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7 U.S.C. § 5856 — Improvements to United States Drought Monitor

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 5856 — Improvements to United States Drought Monitor

**(a) In general** The Secretary shall coordinate with the Director of the National Drought Mitigation Center and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to enhance the collection of data to improve the accuracy of the United States Drought Monitor. **(b) Utilization** To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall utilize a consistent source or sources of data for programs that are based on drought or precipitation indices, such as the livestock forage disaster program established under [section 9081(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section9081/c&num=0&edition=prelim) or policies or plans of insurance established under the Federal Crop Insurance Act ([7 U.S.C. 1501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1501&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). **(c) Review** Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018, the Secretary shall conduct a review of— (1) the types of data currently utilized by the United States Drought Monitor; (2) the geographic coverage and density of existing data collection sites; and (3) other meteorological or climatological data that is being collected by other Federal agencies, State and local governments, and non-Federal entities that could be utilized by the United States Drought Monitor. **(d) Improvements** (1) **In general** — Upon the completion of the review prescribed in subsection (c), the Secretary shall— (A) seek to expand the collection of relevant data in States or geographic areas where coverage is currently lacking as compared to other States or geographic areas; and (B) to the maximum extent practicable, develop standards to allow the integration of meteorological or climatological data into the U

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-7/section-5856-improvements-to-united-states-drought-monitor--fec4af2294.md
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Source location: Title 7, Chapter 88, § 5856; chapter-088-research.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 3724 — Crowdsourcing and citizen science

**(a) Short title** This section may be cited as the “Crowdsourcing and Citizen Science Act”. **(b) Sense of Congress** It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the authority granted to Federal agencies under the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–358; 124 Stat. 3982) to pursue the use of incentive prizes and challenges has yielded numerous benefits; (2) crowdsourcing and citizen science projects have a number of additional unique benefits, including accelerating scientific research, increasing cost effectiveness to maximize the return on taxpayer dollars, addressing societal needs, providing hands-on learning in STEM, and connecting members of the public directly to Federal science agency missions and to each other; and (3) granting Federal science agencies the direct, explicit authority to use crowdsourcing and citizen science will encourage its appropriate use to advance Federal science agency missions and stimulate and facilitate broader public participation in the innovation process, yielding numerous benefits to the Federal Government and citizens who participate in such projects. **(c) Definitions** In this section: (1) **Citizen science** — The term “citizen science” means a form of open collaboration in which individuals or organizations participate voluntarily in the scientific process in various ways, including— (A) enabling the formulation of research questions; (B) creating and refining project design; (C) conducting scientific experiments; (D) collecting and analyzing data; (E) interpreting the results of data; (F) developing technologies and applications; (G) making discoveries; and (H) solving problems. (2) **Crowdsourcing** — The term “crowdsourcing” means a method to obtain needed services, ideas, o

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 1501 — Short title and application of other provisions

This subchapter may be cited as the “Federal Crop Insurance Act”. Except as otherwise expressly provided the provisions in titles I to IV, inclusive, shall not apply with respect to this subchapter, and the term “Act” wherever it appears in such titles shall not be construed to include this subchapter.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 9001 — Implementation

**(a) Maintenance of base acres and payment yields** The Secretary shall maintain, for each covered commodity and upland cotton, base acres and payment yields on a farm established under sections 8702 and 8751 of this title, as adjusted pursuant to sections 8711, 8712, 8718, and 8752 of this title, as in effect on September 30, 2013, and as adjusted pursuant to sections 9012 and 9013 of this title. **(b) Streamlining** In implementing this chapter and the amendments made by this title,11 See References in Text note below. the Secretary shall— (1) continue to reduce administrative burdens and costs to producers by streamlining and reducing paperwork, forms, and other administrative requirements, to ensure that— (A) a producer (or an agent of a producer) may report information, electronically (including geospatial data) or conventionally, to the Department of Agriculture, subject to the Secretary— (i) establishing reasonable levels of tolerance that reflect the differences in accuracy between measures of common land units and geospatial data; and (ii) ensuring that discrepancies that occur within the levels of tolerance established under clause (i) shall not be used to penalize a producer (or an agent of a producer) under any program administered by the Department of Agriculture; (B) on the request of a producer (or an agent of a producer), the Department of Agriculture electronically shares with the producer (or agent) in real time and without cost to the producer (or agent) the common land unit data, related farm level data, conservation practices, and other information of the producer through a single Department of Agriculture-wide login; (C) not later than September 30, 2020, the Administrator of the Risk Management Agency and the Administrator of

