22 U.S.C. § 2453 — Agreements with foreign governments

Page 966 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2453 1 See References in Text note below. make grants to United States-sponsored elemen- tary and secondary schools in countries with predominantly Muslim populations for the pur- pose of providing full or partial merit-based scholarships to students from lower-income and middle-income families of such countries to at- tend such schools. (d) Determination of eligible students For purposes of the program, a United States- sponsored elementary and secondary school that receives a grant under the program may estab- lish criteria to be implemented by such school to determine what constitutes lower-income and middle-income families in the country (or re- gion of the country, if regional variations in in- come levels in the country are significant) in which such school is located. (e) Restriction on use of funds Amounts appropriated to the Secretary of State pursuant to the authorization of appro- priations in subsection (h) shall be used for the sole purpose of making grants under this sec- tion, and may not be used for the administration of the Office of Overseas Schools of the Depart- ment of State or for any other activity of the Office. (f) Voluntary participation Nothing in this section shall be construed to require participation in the program by a United States-sponsored elementary or secondary school in a predominantly Muslim country. (g) Report Not later than April 15, 2006, and April 15, 2008, the Secretary of State shall submit to the Com- mittee on International Relations of the House of Representatives and the Committee on For- eign Relations of the Senate a report on the pro- gram. The report shall assess the success of the program, examine any obstacles encountered in its implementation, and address whether it should be continued, and if so, provide rec- ommendations to increase its effectiveness. (h) Funding There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of State for each of the fiscal years 2007 and 2008, unless otherwise authorized by Congress, such sums as necessary to implement the program under this section. (Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, § 7113, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3797; Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, § 2014(b)(1), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 512.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section was formerly set out as a note under section 2452 of this title. Section was enacted as part of the Intelligence Re- form and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, and also as part of the 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004, and not as part of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 which comprises this chapter. AMENDMENTS 2007—Pub. L. 110–53, § 2014(b)(1)(A), struck out ‘‘Pilot’’ before ‘‘Program’’ in section catchline. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–53, § 2014(b)(1)(B), struck out ‘‘Pilot’’ before ‘‘Program’’ in heading and ‘‘pilot’’ be- fore ‘‘program’’ in text. Subsecs. (d), (f). Pub. L. 110–53, § 2014(b)(1)(C), (D), struck out ‘‘pilot’’ before ‘‘program’’ wherever appear- ing. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–53, § 2014(b)(1)(E), inserted ‘‘and April 15, 2008,’’ before ‘‘the Secretary’’ and struck out ‘‘pilot’’ before ‘‘program’’. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–53, § 2014(b)(1)(F), substituted ‘‘2007 and 2008’’ for ‘‘2005 and 2006’’ and struck out ‘‘pilot’’ before ‘‘program’’. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries CHANGE OF NAME Committee on International Relations of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Foreign Af- fairs of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. FINDINGS Pub. L. 110–53, title XX, § 2014(a), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 512, provided that: ‘‘Congress finds the following: ‘‘(1) Section 7113 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–458; 22 U.S.C. 2452 note [now 22 U.S.C. 2452c]) authorized the establishment of a pilot program to provide grants to American-sponsored schools in predomi- nantly Muslim countries so that such schools could provide scholarships to young people from lower-in- come and middle-income families in such countries to attend such schools, where they could improve their English and be exposed to a modern education. ‘‘(2) Since the date of the enactment of that section [Dec. 17, 2004], the Middle East Partnership Initiative has pursued implementation of that program.’’ § 2453. Agreements with foreign governments and international organizations (a) Authorization The Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized to enter into agreements with foreign governments and international or- ganizations, in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter. In such agreements the Director of the United States Information Agency is au- thorized, when he deems it in the public inter- est, to seek the agreement of the other govern- ments concerned to cooperate and assist, includ- ing making use of funds placed in special ac- counts pursuant to agreements concluded in ac- cordance with section 1513(b)(6) 1 of this title, or any similar agreements, in providing for the ac- tivities authorized in section 2452 of this title, and particularly those authorized in subsection (a)(1) of said section 2452, with respect to the ex- penses of international transportation of their own citizens and nationals and of activities in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter car- ried on within the borders of such other nations. (b) Creation or continuation of binational or multinational educational and cultural foun- dations and commissions Such agreements may also provide for the cre- ation or continuation of binational or multi- national educational and cultural foundations and commissions for the purpose of admin- istering programs in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter. (c) United States participation in programs In such agreements with international organi- zations, the Director of the United States Infor- Page 967 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 2454 mation Agency may provide for equitable United States participation in and support for, including a reasonable share of the cost of, edu- cational and cultural programs to be adminis- tered by such organizations. (Pub. L. 87–256, § 103, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 529; 1977 Reorg. Plan No. 2, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 97–241, title III, § 303(b), Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning Pub. L. 87–256, Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 527, known as the Mutual Edu- cational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2451 of this title and Tables. Section 1513(b)(6) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a), was repealed by act Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937, title V, § 542(a), 68 Stat. 861. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS United States Information Agency (other than Broad- casting Board of Governors and International Broad- casting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of this title. ‘‘Director of the United States Information Agen- cy’’ substituted for ‘‘Director of the International Com- munication Agency’’ in subsecs. (a) and (c), pursuant to section 303(b) of Pub. L. 97–241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of this title. Previously, ‘‘Director of the International Com- munication Agency’’ substituted for ‘‘President’’ in subsecs. (a) and (c), pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, § 7(a)(2), 42 F.R. 62461, 91 Stat. 1637, set out under section 1461 of this title, effective on or before July 1, 1978, at such time as specified by President, which transferred functions vested in President, Secretary of State, Department of State, United States Information Agency or Director thereof, under this chapter, to Di- rector of International Communication Agency, except (A) for such functions as are vested by sections 2452(b)(6), (10), 2454(a), (e)(1), (2), (f), (g), 2455(a), (b), (c), 2456(a) and 2458 of this title, (B) for such functions as are vested by sections 2454(b), 2455(d)(2), (f), and 2456(d), (f) of this title, to the extent that such functions were assigned to Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel- fare [now Secretary of Education] immediately prior to effective date of Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1977, and (C) for such functions as are vested by section 2456(b), (c) of this title to the extent that any such function therein is vested in President or Secretary of State. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of State, see Ex. Ord. No. 11034, June 25, 1962, 27 F.R. 6071, set out as a note under section 2454 of this title. § 2454. Administration (a) Delegation of powers; submission of proposal for delegation to Congress The President may delegate, to such officers of the Government as he determines to be appro- priate, any of the powers conferred upon him by this chapter to the extent that he finds such del- egation to be in the interest of the purposes ex- pressed in this chapter and the efficient admin- istration of the programs undertaken pursuant to this chapter: Provided, That where the Presi- dent has delegated any of such powers to any of- ficer, before the President implements any pro- posal for the delegation of any of such powers to another officer, that proposal shall be submitted to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and thereafter a period of not less than sixty days shall have elapsed while Con- gress is in session. In computing such sixty days, there shall be excluded the days on which either House is not in session because of an ad- journment of more than three days. (b) Employment of personnel The President is authorized to employ such other personnel as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions and purposes of this chapter, and of such personnel not to exceed ten may be compensated without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, but not in excess of the highest rate of grade 18 of the General Schedule. Such positions shall be in addition to the number authorized by section 5108 of title 5. (c) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–465, title II, § 2205(7), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160 (d) Extension of benefits For the purpose of performing functions under this chapter outside the United States, the Di- rector of the United States Information Agency is authorized to provide that any person em- ployed or assigned by a United States Govern- ment agency shall be entitled, except to the ex- tent that the Director of the United States In- formation Agency may specify otherwise in cases in which the period of employment or as- signment exceeds thirty months, to the same benefits as are provided by section 3950 of this title for individuals appointed to the Foreign Service. (e) Grants; use of funds, counseling service; pub- licity and promotion abroad (1) In providing for the activities and inter- changes authorized by section 2452 of this title, grants may be made to or for individuals, either directly or through foundations or educational or other institutions, which foundations or in- stitutions are public or private nonprofit, and may include funds for tuition and other nec- essary incidental expenses, for travel expenses from their places of residence and return for themselves, and, whenever it would further the purposes of this chapter, for the dependent members of their immediate families, for health and accident insurance premiums, emergency medical expenses, costs of preparing and trans- porting to their former homes the remains of any of such persons who may die while away from their homes as participants or dependents of participants in any program under this chap- ter, and for per diem in lieu of subsistence at rates prescribed by the Director of the United States Information Agency, for all such persons, and for such other expenses as are necessary for the successful accomplishment of the purposes of this chapter. (2) Funds available for programs under this chapter may be used (i) to provide for orienta-