveness of the United States trustee system, as determined on the basis of the studies and surveys re- specting the operation of the United States trustee sys- tem in the districts, together with recommendations as to the desirability and method of proceeding with im- plementation of the United States trustee system in all judicial districts of the United States; and that chapter 15 of title 11 and chapter 39 of this title were repealed, and all references to the United States trustee con- tained in this title were deleted, 30 days after the effec- tive date of Pub. L. 99–554 (see section 302 of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title), with service of any United States trustee, of any assist- ant United States trustee, and of any employee em- ployed or appointed under the authority of such chap- ter 39 was terminated on such date, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–554, title III, § 307(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3125. § 581. United States trustees (a) The Attorney General shall appoint one United States trustee for each of the following regions composed of Federal judicial districts (without regard to section 451): (1) The judicial districts established for the States of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, and Rhode Island. (2) The judicial districts established for the States of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont. (3) The judicial districts established for the States of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsyl- vania. (4) The judicial districts established for the States of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia and for the District of Columbia. (5) The judicial districts established for the States of Louisiana and Mississippi. (6) The Northern District of Texas and the Eastern District of Texas. (7) The Southern District of Texas and the Western District of Texas. (8) The judicial districts established for the States of Kentucky and Tennessee. (9) The judicial districts established for the States of Michigan and Ohio. (10) The Central District of Illinois and the Southern District of Illinois; and the judicial districts established for the State of Indiana. (11) The Northern District of Illinois; and the judicial districts established for the State of Wisconsin. (12) The judicial districts established for the States of Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota. (13) The judicial districts established for the States of Arkansas, Nebraska, and Missouri. (14) The District of Arizona. (15) The Southern District of California; and the judicial districts established for the State of Hawaii, and for Guam and the Common- wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (16) The Central District of California. (17) The Eastern District of California and the Northern District of California; and the ju- dicial district established for the State of Ne- vada. (18) The judicial districts established for the States of Alaska, Idaho (exclusive of Yellow- stone National Park), Montana (exclusive of Yellowstone National Park), Oregon, and Washington. (19) The judicial districts established for the States of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming (in- cluding those portions of Yellowstone Na- tional Park situated in the States of Montana and Idaho). (20) The judicial districts established for the States of Kansas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. (21) The judicial districts established for the States of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia and Page 243 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 581 for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands of the United States. (b) Each United States trustee shall be ap- pointed for a term of five years. On the expira- tion of his term, a United States trustee shall continue to perform the duties of his office until his successor is appointed and qualifies. (c) Each United States trustee is subject to re- moval by the Attorney General. (Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2662; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 111(a)–(c), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3090, 3091.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(a), amended sub- sec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: ‘‘The Attorney General shall appoint one United States trustee for each of the following districts or groups of districts: ‘‘(1) District of Maine, District of New Hampshire, District of Massachusetts, and District of Rhode Is- land. ‘‘(2) Southern District of New York. ‘‘(3) District of Delaware and District of New Jer- sey. ‘‘(4) Eastern District of Virginia and District of Dis- trict of Columbia. ‘‘(5) Northern District of Alabama. ‘‘(6) Northern District of Texas. ‘‘(7) Northern District of Illinois. ‘‘(8) District of Minnesota, District of North Da- kota, District of South Dakota. ‘‘(9) Central District of California. ‘‘(10) District of Colorado and District of Kansas.’’ Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(b), substituted ‘‘five years’’ for ‘‘seven years’’ and ‘‘office’’ for ‘‘Office’’. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(c), struck out ‘‘for cause’’ after ‘‘removal’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1986 AMENDMENT; TRANSITION AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Pub. L. 99–554, title III, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3118, as amended by Pub. L. 101–650, title III, § 317(a), (c), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5115, 5116; Pub. L. 103–65, § 1, Aug. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 311; Pub. L. 106–518, title V, § 501, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 109–8, title X, § 1001(c), Apr. 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 186, provided that: ‘‘SEC. 301. INCUMBENT UNITED STATES TRUSTEES. ‘‘(a) AREA FOR WHICH APPOINTED.—Notwithstanding any paragraph of section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code, as in effect before the effective date of this Act, a United States trustee serving in such office on the effective date of this Act shall serve the remain- ing term of such office as United States trustee for the region specified in a paragraph of such section, as amended by this Act, that includes the site at which the primary official station of the United States trust- ee is located immediately before the effective date of this Act. ‘‘(b) TERM OF OFFICE.—Notwithstanding section 581(b) of title 28, United States Code, as in effect before the effective date of this Act, the term of office of any United States trustee serving in such office on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986] shall ex- pire— ‘‘(1) 2 years after the expiration date of such term of office under such section, as so in effect, or ‘‘(2) 4 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, whichever occurs first. ‘‘SEC. 302. EFFECTIVE DATES; APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS. ‘‘(a) GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATE.—Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and [former] (f), this Act and the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note below] shall take effect 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986]. ‘‘(b) AMENDMENTS RELATING TO BANKRUPTCY JUDGES AND INCUMBENT UNITED STATES TRUSTEES.—Subtitle A of title I, and sections 301 and 307(a) [amending sections 152 and 156 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 581 of this title, and amending pro- visions set out as notes under section 152 of this title and preceding section 581 of this title], shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986]. ‘‘(c) AMENDMENTS RELATING TO FAMILY FARMERS.—(1) The amendments made by subtitle B of title II [§§ 251 to 257 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classification] shall not apply with respect to cases commenced under title 11 of the United States Code before the effective date of this Act. ‘‘(2) Section 1202 of title 11 of the United States Code (as added by the amendment made by section 255 of this Act) shall take effect on the effective date of this Act and before the amendment made by section 227 of this Act [amending section 1202 of this title]. ‘‘(3) Until the amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classification] become effective in a district and apply to a case, for purposes of such case— ‘‘(A)(i) any reference in section 326(b) of title 11 of the United States Code to chapter 13 of title 11 of the United States Code shall be deemed to be a reference to chapter 12 or chapter 13 of title 11 of the United States Code, ‘‘(ii) any reference in such section 326(b) to section 1302(d) of title 11 of the United States Code shall be deemed to be a reference to section 1302(d) of title 11 of the United States Code or section 586(b) of title 28 of the United States Code, and ‘‘(iii) any reference in such section 326(b) to section 1302(a) of title 11 of the United States Code shall be deemed to be a reference to section 1202(a) or section 1302(a) of title 11 of the United States Code, and ‘‘(B)(i) the first two references in section 1202(a) of title 11 of the United States Code (as added by the amendment made by section 255 of this Act) to the United States trustee shall be deemed to be a ref- erence to the court, and ‘‘(ii) any reference in such section 1202(a) to section 586(b) of title 28 of the United States Code shall be deemed to be a reference to section 1202(c) of title 11 of the United States Code (as so added). ‘‘(d) APPLICATION OF AMENDMENTS TO JUDICIAL DIS- TRICTS.— ‘‘(1) CERTAIN REGIONS NOT CURRENTLY SERVED BY UNITED STATES TRUSTEES.—(A) The amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classification], and sec- tion 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not— ‘‘(i) become effective in or with respect to a judi- cial district specified in subparagraph (B) until, or ‘‘(ii) apply to cases while pending in such district before, the expiration of the 270-day period beginning on the effective date of this Act or of the 30-day period be- ginning on the date the Attorney General certifies under section 303 of this Act the region specified in a paragraph of section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section 111(a) of this Act, that includes such district, whichever occurs first. Page 244 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 581 ‘‘(B) Subparagraph (A) applies to the following: ‘‘(i) The judicial district established for the Com- monwealth of Puerto Rico. ‘‘(ii) The District of Connecticut. ‘‘(iii) The judicial districts established for the State of New York (other than the Southern Dis- trict of New York). ‘‘(iv) The District of Vermont. ‘‘(v) The judicial districts established for the State of Pennsylvania. ‘‘(vi) The judicial district established for the Vir- gin Islands of the United States. ‘‘(vii) The District of Maryland. ‘‘(viii) The judicial districts established for the State of North Carolina. ‘‘(ix) The District of South