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28 U.S.C. § 581 — United States trustees

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 581 — United States trustees

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-581-united-states-trustees--d1ef3b5b1c.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 39, § 581; chapter-039-united-states-trustees.md

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**(a)** The Attorney General shall appoint one United States trustee for each of the following regions composed of Federal judicial districts (without regard to section 451): (1) The judicial districts established for the States of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island. (2) The judicial districts established for the States of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont. (3) The judicial districts established for the States of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. (4) The judicial districts established for the States of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia and for the District of Columbia. (5) The judicial districts established for the States of Louisiana and Mississippi. (6) The Northern District of Texas and the Eastern District of Texas. (7) The Southern District of Texas and the Western District of Texas. (8) The judicial districts established for the States of Kentucky and Tennessee. (9) The judicial districts established for the States of Michigan and Ohio. (10) The Central District of Illinois and the Southern District of Illinois; and the judicial districts established for the State of Indiana. (11) The Northern District of Illinois; and the judicial districts established for the State of Wisconsin. (12) The judicial districts established for the States of Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, and South Dakota. (13) The judicial districts established for the States of Arkansas, Nebraska, and Missouri. (14) The District of Arizona. (15) The Southern District of California; and the judicial districts established for the State of Hawaii, and for Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. (16) The Central District of California. (17) The Eastern District of California and the Northern District of California; and the judicial district established for the State of Nevada. (18) The judicial districts established for the States of Alaska, Idaho (exclusive of Yellowstone National Park), Montana (exclusive of Yellowstone National Park), Oregon, and Washington. (19) The judicial districts established for the States of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming (including those portions of Yellowstone National Park situated in the States of Montana and Idaho). (20) The judicial districts established for the States of Kansas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. (21) The judicial districts established for the States of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia and for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands of the United States. **(b)** Each United States trustee shall be appointed for a term of five years. On the expiration of his term, a United States trustee shall continue to perform the duties of his office until his successor is appointed and qualifies. **(c)** Each United States trustee is subject to removal by the Attorney General.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 2075 — Bankruptcy rules

The Supreme Court shall have the power to prescribe by general rules, the forms of process, writs, pleadings, and motions, and the practice and procedure in cases under title 11.

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28 U.S.C. § 589 — Staff and other employees

The United States trustee may employ staff and other employees on approval of the Attorney General.

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11 U.S.C. § 101 — Definitions

In this title the following definitions shall apply: (1) The term “accountant” means accountant authorized under applicable law to practice public accounting, and includes professional accounting association, corporation, or partnership, if so authorized. (2) The term “affiliate” means— (A) entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities— (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (B) corporation 20 percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by the debtor, or by an entity that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote, 20 percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than an entity that holds such securities— (i) in a fiduciary or agency capacity without sole discretionary power to vote such securities; or (ii) solely to secure a debt, if such entity has not in fact exercised such power to vote; (C) person whose business is operated under a lease or operating agreement by a debtor, or person substantially all of whose property is operated under an operating agreement with the debtor; or (D) entity that operates the business or substantially all of the property of the debtor under a lease or operating agreement. (3) The term “assisted person” means any person whose debts consist primarily of consumer debts and the value of whose nonexempt property is less than $150,000.11 See Adjustment of Dollar Amounts not

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28 U.S.C. § 1930 — Bankruptcy fees

**(a)** The parties commencing a case under title 11 shall pay to the clerk of the district court or the clerk of the bankruptcy court, if one has been certified pursuant to [section 156(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section156/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the following filing fees: (1) For a case commenced under— (A) chapter 7 of title 11, $245, and (B) chapter 13 of title 11, $235. (2) For a case commenced under chapter 9 of title 11, equal to the fee specified in paragraph (3) for filing a case under chapter 11 of title 11. The amount by which the fee payable under this paragraph exceeds $300 shall be deposited in the fund established under [section 1931 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1931&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) For a case commenced under chapter 11 of title 11 that does not concern a railroad, as defined in [section 101 of title 11](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section101&num=0&edition=prelim), $1,167. (4) For a case commenced under chapter 11 of title 11 concerning a railroad, as so defined, $1,000. (5) For a case commenced under chapter 12 of title 11, $200. (6) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in addition to the filing fee paid to the clerk, a quarterly fee shall be paid to the United States trustee, for deposit in the Treasury, in each case under chapter 11 of title 11, other than under subchapter V, for each quarter (including any fraction thereof) until the case is converted or dismissed, whichever occurs first. The fee shall be $325 for each quarter in which disbursements total less than $15,000; $650 for each quarter in which disbursements total $15,000 or more but less than $75

