42 U.S.C. § 18642 — Advanced scientific computing research

Page 9173 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18642 to enable the design, discovery, and devel- opment of new materials and chemical sys- tems; and (ii) focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of exascale and other high performance computing under- pinned by accelerated node technologies. (B) Selection The Director shall select centers under subparagraph (A) on a competitive, merit-re- viewed basis. The Director shall consider ap- plications from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, multi-insti- tutional collaborations, and other appro- priate entities. (C) Duration (i) New centers A center selected under subparagraph (A) shall receive support for a period of not more than 5 years beginning on the date of establishment of that center, subject to the availability of appropriations. (ii) Existing centers A center already in existence on August 9, 2022, may continue to receive support for a period of not more than 5 years begin- ning on the date of establishment of that center. (D) Renewal Upon the expiration of any period of sup- port of a center under this subsection, the Director may renew support for the center, on a merit-reviewed basis, for a period of not more than 5 years. (i) Materials research database (1) In general The Director shall support the development of a web-based platform to develop and provide access to a database of computed information on known and predicted materials properties and computational tools to accelerate break- throughs in materials discovery and design. (2) Program In carrying out this subsection, the Director shall— (A) conduct cooperative research among National Laboratories, industry, academia, and other research institutions to advance understanding, prediction, and manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of novel materials; (B) develop and maintain data infrastruc- ture at user facilities that generate data to collect, analyze, label, and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database; (C) leverage existing high performance computing systems to conduct high through- put calculations, and develop computational and data mining algorithms for the pre- diction of material properties; (D) strengthen the foundation for new technologies and advanced manufacturing; and (E) drive the development of advanced ma- terials for applications that span the De- partment’s missions in energy, environment, and national security. (3) Coordination In carrying out this subsection, the Director shall leverage programs and activities across the Department, including computational ma- terials and chemical sciences centers estab- lished under subsection (h). (4) Funding Out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (j), there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out ac- tivities under this subsection $10,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (j) Authorization of appropriations Out of funds authorized to be appropriated to the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this sec- tion— (1) $2,685,414,000 for fiscal year 2023; (2) $2,866,890,840 for fiscal year 2024; (3) $2,987,727,170 for fiscal year 2025; (4) $3,062,732,781 for fiscal year 2026; and (5) $3,080,067,167 for fiscal year 2027. (Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 303, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3140; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1409.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION Section is comprised of section 303 of Pub. L. 115–246. Subsecs. (f) and (g) of section 303 of Pub. L. 115–246 gen- erally amended sections 16313 and 16315 of this title, re- spectively, and amended the table of contents for the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Originally, only subsecs. (a) to (c) of section 303 of Pub. L. 115–246 were classified to this section, but the amendments made by Pub. L. 117–167 prompted the reclassification of all of section 303 to this section, with the omission of subsecs. (f) and (g). See 2022 Amendment notes below. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(a)(1), (2), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (a) and (b) as (c) and (d), respectively. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (f). Subsec. (d)(3)(D), (E). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(a)(3)(A), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E). Subsec. (d)(4) to (11). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(a)(3)(B), added pars. (4) to (11). Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(a)(1), redes- ignated subsec. (c) and omitted subsecs. (d) and (e) as (e) to (g), respectively. Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(a)(4), added subsecs. (h) to (j). § 18642. Advanced scientific computing research (a) In general As part of the activities authorized under sec- tion 7139 of this title, the Director shall carry out, in coordination with academia and relevant public and private sector entities, a research, development, and demonstration program— (1) to steward applied mathematics, com- putational science, and computer science re- search relevant to the missions of the Depart- ment and the competitiveness of the United States; (2) to develop modeling, simulation, and other computational tools relevant to other Page 9174 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18642 1 See References in Text note below. scientific disciplines and to the development of new energy technologies and other tech- nologies; (3) to advance computing and networking ca- pabilities for data-driven discovery; and (4) to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and software tools for science and engineering. (b) Omitted (c) High-performance computing and networking research (1) Director The Director shall support research in high- performance computing and networking rel- evant to energy applications, including mod- eling, simulation, and advanced data analytics for basic and applied energy research pro- grams carried out by the Secretary. (2) Coordination The Under Secretary for Science shall en- sure the coordination of the activities of the Department, including activities under this section, to determine and meet the computa- tional and networking research and facility needs of the Office of Science and all other rel- evant energy technology and energy efficiency programs within the Department and with other Federal agencies as appropriate. (d) Applied mathematics and software develop- ment for high-end computing systems and computer sciences research (1) In general The Director shall carry out activities to de- velop, test, and support— (A) mathematics, statistics, and algo- rithms for modeling complex systems rel- evant to the missions of the Department, in- cluding on advanced computing architec- tures; and (B) tools, languages, programming envi- ronments, and operations for high-end com- puting