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7 U.S.C. § 5856 — Improvements to United States Drought
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1793
TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE
§§ 5901 to 5909
§ 5856. Improvements to United States Drought
Monitor
(a) In general
The Secretary shall coordinate with the Direc-
tor of the National Drought Mitigation Center
and the Administrator of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration to enhance the
collection of data to improve the accuracy of
the United States Drought Monitor.
(b) Utilization
To the maximum extent practicable, the Sec-
retary shall utilize a consistent source or
sources of data for programs that are based on
drought or precipitation indices, such as the
livestock forage disaster program established
under section 9081(c) of this title or policies or
plans of insurance established under the Federal
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
(c) Review
Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018,
the Secretary shall conduct a review of—
(1) the types of data currently utilized by
the United States Drought Monitor;
(2) the geographic coverage and density of
existing data collection sites; and
(3) other meteorological or climatological
data that is being collected by other Federal
agencies, State and local governments, and
non-Federal entities that could be utilized by
the United States Drought Monitor.
(d) Improvements
(1) In general
Upon the completion of the review pre-
scribed in subsection (c), the Secretary shall—
(A) seek to expand the collection of rel-
evant data in States or geographic areas
where coverage is currently lacking as com-
pared to other States or geographic areas;
and
(B) to the maximum extent practicable,
develop standards to allow the integration of
meteorological or climatological data into
the United States Drought Monitor derived
from—
(i) in-situ soil moisture profile meas-
uring devices;
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Page 1793
TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE
§§ 5901 to 5909
§ 5856. Improvements to United States Drought
Monitor
(a) In general
The Secretary shall coordinate with the Direc-
tor of the National Drought Mitigation Center
and the Administrator of the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration to enhance the
collection of data to improve the accuracy of
the United States Drought Monitor.
(b) Utilization
To the maximum extent practicable, the Sec-
retary shall utilize a consistent source or
sources of data for programs that are based on
drought or precipitation indices, such as the
livestock forage disaster program established
under section 9081(c) of this title or policies or
plans of insurance established under the Federal
Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
(c) Review
Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018,
the Secretary shall conduct a review of—
(1) the types of data currently utilized by
the United States Drought Monitor;
(2) the geographic coverage and density of
existing data collection sites; and
(3) other meteorological or climatological
data that is being collected by other Federal
agencies, State and local governments, and
non-Federal entities that could be utilized by
the United States Drought Monitor.
(d) Improvements
(1) In general
Upon the completion of the review pre-
scribed in subsection (c), the Secretary shall—
(A) seek to expand the collection of rel-
evant data in States or geographic areas
where coverage is currently lacking as com-
pared to other States or geographic areas;
and
(B) to the maximum extent practicable,
develop standards to allow the integration of
meteorological or climatological data into
the United States Drought Monitor derived
from—
(i) in-situ soil moisture profile meas-
uring devices;
(ii) citizen science (as defined in the
Crowdsourcing and Citizen Science Act (15
U.S.C. 3724)), including data from the Co-
operative Observer Program of the Na-
tional Weather Service; and
(iii) other Federal agencies, State and
local governments, and non-Federal enti-
ties.
(2) Authorization of appropriations
There is to be authorized to be appropriated
to the Secretary to carry out this subsection
$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through
2023.
(Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, § 12512, Dec. 20, 2018,
132 Stat. 4995.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The Federal Crop Insurance Act, referred to in sub-
sec. (b), is subtitle A of title V of act Feb. 16, 1938, ch.
30, 52 Stat. 72, which is classified generally to sub-
chapter I (§ 1501 et seq.) of chapter 36 of this title. For
complete classification of this Act to the Code, see sec-
tion 1501 of this title and Tables.
CODIFICATION
Section was enacted as part of the Agriculture Im-
provement Act of 2018, and not as part of subtitle C of
title XVI of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and
Trade Act of 1990 which comprises this subchapter.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
DEFINITION OF ‘‘SECRETARY’’
‘‘Secretary’’ means the Secretary of Agriculture, see
section 2 of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under sec-
tion 9001 of this title.