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28 U.S.C. § 589a — United States Trustee System Fund

**(a)** There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United States a special fund to be known as the “United States Trustee System Fund” (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Fund”). Monies in the Fund shall be available to the Attorney General without fiscal year limitation in such amounts as may be specified in appropriations Acts for the following purposes in connection with the operations of United States trustees— (1) salaries and related employee benefits; (2) travel and transportation; (3) rental of space; (4) communication, utilities, and miscellaneous computer charges; (5) security investigations and audits; (6) supplies, books, and other materials for legal research; (7) furniture and equipment; (8) miscellaneous services, including those obtained by contract; and (9) printing. **(b)** For the purpose of recovering the cost of services of the United States Trustee System, there shall be deposited as offsetting collections to the appropriation “United States Trustee System Fund”, to remain available until expended, the following— (1) (A) 40.46 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(1)(A); and (B) 28.33 percent of the fees collected under section 1930(a)(1)(B); (2) 48.89 percent of the fees collected under [section 1930(a)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1930/a/3&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) one-half of the fees collected under [section 1930(a)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1930/a/4&num=0&edition=prelim); (4) one-half of the fees collected under [section 1930(a)(5) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1930/a/5&num=0&edition=prelim); (5)

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11 U.S.C. § 1202 — Trustee

**(a)** If the United States trustee has appointed an individual under [section 586(b) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section586/b&num=0&edition=prelim) to serve as standing trustee in cases under this chapter and if such individual qualifies as a trustee under [section 322 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section322&num=0&edition=prelim), then such individual shall serve as trustee in any case filed under this chapter. Otherwise, the United States trustee shall appoint one disinterested person to serve as trustee in the case or the United States trustee may serve as trustee in the case if necessary. **(b)** The trustee shall— (1) perform the duties specified in sections 704(a)(2), 704(a)(3), 704(a)(5), 704(a)(6), 704(a)(7), and 704(a)(9) of this title; (2) perform the duties specified in section 1106(a)(3) and 1106(a)(4) of this title if the court, for cause and on request of a party in interest, the trustee, or the United States trustee, so orders; (3) appear and be heard at any hearing that concerns— (A) the value of property subject to a lien; (B) confirmation of a plan; (C) modification of the plan after confirmation; or (D) the sale of property of the estate; (4) ensure that the debtor commences making timely payments required by a confirmed plan; (5) if the debtor ceases to be a debtor in possession, perform the duties specified in sections 704(a)(8), 1106(a)(1), 1106(a)(2), 1106(a)(6), 1106(a)(7), and 1203; and (6) if with respect to the debtor there is a claim for a domestic support obligation, provide the applicable notice specified in subsection (c). **(c)** (1) In a case described in subsection (b)(6) to which subsection (b)(6) applies,

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28 U.S.C. § 587 — Salaries

Subject to sections 5315 through 5317 of title 5, the Attorney General shall fix the annual salaries of United States trustees and assistant United States trustees at rates of compensation not in excess of the rate of basic compensation provided for Executive Level IV of the Executive Schedule set forth in [section 5315 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5315&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code.