systems (as defined in section 5541 of title 15). (2) Portfolio balance (A) In general The Director shall maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific com- puting research and development program established under section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16316) 1 that sup- ports robust investment in— (i) applied mathematical, computa- tional, and computer sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the De- partment, including foundational areas that are critical to the advancement of en- ergy sciences and technologies and new and emerging computing technologies; and (ii) associated high-performance com- puting hardware and facilities. (B) Exascale ecosystem sustainment (i) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that the Exascale Computing Project has success- fully created a broad ecosystem that pro- vides shared software packages, novel evaluation systems, and applications rel- evant to the science and engineering re- quirements of the Department, and that such products must be maintained and im- proved in order that the full potential of the deployed systems can be continuously realized. (ii) Sustainment The Secretary shall seek to sustain and evolve the ecosystem described in clause (i) to ensure that the exascale software stack and other research software will con- tinue to be maintained, hardened, and oth- erwise optimized for long-term use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable availability to the user community. (e) Advanced computing program (1) In general The Secretary shall establish a program to develop and implement a strategy for achiev- ing computing systems with capabilities be- yond exascale computing systems. In estab- lishing this program, the Secretary shall— (A) maintain foundational research pro- grams in mathematical, computational, and computer sciences focused on new and emerging computing needs within the mis- sion of the Department, including post- Moore’s law computing architectures, novel approaches to modeling and simulation, ar- tificial intelligence and scientific machine learning, quantum computing, edge com- puting, extreme heterogeneity, including po- tential quantum accelerators, and distrib- uted high-performance computing; (B) retain best practices and maintain sup- port for essential hardware, applications, and software elements of the Exascale Com- puting Program that are necessary for sus- taining the vitality of a long-term capable software ecosystem for exascale and beyond; and (C) develop a Department-wide strategy for balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data management. (2) Report Not later than 1 year after August 9, 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Sen- ate a report on the development and imple- mentation of the strategy described in para- graph (1). (f) Guidance on mitigation of bias in high-per- formance computing capabilities In leveraging high-performance computing systems for research purposes, including through the use of machine learning algorithms for data analysis and artificial intelligence, the Secretary shall issue, and ensure adherence to, guidance for the Department, the National Lab- oratories, and users as to how those capabilities should be employed in a manner that mitigates and, to the maximum extent practicable, avoids harmful algorithmic bias. Page 9175 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18642 (g) Architectural research in heterogeneous com- puting systems (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out a program of research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to ex- pand understanding of the potential for het- erogeneous and reconfigurable computing sys- tems to deliver high performance, high effi- ciency computing for Department mission challenges. The program shall include re- search and development that explores the con- vergence of big data analytics, simulations, and artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogeneous computing system architec- tures. (2) Coordination In carrying out the program described in paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure co- ordination between research activities under- taken by the Advanced Scientific Computing Research program and materials research sup- ported by the Basic Energy Sciences program within the Office of Science. (h) Energy efficient computing program (1) In general The Secretary shall support a program of fundamental research, development, and dem- onstration of energy efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to advanced computing applications, including high-per- formance computing, artificial intelligence, and scientific machine learning. (2) Execution (A) Program In carrying out the program under para- graph (1), the Secretary shall— (i) establish a partnership for National Laboratories, industry partners, and insti- tutions of higher education for codesign of energy efficient hardware, technology, software, and applications across all appli- cable program offices of the Department, and provide access to energy efficient com- puting resources to such partners; (ii) develop hardware and software tech- nologies that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices, including through data center codesign; (iii) consider multiple heterogeneous computing architectures in collaboration with the program established under sub- section (g), including neuromorphic com- puting, persistent computing, and ultrafast networking; and (iv) provide, as appropriate, on a com- petitive, merit-reviewed basis, access for researchers from institutions of higher education, National Laboratories, indus- try, and other Federal agencies to the en- ergy efficient computing technologies de- veloped pursuant to clause (i). (B) Selection of partners In selecting participants for the partner- ship established under subparagraph (A)(i), the Secretary shall select participants through a competitive, merit review process. (C) Report Not later than 1 year after August 9, 2022, the Secretary shall submit to the Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Com- mittee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report on— (i) the activities conducted under sub- paragraph (A); and (ii) the coordination and management of the program under subparagraph (A) to en- sure an integrated research program across the Department. (i) Energy Sciences Network (1) In general The Secretary shall provide for upgrades to the Energy Sciences Network user facility in order to meet the research needs of the De- partment for highly reliable data transport ca- pabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science. (2) Capabilities In carrying out paragraph (1), the Secretary shall ensure the following capabilities: (A) To provide high bandwidth scientific networking across the continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean. (B) To ensure network reliability. (C) To protect the network infrastructure from