Carolina. ‘‘(x) The judicial districts established for the State of West Virginia. ‘‘(xi) The Western District of Virginia. ‘‘(xii) The Eastern District of Texas. ‘‘(xiii) The judicial districts established for the State of Wisconsin. ‘‘(xiv) The judicial districts established for the State of Iowa. ‘‘(xv) The judicial districts established for the State of New Mexico. ‘‘(xvi) The judicial districts established for the State of Oklahoma. ‘‘(xvii) The District of Utah. ‘‘(xviii) The District of Wyoming (including those portions of Yellowstone National Park situated in the States of Montana and Idaho). ‘‘(xix) The judicial districts established for the State of Alabama. ‘‘(xx) The judicial districts established for the State of Florida. ‘‘(xxi) The judicial districts established for the State of Georgia. ‘‘(2) CERTAIN REMAINING JUDICIAL DISTRICTS NOT CUR- RENTLY SERVED BY UNITED STATES TRUSTEES.—(A) The amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classi- fication], and section 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not— ‘‘(i) become effective in or with respect to a judi- cial district specified in subparagraph (B) until, or ‘‘(ii) apply to cases while pending in such district before, the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the effective date of this Act or of the 30-day period be- ginning on the date the Attorney General certifies under section 303 of this Act the region specified in a paragraph of section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section 111(a) of this Act, that includes such district, whichever occurs first. ‘‘(B) Subparagraph (A) applies to the following: ‘‘(i) The judicial districts established for the State of Louisiana. ‘‘(ii) The judicial districts established for the State of Mississippi. ‘‘(iii) The Southern District of Texas and the Western District of Texas. ‘‘(iv) The judicial districts established for the State of Kentucky. ‘‘(v) The judicial districts established for the State of Tennessee. ‘‘(vi) The judicial districts established for the State of Michigan. ‘‘(vii) The judicial districts established for the State of Ohio. ‘‘(viii) The judicial districts established for the State of Illinois (other than the Northern District of Illinois). ‘‘(ix) The judicial districts established for the State of Indiana. ‘‘(x) The judicial districts established for the State of Arkansas. ‘‘(xi) The judicial districts established for the State of Nebraska. ‘‘(xii) The judicial districts established for the State of Missouri. ‘‘(xiii) The District of Arizona. ‘‘(xiv) The District of Hawaii. ‘‘(xv) The judicial district established for Guam. ‘‘(xvi) The judicial district established for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. ‘‘(xvii) The judicial districts established for the State of California (other than the Central District of California). ‘‘(xviii) The District of Nevada. ‘‘(xix) The District of Alaska. ‘‘(xx) The District of Idaho. ‘‘(xxi) The District of Montana. ‘‘(xxii) The District of Oregon. ‘‘(xxiii) The judicial districts established for the State of Washington. ‘‘(3) JUDICIAL DISTRICTS FOR THE STATES OF ALABAMA AND NORTH CAROLINA.—(A) Notwithstanding para- graphs (1) and (2), and any other provision of law, the amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classi- fication], and section 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not— ‘‘(i) become effective in or with respect to a judi- cial district specified in subparagraph (E) until, or ‘‘(ii) apply to cases while pending in such district before, such district elects to be included in a bankruptcy re- gion established in section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section 111(a) of this Act, except that the amendment to section 105(a) of title 11, United States Code, shall become effective as of the date of the enactment of the Federal Courts Study Committee Implementation Act of 1990 [Dec. 1, 1990]. ‘‘(B) Any election under subparagraph (A) shall be made upon a majority vote of the chief judge of such district and each bankruptcy judge in such judicial district in favor of such election. ‘‘(C) Notice that an election has been made under subparagraph (A) shall be given, not later than 10 days after such election, to the Attorney General and the appropriate Federal Circuit Court of Appeals for such district. ‘‘(D) Any election made under subparagraph (A) shall become effective on the date the amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act become ef- fective in the region that includes such district or 30 days after the Attorney General receives the notice required under subparagraph (C), whichever occurs later. ‘‘(E) Subparagraph (A) applies to the following: ‘‘(i) The judicial districts established for the State of Alabama. ‘‘(ii) The judicial districts established for the State of North Carolina. ‘‘(F)(i) Subject to clause (ii), with respect to cases under chapters 7, 11, 12, and 13 of title 11, United States Code— ‘‘(I) commenced before the effective date of this Act, and ‘‘(II) pending in a judicial district in the State of Alabama or the State of North Carolina before any election made under subparagraph (A) by such dis- trict becomes effective, the amendments made by section 113 [amending sec- tion 586 of this title] and subtitle A of title II of this Act, and section 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not apply until the expiration of the 1-year pe- riod beginning on the date such election becomes ef- fective. ‘‘(ii) For purposes of clause (i), the amendments made by section 113 and