SUBCHAPTER
IV—RESEARCH
REGARDING
PRODUCTION,
PREPARATION,
PROC-
ESSING, HANDLING, AND STORAGE OF
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
§§ 5871 to 5874. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–127, title
VIII, § 861, Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174
Section 5871, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1644, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3751, provided for establishment of re-
search and grant program.
Section 5872, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1645, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3752, related to advisory committee and
grant process.
Section 5873, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1646, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3753, provided for reports to Congress.
Section 5874, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1647, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3754, provided for appropriations for re-
search and grant program.
SUBCHAPTER V—PLANT AND ANIMAL
PEST AND DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM
§§ 5881 to 5885. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–127, title
VIII, § 862(a), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1174
Section 5881, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1650, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3754, related to plant and animal pest and
disease control program.
Section 5882, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1651, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3754, related to pest and disease control
data base and pesticide resistance monitoring.
Section 5883, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1652, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3755; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, § 407(8), Dec.
13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1865, related to research on control
and eradication of exotic pests.
Section 5884, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1653, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3755, provided for study of biology and be-
havior of chinch bugs.
Section 5885, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1654, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3756, authorized appropriations for plant,
pest, and disease control program.
SUBCHAPTER VI—ALTERNATIVE AGRICUL-
TURAL RESEARCH AND COMMERCIALIZA-
TION
§§ 5901 to 5909. Repealed. Pub. L. 107–171, title
VI, § 6201(a), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 418
Section 5901, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1657, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3756; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, § 721, Apr.
4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1112, provided that this subchapter
may be cited as the ‘‘Alternative Agricultural Research
and Commercialization Act of 1990’’ and specified pur-
pose of and definitions relating to this subchapter.
Section 5902, Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1658, Nov. 28,
1990, 104 Stat. 3757; Pub. L. 102–237, title IV, § 405(a), Dec.
13, 1991, 105 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, § 722(a),
Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1113, created the Alternative Agri-
cultural Research and Commercialization Corporation.
Cross-references
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Crowdsourcing and Citizen Science Act”.
**(b) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) the authority granted to Federal agencies under the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–358; 124 Stat. 3982) to pursue the use of incentive prizes and challenges has yielded numerous benefits;
(2) crowdsourcing and citizen science projects have a number of additional unique benefits, including accelerating scientific research, increasing cost effectiveness to maximize the return on taxpayer dollars, addressing societal needs, providing hands-on learning in STEM, and connecting members of the public directly to Federal science agency missions and to each other; and
(3) granting Federal science agencies the direct, explicit authority to use crowdsourcing and citizen science will encourage its appropriate use to advance Federal science agency missions and stimulate and facilitate broader public participation in the innovation process, yielding numerous benefits to the Federal Government and citizens who participate in such projects.
**(c) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Citizen science** — The term “citizen science” means a form of open collaboration in which individuals or organizations participate voluntarily in the scientific process in various ways, including—
(A) enabling the formulation of research questions;
(B) creating and refining project design;
(C) conducting scientific experiments;
(D) collecting and analyzing data;
(E) interpreting the results of data;
(F) developing technologies and applications;
(G) making discoveries; and
(H) solving problems.
(2) **Crowdsourcing** — The term “crowdsourcing” means a method to obtain needed services, ideas, o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3724
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2081
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 3724
(A) is a nonprofit organization, an institu-
tion of higher education, a public-private
partnership, a science or research park, a
Federal laboratory, or an economic develop-
ment organization or similar entity; and
(B) has an application that is supported by
a State, a political subdivision of a State, or
a native organization; or
(5) a consortium of any of the entities de-
scribed in paragraphs (1) through (5).