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

15 U.S.C. § 3724 — Crowdsourcing and citizen science

Page 2081 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 3724 (A) is a nonprofit organization, an institu- tion of higher education, a public-private partnership, a science or research park, a Federal laboratory, or an economic develop- ment organization or similar entity; and (B) has an application that is supported by a State, a political subdivision of a State, or a native organization; or (5) a consortium of any of the entities de- scribed in paragraphs (1) through (5). (c) Needs assessment grants The Secretary of Commerce may provide a grant to an eligible recipient to conduct a needs assessment to identify— (1) the unmet need of a region’s employer base for skilled STEM workers; (2) the potential of STEM apprenticeships to address the unmet need described in paragraph (1); and (3) any barriers to addressing the unmet need described in paragraph (1). (d) Apprenticeship expansion grants The Secretary of Commerce may provide a grant to an eligible recipient that has conducted a needs assessment as described in subsection (c)(1) to develop infrastructure to expand STEM apprenticeship programs. (Pub. L. 96–480, § 30, formerly § 28, as added Pub. L. 114–329, title III, § 312(e), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat. 3014; renumbered § 30, Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title VI, § 10621(a)(1), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1642.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries DEVELOPING STEM APPRENTICESHIPS Pub. L. 114–329, title III, § 312(a)–(d), Jan. 6, 2017, 130 Stat. 3013, 3014, provided that: ‘‘(a) FINDINGS.—Congress makes the following find- ings: ‘‘(1) The lack of data on the return on investment for United States employers using registered appren- ticeships makes it difficult— ‘‘(A) to communicate the value of these programs to businesses; and ‘‘(B) to expand registered appren

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 1501 — Short title and application of other provi-

Page 796 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE § 1501 SUBCHAPTER I—FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE § 1501. Short title and application of other provi- sions This subchapter may be cited as the ‘‘Federal Crop Insurance Act’’. Except as otherwise ex- pressly provided the provisions in titles I to IV, inclusive, shall not apply with respect to this subchapter, and the term ‘‘Act’’ wherever it ap- pears in such titles shall not be construed to in- clude this subchapter. (Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 501, 52 Stat. 72; Pub. L. 110–234, title XII, § 12033(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1405; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title XII, § 12033(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2167.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT ‘‘Titles I to IV, inclusive,’’ and ‘‘such titles’’, referred to in text, are references to titles I to IV of act Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, 52 Stat. 31, known as the Agricultural Ad- justment Act of 1938, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§ 1281 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1281 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246. AMENDMENTS 2008—Pub. L. 110–246, § 12033(c), inserted section catch- line and substituted ‘‘subchapter’’ for ‘‘chapter’’ wher- ever appearing in text. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2000 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 106–224, title I, §

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

7 U.S.C. § 5856 — Improvements to United States Drought

Page 1793 TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE §§ 5901 to 5909 § 5856. Improvements to United States Drought Monitor (a) In general The Secretary shall coordinate with the Direc- tor of the National Drought Mitigation Center and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to enhance the collection of data to improve the accuracy of the United States Drought Monitor. (b) Utilization To the maximum extent practicable, the Sec- retary shall utilize a consistent source or sources of data for programs that are based on drought or precipitation indices, such as the livestock forage disaster program established under section 9081(c) of this title or policies or plans of insurance established under the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.). (c) Review Not later than 1 year after December 20, 2018, the Secretary shall conduct a review of— (1) the types of data currently utilized by the United States Drought Monitor; (2) the geographic coverage and density of existing data collection sites; and (3) other meteorological or climatological data that is being collected by other Federal agencies, State and local governments, and non-Federal entities that could be utilized by the United States Drought Monitor. (d) Improvements (1) In general Upon the completion of the review pre- scribed in subsection (c), the Secretary shall— (A) seek to expand the collection of rel- evant data in States or geographic areas where coverage is currently lacking as com- pared to other States or geographic areas; and (B) to the maximum extent practicable, develop standards to allow the integration of meteorological or climatological data into the United States Drought Monitor derived from— (i) in-situ soil moisture profile meas- uring devices;

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