subtitle A of title II of this Act, and section 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not apply with respect to a case under chapter 7, 11, 12, or 13 of title 11, United States Code, if— Page 245 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 581 ‘‘(I) the trustee in the case files the final report and account of administration of the estate, re- quired under section 704 of such title, or ‘‘(II) a plan is confirmed under section 1129, 1225, or 1325 of such title, before the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on the date such election becomes effective. ‘‘(G) Notwithstanding section 589a of title 28, United States Code, as added by section 115 of this Act, funds collected as a result of the amendments made by section 117 of this Act [amending section 1930 of this title] in a judicial district in the State of Alabama or the State of North Carolina under section 1930(a) of title 28, United States Code, before the date the amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act take effect in such district shall be deposited in the general receipts of the Treasury. ‘‘(H) The repeal made by section 231 of this Act [re- pealing chapter 15 of title 11] shall not apply in or with respect to the Northern District of Alabama until March 1, 1987, or the effective date of any elec- tion made under subparagraph (A) by such district, whichever occurs first. ‘‘(I) In any judicial district in the State of Alabama or the State of North Carolina that has not made the election described in subparagraph (A), any person who is appointed under regulations issued by the Ju- dicial Conference of the United States to administer estates in cases under title 11 of the United States Code may— ‘‘(i) establish, maintain, and supervise a panel of private trustees that are eligible and available to serve as trustees in cases under title 11, United States Code, and ‘‘(ii) supervise the administration of cases and trustees in cases under chapters 7, 11, 12, and 13 of title 11, United States Code, until the amendments made by subtitle A of title II take effect in such district. ‘‘(e) APPLICATION OF UNITED STATES TRUSTEE SYSTEM AND QUARTERLY FEES TO CERTAIN CASES.— ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), with re- spect to cases under chapters 7, 11, 12, and 13 of title 11, United States Code— ‘‘(A) commenced before the effective date of this Act, and ‘‘(B) pending in a judicial district referred to in section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section 111(a) of this Act, for which a United States trustee is not authorized before the effective date of this Act to be appointed, the amendments made by section 113 [amending sec- tion 586 of this title] and subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for clas- sification], and section 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not apply until the expiration of the 3- year period beginning on the effective date of this Act, or of the 1-year period beginning on the date the Attorney General certifies under section 303 of this Act the region specified in a paragraph of such sec- tion 581(a), as so amended, that includes such dis- trict, whichever occurs first. ‘‘(2) AMENDMENTS INAPPLICABLE.—For purposes of paragraph (1), the amendments made by section 113 and subtitle A of title II of this Act, and section 1930(a)(6) of title 28 of the United States Code (as added by section 117(4) of this Act), shall not apply with respect to a case under chapter 7, 11, 12, or 13 of title 11, United States Code, if— ‘‘(A) the trustee in the case files the final report and account of administration of the estate, re- quired under section 704 of such title, or ‘‘(B) a plan is confirmed under section 1129, 1225, or 1325 of such title, before the expiration of the 3-year period, or the expi- ration of the 1-year period, specified in paragraph (1), whichever occurs first. ‘‘(3) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION REGARDING FEES FOR CASES.—This Act [see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note below] and the amendments made by section 117(4) of this Act [amending section 1930 of this title] shall not be construed to require the payment of a fee under paragraph (6) of section 1930(a) of title 28, United States Code, in a case under title 11 of the United States Code for any conduct or period occur- ring before such paragraph becomes effective in the district in which such case is pending. ‘‘SEC. 303. CERTIFICATION OF JUDICIAL DIS- TRICTS; NOTICE AND PUBLICATION OF CER- TIFICATION. ‘‘(a) CERTIFICATION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.—The At- torney General may certify in writing a region speci- fied in a paragraph of section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code (other than paragraph (16)), as amended by section 111(a) of this Act, to the appropriate court of appeals of the United States, for the purpose of inform- ing such court that certain amendments made by this Act will become effective in accordance with section 302 of this Act. ‘‘(b) NOTICE AND PUBLICATION OF CERTIFICATION.— Whenever the Attorney General transmits a certifi- cation under subsection (a), the Attorney General shall simultaneously— ‘‘(1) transmit a copy of such certification to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the President pro tempore of the Senate, and ‘‘(2) publish such certification in the Federal Reg- ister. ‘‘SEC. 304. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS. ‘‘(a) COOPERATIVE ARRANGEMENTS.