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28 U.S.C. § 152 — Appointment of bankruptcy judges

**(a)** (1) Each bankruptcy judge to be appointed for a judicial district, as provided in paragraph (2), shall be appointed by the court of appeals of the United States for the circuit in which such district is located. Such appointments shall be made after considering the recommendations of the Judicial Conference submitted pursuant to subsection (b). Each bankruptcy judge shall be appointed for a term of fourteen years, subject to the provisions of subsection (e). However, upon the expiration of the term, a bankruptcy judge may, with the approval of the judicial council of the circuit, continue to perform the duties of the office until the earlier of the date which is 180 days after the expiration of the term or the date of the appointment of a successor. Bankruptcy judges shall serve as judicial officers of the United States district court established under Article III of the Constitution. (2) The bankruptcy judges appointed pursuant to this section shall be appointed for the several judicial districts as follows: DistrictsJudges Alabama: Northern5 Middle2 Southern2 Alaska2 Arizona7 Arkansas: Eastern and Western3 California: Northern9 Eastern6 Central21 Southern4 Colorado5 Connecticut3 Delaware1 District of Columbia1 Florida: Northern1 Middle8 Southern5 Georgia: Northern8 Middle3 Southern2 Hawaii1 Idaho2 Illinois: Northern10 Central3 Southern1 Indiana: Northern3 Southern4 Iowa: Northern2 Southern2 Kansas4 Kentucky: Eastern2 Western3 Louisiana: Eastern2 Middle1 Western3 Maine2 Maryland4 Massachusetts5 Michigan: Eastern4 Western3 Minnesota4 Mississippi: Northern1 Southern2 Missouri: Eastern3 Western3 Montana1 Nebraska2 Nevada3 New Hampshire1 New Jersey8 New Mexico2 New York: Northern2 Southern9 Eastern6 Western3 North Carolina: Eastern2 Middle2 Western2 North Dakota1

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28 U.S.C. § 586 — Duties; supervision by Attorney General

**(a)** Each United States trustee, within the region for which such United States trustee is appointed, shall— (1) establish, maintain, and supervise a panel of private trustees that are eligible and available to serve as trustees in cases under chapter 7 of title 11; (2) serve as and perform the duties of a trustee in a case under title 11 when required under title 11 to serve as trustee in such a case; (3) supervise the administration of cases and trustees in cases under chapter 7, 11 (including subchapter V of chapter 11), 12, 13, or 15 of title 11 by, whenever the United States trustee considers it to be appropriate— (A) (i) reviewing, in accordance with procedural guidelines adopted by the Executive Office of the United States Trustee (which guidelines shall be applied uniformly by the United States trustee except when circumstances warrant different treatment), applications filed for compensation and reimbursement under [section 330 of title 11](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section330&num=0&edition=prelim); and (ii) filing with the court comments with respect to such application and, if the United States Trustee considers it to be appropriate, objections to such application; (B) monitoring plans and disclosure statements filed in cases under chapter 11 of title 11 and filing with the court, in connection with hearings under sections 1125 and 1128 of such title, comments with respect to such plans and disclosure statements; (C) monitoring plans filed under chapters 12 and 13 of title 11 and filing with the court, in connection with hearings under sections 1224, 1229, 1324, and 1329 of such title, comments with respect to such plans; (D) taking such action as the United States trustee deems to be appr

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11 U.S.C. § 102 — Rules of construction

In this title— (1) “after notice and a hearing”, or a similar phrase— (A) means after such notice as is appropriate in the particular circumstances, and such opportunity for a hearing as is appropriate in the particular circumstances; but (B) authorizes an act without an actual hearing if such notice is given properly and if— (i) such a hearing is not requested timely by a party in interest; or (ii) there is insufficient time for a hearing to be commenced before such act must be done, and the court authorizes such act; (2) “claim against the debtor” includes claim against property of the debtor; (3) “includes” and “including” are not limiting; (4) “may not” is prohibitive, and not permissive; (5) “or” is not exclusive; (6) “order for relief” means entry of an order for relief; (7) the singular includes the plural; (8) a definition, contained in a section of this title that refers to another section of this title, does not, for the purpose of such reference, affect the meaning of a term used in such other section; and (9) “United States trustee” includes a designee of the United States trustee.

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