cyberattacks. (D) To manage transport of exponentially increasing levels of data from the Depart- ment’s National Laboratories and sites, user facilities, experiments, and sensors. (E) To contribute to the integration of het- erogeneous computing frameworks and sys- tems. (j) Computational Science Graduate Fellowship (1) In general The Secretary shall support the Computa- tional Science Graduate Fellowship program in order to facilitate collaboration between graduate students and researchers at the Na- tional Laboratories, and contribute to the de- velopment of a diverse and inclusive computa- tional workforce to help advance research in all areas of computational science relevant to the mission of the Department, including quantum computing. (2) Funding Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the Advanced Scientific Computing Re- search Program, there are authorized to be ap- propriated to the Secretary for carrying out activities under this subsection— (A) $15,750,000 for fiscal year 2023; (B) $16,537,500 for fiscal year 2024; (C) $17,364,375 for fiscal year 2025; (D) $18,232,594 for fiscal year 2026; and (E) $19,144,223 for fiscal year 2027. (k) Authorization of appropriations Out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the Office of Science in a fiscal year, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the activities described in this sec- tion— (1) $1,126,950,000 for fiscal year 2023; Page 9176 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 18643 (2) $1,194,109,500 for fiscal year 2024; (3) $1,265,275,695 for fiscal year 2025; (4) $1,340,687,843 for fiscal year 2026; and (5) $1,420,599,500 for fiscal year 2027. (Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 304, Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3145; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10104(a), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1433.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 976 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(A), enacted section 16316 of this title and amended section 5523 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. CODIFICATION Section is comprised of section 304 of Pub. L. 115–246. Subsec. (b) of section 304 of Pub. L. 115–246 amended sections 16316 of this title, sections 5541 and 5542 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and provisions set out as a note under section 5501 of Title 15. AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10104(a)(1), (2), added subsec. (a) and redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10104(a)(1), (3), redesig- nated subsec. (b) as (c), designated existing provisions par. (1) and inserted heading, and added par. (2). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10104(a)(1), (4), redesig- nated subsec. (c) as (d) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Director shall carry out activities to develop, test, and sup- port— ‘‘(1) mathematics, models, and algorithms for com- plex systems and programming environments; and ‘‘(2) tools, languages, and operating systems for high-end computing systems (as defined in section 5541 of title 15).’’ Subsecs. (e) to (k). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10104(a)(5), added subsecs. (e) to (k). § 18643. High-energy physics (a) Sense of Congress It is the sense of Congress that— (1) the Director should incorporate the find- ings and recommendations of the report of the Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel entitled ‘‘Building for Discovery: Strategic Plan for U.S. Particle Physics in the Global Context’’ into the planning process of the De- partment; and (2) the nations that lead in particle physics by hosting international teams dedicated to a common scientific goal attract the world’s best talent and inspire future generations of physicists and technologists. (b) Program As part of the activities authorized under sec- tion 7139 of this title, the Director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe, in- cluding constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time. (c) High energy frontier research As part of the program described in subsection (b), the Director shall carry out research using high energy accelerators and advanced detec- tors, including accelerators and detectors that will function as national user facilities, to cre- ate and study interactions of elementary par- ticles and investigate fundamental forces. (d) International collaboration The Director shall— (1) as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate Federal agencies as nec- essary, ensure the access of United States re- searchers to the most advanced accelerator fa- cilities and research capabilities in the world, including the Large Hadron Collider; (2) to the maximum extent practicable, con- tinue to leverage United States participation in the Large Hadron Collider, and prioritize expanding international partnerships and in- vestments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Fa- cility and Deep Underground Neutrino Experi- ment; and (3) to the maximum extent practicable, prioritize engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future international facilities that would provide access to the most ad- vanced accelerator facilities in the world to United States researchers. (e) Neutrino research The Director shall carry out research activi- ties on rare decay processes and the nature of the neutrino, which may include collaborations with the National Science Foundation or inter- national collaborations. (f) Cosmic frontier research The Director shall carry out research activi- ties on the nature of the primary contents of the universe, including the nature of dark energy and dark matter. These activities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be consistent with the research priorities identified by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel or the National Academy of Sciences, and may include— (1) collaborations with the National Aero- nautics and Space Administration, the Na- tional Science Foundation, or international partners on relevant projects; and (2) the development of space-based, land- based, water-based, and underground facilities and experiments. (g) Facility construction and major items of equipment (1) Projects Consistent with the Office of Science’s project management practices, the Director shall, to the maximum extent practicable, by incorporating the findings and recommenda- tions of the 2014 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report entitled ‘‘Building for Discovery’’, support construc- tion or fabrication of— (A) an international Long-Baseline Neu- trino Facility based in the United States; (B) the Proton Improvement Plan II; (C) Second Generation Dark Matter experi- ments; (D) the Legacy Survey of Space and Time camera; (E) upgrades to detectors and other compo- nents of the Large Hadron Collider; and (F) the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage 4 project; and