—The Attorney General and the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may enter into agreements under which United States trustees may— ‘‘(1) use— ‘‘(A) the services, equipment, personnel, records, reports, and data compilations, in any form, of the courts of the United States, and ‘‘(B) the facilities of such courts, and ‘‘(2) cooperate in the use by the courts of the United States of— ‘‘(A) the services, equipment, personnel, records, reports, and data compilations, in any form, of United States trustees, and ‘‘(B) the facilities of such trustees, to prevent duplication during the 2-year period begin- ning on the effective date of this Act. ‘‘(b) INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTS RELATING TO BANK- RUPTCY CASES AND UNITED STATES TRUSTEES.—The Di- rector of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall make available to United States trustees, at the request of the Attorney General and on a con- tinuing basis, all records, reports, and data compila- tions relating to— ‘‘(1) cases and proceedings under title 11 of the United States Code, and ‘‘(2) the duties of United States trustees under ti- tles 11 and 28 of the United States Code. ‘‘SEC. 305. APPLICATION OF CERTAIN BANK- RUPTCY RULES. ‘‘(a) RULES RELATING TO THE UNITED STATES TRUSTEE SYSTEM.—If a United States trustee is not authorized, before the effective date of this Act, to be appointed for a judicial district referred to in section 581(a) of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section 111(a) of this Act, then part X of the Bankruptcy Rules [11 U.S.C. App.] shall not apply to cases in such district until the amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classification] become effective under section 302 of this Act in such district. ‘‘(b) RULES RELATING TO CHAPTER 12 OF TITLE 11.—The rules prescribed under section 2075 of title 28, United States Code, and in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986] shall apply to cases filed under chapter 12 of title 11, United States Code, to the extent practicable and not inconsistent with the amendments made by title II of this Act [see Tables for classification]. Page 246 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 581 ‘‘SEC. 306. SALARY OF INCUMBENT UNITED STATES TRUSTEES. ‘‘For service as a United States trustee in the period beginning on the effective date of this Act and ending on the expiration under section 301 of this Act of their respective terms of office, the salary payable to United States trustees serving in such offices on the effective date of this Act shall be fixed in accordance with sec- tion 587 of title 28, United States Code, as amended by section 114(a) of this Act. ‘‘SEC. 307. PRESERVATION OF UNITED STATES TRUSTEE SYSTEM DURING PENDENCY OF LEG- ISLATION; REPEALER. ‘‘(a) TEMPORARY DELAY OF REPEAL OF UNITED STATES TRUSTEE SYSTEM.—Effective immediately before No- vember 10, 1986, section 408(c) of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2687), is amended by striking out ‘November 10, 1986’ and inserting in lieu thereof ‘30 days after the effective date of the Bank- ruptcy Judges, United States Trustees, and Family Farmer Bankruptcy Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–554]’. ‘‘(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 408 of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2687), is repealed. ‘‘SEC. 308. CONSIDERATION OF CURRENT PRIVATE TRUSTEES FOR APPOINTMENT BY UNITED STATES TRUSTEES. ‘‘(a) TRUSTEES IN BANKRUPTCY CASES UNDER CHAPTER 7.—It is the sense of the Congress that individuals who are serving before the effective date of this Act, as trustees in cases under chapter 7 of title 11, United States Code, should be considered by United States trustees for appointment under section 586(a)(1) of title 28, United States Code, to the panels of private trustees that are established as a result of the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note below]. ‘‘(b) STANDING TRUSTEES IN BANKRUPTCY CASES UNDER CHAPTER 13.—It is the sense of the Congress that indi- viduals who are serving before the effective date of this Act, as standing trustees in cases under chapter 13 of title 11, United States Code, should be considered by the United States trustees for appointment under sec- tion 586(b) of title 28, United States Code, as standing trustees who are appointed as a result of the amend- ments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1986 Amend- ment note below]. ‘‘SEC. 309. APPOINTMENT OF UNITED STATES TRUSTEES BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL. ‘‘It is the sense of the Congress that individuals oth- erwise qualified who are serving, before the effective date of this Act, as estate administrators under title 11 of the United States Code should be considered by the Attorney General for appointment under sections 581 and 582 of title 28, United States Code, to new positions of United States trustee and assistant United States trustee resulting from the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note below]. ‘‘SEC. 310. ELECTRONIC CASE MANAGEMENT DEM- ONSTRATION PROJECT. ‘‘(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROJECT.—Not later than 1 year after the effective date of this Act, the Director of the Executive Office for United States Trustees, in con- sultation with the Director of the Administrative Of- fice of the United States Courts, shall establish an elec- tronic case management demonstration project to be carried out in 3 Federal judicial districts that have a sufficiently large and varied bankruptcy caseload so as to provide a meaningful evaluation of the cost and ef- fectiveness of such system. A contract for such project shall be awarded— ‘‘(1) on the basis of competitive bids submitted by qualified nongovernmental entities that are able to design an automated joint information system for use by the United States courts and by United States trustees, and ‘‘(2) in accordance with the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 [see chapters 1 to 11 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and division C (except sections 3302, 3307(e), 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of Title 41, Pub- lic Contracts], the Office of Federal Procurement Pol- icy Act [see division B (except sections 1123, 2303, 2304, and 2313) of subtitle I of Title 41], and title 31 of the United States Code. ‘‘(b) STUDY BY GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE [NOW GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE].—Not later than 1 year after the electronic case management system be- gins to operate in all of the judicial districts partici- pating in the demonstration project carried out under subsection (a), the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office] shall conduct a study to compare the cost and effectiveness of such sys- tem with the cost and effectiveness of case manage- ment systems used in Federal judicial districts that are not participating in such project. ‘‘(c) TERM OF PROJECT.—The demonstration project required by subsection (a) shall be carried out until— ‘‘(1) the expiration of the 2-year period beginning on the date the electronic case management system be- gins to operate in all of the judicial districts partici- pating in such project, or ‘‘(2) legislation is enacted to extend, expand, mod- ify, or terminate the operation of such project, whichever occurs first. ‘‘(d) USE BY CLERKS OF THE COURTS.—The electronic case management system demonstrated under the project required by subsection (a) shall provide the clerk of court in each district in which such system is operated, with a means of— ‘‘(1) maintaining a complete electronic case file of all relevant information contained in petitions and schedules (and any amendments thereto) relating to debtors in cases under title 11 of the United States Code, including— ‘‘(A) a complete list of creditors in each such case, as listed by the debtor, ‘‘(B) a complete list of assets scheduled by the debtor, the value of such asset, and any action taken by the trustee or debtor in possession with regard to such asset during the pendency of such case, ‘‘(C) a complete list of debts and, with respect to each debt— ‘‘(i) any priority of such debt under title 11 of the United States Code, ‘‘(ii) whether such debt is secured or unsecured, and ‘‘(iii) whether such debt is contingent or non- contingent, and ‘‘(D) the debtor’s statements of current expenses and income, and ‘‘(2) maintaining all calendars and dockets and pro- ducing all notices required to be sent in cases under title 11 of the United States Code. ‘‘(e) USE BY UNITED STATES TRUSTEES.—The elec- tronic case management system demonstrated under the project required by subsection (a) shall provide, at a minimum, the United States trustee in each district in which such system is operated with— ‘‘(1) complete electronic case files which contain, in addition to the information listed in subsection (d), records of case openings, case closings, hearings, and the filing of all motions, trustee appointments, plead- ings, and responses, as well as a record of the re- sponses by the United States trustee to those mo- tions, trustee appointments, and pleadings, ‘‘(2) a means to generate standardized forms for mo- tions, appointments, pleadings, and responses, ‘‘(3) a means to generate standard management re- ports and letters on an exception basis, ‘‘(4) a means to maintain accounting records, re- ports, and information required to be maintained by debtors in possession and trustees in cases under title 11 of the United States Code, ‘‘(5) a means to calculate and record distribution to creditors, final applications and orders for distribu- tion, and final case closing reports, and Page 247 TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE § 583 ‘‘(6) a means to monitor the payment of filing and other required fees. ‘‘(f) AVAILABILITY TO CERTAIN GOVERNMENTAL ENTI- TIES.—Unlimited access to information maintained in the electronic case management system demonstrated under the project required by subsection (a) shall be provided at no charge to the following: ‘‘(1) The Congress. ‘‘(2) The Executive Office for the United States Trustees. ‘‘(3) The Administrative Office of the United States Courts. ‘‘(4) The clerks of the courts in judicial districts in which such system is operated and persons who re- view case information, in accordance with section 107(a) of title 11, United States Code, in the offices of the clerks. ‘‘(5) The judges on the bankruptcy and district courts in districts in which such system is operated. ‘‘(6) Trustees in cases pending in districts in which such system is operated. ‘‘(g) FEES FOR OTHER USERS.