(c) Needs assessment grants
The Secretary of Commerce may provide a
grant to an eligible recipient to conduct a needs
assessment to identify—
(1) the unmet need of a region’s employer
base for skilled STEM workers;
(2) the potential of STEM apprenticeships to
address the unmet need described in paragraph
(1); and
(3) any barriers to addressing the unmet
need described in paragraph (1).
(d) Apprenticeship expansion grants
The Secretary of Commerce may provide a
grant to an eligible recipient that has conducted
a needs assessment as described in subsection
(c)(1) to develop infrastructure to expand STEM
apprenticeship programs.
(Pub. L. 96–480, § 30, formerly § 28, as added Pub.
L. 114–329, title III, § 312(e), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat.
3014; renumbered § 30, Pub. L. 117–167, div. B,
title VI, § 10621(a)(1), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1642.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
DEVELOPING STEM APPRENTICESHIPS
Pub. L. 114–329, title III, § 312(a)–(d), Jan. 6, 2017, 130
Stat. 3013, 3014, provided that:
‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find-
ings:
‘‘(1) The lack of data on the return on investment
for United States employers using registered appren-
ticeships makes it difficult—
‘‘(A) to communicate the value of these programs
to businesses; and
‘‘(B) to expand registered appren
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 3724
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This subchapter may be cited as the “Federal Crop Insurance Act”. Except as otherwise expressly provided the provisions in titles I to IV, inclusive, shall not apply with respect to this subchapter, and the term “Act” wherever it appears in such titles shall not be construed to include this subchapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 1501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 796
TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE
§ 1501
SUBCHAPTER I—FEDERAL CROP
INSURANCE
§ 1501. Short title and application of other provi-
sions
This subchapter may be cited as the ‘‘Federal
Crop Insurance Act’’. Except as otherwise ex-
pressly provided the provisions in titles I to IV,
inclusive, shall not apply with respect to this
subchapter, and the term ‘‘Act’’ wherever it ap-
pears in such titles shall not be construed to in-
clude this subchapter.
(Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 501, 52 Stat. 72;
Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, § 12033(c), May 22, 2008,
122 Stat. 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XII,
§ 12033(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2167.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
‘‘Titles I to IV, inclusive,’’ and ‘‘such titles’’, referred
to in text, are references to titles I to IV of act Feb. 16,
1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, known as the Agricultural Ad-
justment Act of 1938, which is classified principally to
chapter 35 (§ 1281 et seq.) of this title. For complete
classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281
of this title and Tables.
CODIFICATION
Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical
amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub.
L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L.
110–246.
AMENDMENTS
2008—Pub. L. 110–246, § 12033(c), inserted section catch-
line and substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ wher-
ever appearing in text.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L.
110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the
date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of
Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under
section 8701 of this title.
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT
Pub. L. 106–224, title I, §
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 7 U.S.C. § 1501
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 7 U.S.C. § 1501. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall coordinate with the Director of the National Drought Mitigation Center and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to enhance the collection of data to improve the accuracy of the United States Drought Monitor.
**(b) Utilization** To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall utilize a consistent source or sources of data for programs that are based on drought or precipitation indices, such as the livestock forage disaster program established under [section 9081(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section9081/c&num=0&edition=prelim) or policies or plans of insurance established under the Federal Crop Insurance Act ([7 U.S.C. 1501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1501&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
**(c) Review** Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018, the Secretary shall conduct a review of—
(1) the types of data currently utilized by the United States Drought Monitor;
(2) the geographic coverage and density of existing data collection sites; and
(3) other meteorological or climatological data that is being collected by other Federal agencies, State and local governments, and non-Federal entities that could be utilized by the United States Drought Monitor.
**(d) Improvements**
(1) **In general** — Upon the completion of the review prescribed in subsection (c), the Secretary shall—
(A) seek to expand the collection of relevant data in States or geographic areas where coverage is currently lacking as compared to other States or geographic areas; and
(B) to the maximum extent practicable, develop standards to allow the integration of meteorological or climatological data into the U
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 5856
Stored review status: release_metadata_unconfirmed. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.