—(1) The entity which is awarded a contract to provide the electronic case man- agement system demonstrated under this project may, under guidelines established by the Director of the Ex- ecutive Office for the United States Trustees in the provisions of such contract, collect reasonable fees from assets of the estate of the debtor in bankruptcy for providing notices and services to the court and trustees under the demonstration project. ‘‘(2) Access to information maintained in electronic case files pursuant to the demonstration project may be provided to persons other than those specified in subsection (f), but such access shall be limited to view- ing such information only. A reasonable charge for such access may be collected by the entity which is awarded a contract under this section, in accordance with the guidelines established by the Director of the Executive Office for the United States Trustees in such contract. A reasonable portion of any charge so col- lected may be required by the Director to be remitted to the Executive Office for United States Trustees and deposited in the United States Trustee System Fund established in section 589a of title 28, United States Code. ‘‘(h) SECURITY.—Access provided under subsection (f) to an entity or an individual shall be subject to such security limitations as may be imposed by the Congress or the head of the affected entity. ‘‘SEC. 311. CASES PENDING UNDER THE BANK- RUPTCY ACT. ‘‘At the end of one calendar year following the date the amendments made by subtitle A of title II of this Act [§§ 201 to 231 of Pub. L. 99–554, see Tables for classi- fication] take effect in a district in which any case is still pending under the Bankruptcy Act [see 11 U.S.C. notes prec. 101], the district court shall withdraw the reference of any such case and, after notice and a hear- ing, determine the status of the case. Such case shall be remanded to the bankruptcy judge with such in- structions as are necessary for the prompt closing of the case and with a requirement that a progress report on the case be provided by the bankruptcy judge after such interval as the district court deems appropriate.’’ EFFECTIVE DATE Chapter effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 402(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as a note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy. SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99–554, § 1, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3088, pro- vided: ‘‘That this Act [enacting section 589a of this title and section 307 and chapter 12 of Title 11, Bank- ruptcy, amending this section, sections 49, 96, 152, 156, 157, 526, 582, 584 to 587, 604, 1334, and 1930 of this title, sections 101 to 103, 105, 108, 109, 303, 321, 322, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 341, 343, 345 to 348, 362 to 365, 502, 503, 521 to 524, 546 to 549, 554, 557, 701, 703 to 707, 724, 726 to 728, 743, 1102, 1104 to 1106, 1112, 1121, 1129, 1163, 1202, 1302, 1306, 1307, and 1324 to 1326 of Title 11, Bankruptcy Form No. 1, re- pealing chapters 11 and 12 of Title 11, enacting provi- sions set out as notes under this section and section 589 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes pre- ceding this section and under section 152 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note preceding this section] may be cited as the ‘Bankruptcy Judges, United States Trustees, and Family Farmer Bank- ruptcy Act of 1986’.’’ BANKRUPTCY CRIMES Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1175, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3125, provided that: ‘‘The Director of the Executive Of- fice for United States Trustees shall prepare an annual report to the Congress detailing— ‘‘(1) the number and types of criminal referrals made by the United States Trustee Program; ‘‘(2) the outcomes of each criminal referral; ‘‘(3) for any year in which the number of criminal referrals is less than for the prior year, an expla- nation of the decrease; and ‘‘(4) the United States Trustee Program’s efforts to prevent bankruptcy fraud and abuse, particularly with respect to the establishment of uniform internal controls to detect common, higher risk frauds, such as a debtor’s failure to disclose all assets.’’ § 582. Assistant United States trustees (a) The Attorney General may appoint one or more assistant United States trustees in any re- gion when the public interest so requires. (b) Each assistant United States trustee is subject to removal by the Attorney General. (Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2663; amended Pub. L. 99–554, title I, § 111(d), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3091.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section 408(c) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, which provided for the repeal of this section and the deletion of any references to United States Trustees in this title at a prospective date, was repealed by section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–554. See note set out preceding section 581 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(d)(1), sub- stituted ‘‘region’’ for ‘‘district’’. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–554, § 111(d)(2), struck out ‘‘for cause’’ after ‘‘removal’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, see section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title. APPOINTMENT OF UNITED STATES TRUSTEES BY ATTORNEY GENERAL For sense of Congress concerning consideration of es- tate administrators under title 11 by the Attorney Gen- eral for appointment under this section as U.S. trustee and assistant U.S. trustee, see section 309 of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of this title. § 583. Oath of office Each United States trustee and assistant United States trustee, before taking office, shall take an oath to execute faithfully his duties. (Added Pub. L. 95–598, title II, § 224(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2663.)