15 U.S.C. § 2512 — Studies

Page 1845 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 2512 1 See References in Text note below. owned in the case of a corporation, association, or partnership operating a vessel in the coast- wise trade, shall not be applicable. The Sec- retary of Energy, in consultation with the Sec- retary of State, may waive such requirements in the case of a corporation, partnership, firm, or association, controlling interest in which is owned by citizens of countries which are partici- pants in the International Energy Agreement. (j) Pledge of full faith and credit of United States The full faith and credit of the United States is pledged to the payment of all obligations in- curred under this section. (Pub. L. 94–413, § 10, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 95–238, title VI, § 603, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 103–437, § 5(d)(2), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4582.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION In subsec. (e)(3)(C), ‘‘chapter 31 of title 31’’ and ‘‘that chapter’’ substituted for ‘‘the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended’’ and ‘‘that Act’’, respectively, on au- thority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance. In subsec. (i), ‘‘section 50501 of title 46’’ substituted for ‘‘section 2 of the Shipping Act of 1916 (46 U.S.C. 802)’’ and ‘‘subsections (a) and (b) of such section 50501’’ substituted for ‘‘subsection (a) of such section 2’’ on au- thority of Pub. L. 109–304, § 18(c), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1709, section 8(b) of which enacted parts A and B of sub- title V of Title 46, Shipping. AMENDMENTS 1994—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted ‘‘Com- mittee on Science, Space, and Technology’’ for ‘‘Com- mittee on Science and Technology’’ and ‘‘Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation’’ for ‘‘Com- mittee on Commerce’’. 1978—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 95–238, § 603(a)(1), added par. (3). Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–238, § 603(b), inserted provisions relating to payment of principal by the Administrator. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–238, § 603(c), substituted ‘‘7’’ for ‘‘5’’. Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95–238, § 603(a)(2), added subsec. (j). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS ‘‘Secretary of Energy’’ substituted for ‘‘Adminis- trator’’ in subsecs. (b), (d), (e)(1), (f), and (i) pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95–91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title. § 2510. Use of electric and hybrid vehicles by Federal agencies The Postmaster General of the United States Postal Service, the Administrator of the Gen- eral Services Administration, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of other Federal agencies shall— (1) carry out a study of the practicability of using electric and hybrid vehicles in the per- formance of some or all of the functions of their agencies; and (2) arrange for the introduction of electric and hybrid vehicles into their fleets as soon as possible. For competitive procurement purposes in pur- chasing such vehicles, life-cycle costing and any beneficial air pollution control characteristics of electric and hybrid vehicles shall be fully taken into account. If the head of the agency in- volved determines that electric or hybrid vehi- cles are technologically practicable, but that they are not completely economically competi- tive with conventional vehicles, the Secretary of Energy may, for purposes of the demonstration program described in section 2506 of this title, pay to such agency the incremental costs of the electric or hybrid vehicles, including differential operating costs. (Pub. L. 94–413, § 11, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1268; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS ‘‘Secretary of Energy’’ substituted in text for ‘‘Ad- ministrator’’ pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95–91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title. § 2511. Patents Section 5908 of title 42 shall apply to any con- tract (including any assignment, substitution of parties, or subcontract thereunder), entered into, made, or issued by the Secretary of Energy pursuant to section 2507 of this title. (Pub. L. 94–413, § 12, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.) Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS ‘‘Secretary of Energy’’ substituted in text for ‘‘Ad- ministrator’’ pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95–91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title. § 2512. Studies (a) Bias of surface transportation systems; sub- mission of report The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study to determine the existence of any tax, regu- latory, traffic, urban design, rural electrical, or other institutional factor which tends or may tend to bias surface transportation systems to- ward vehicles of particular characteristics. The Secretary of Energy shall submit a report to the Congress on the findings and conclusions of such study, within 1 year after September 17, 1976. The report shall include any legislative or other recommendations of the Secretary of Energy. (b) Material demand and pollution effect; impact statement The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a con- tinuing assessment of the long-range material demand and pollution effects which may result from or in connection with the electrification of urban traffic. Such assessment shall include a statement of the Secretary of Energy’s current findings in each report submitted under section 2513 1 of this title. Any environmental impact statement which may be filed under a Federal Page 1846 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 2512 law with respect to research, development, or demonstration activities under this chapter shall include reference to the matters which are subject to assessment under this subsection. (c) Incentives to encourage utilization; inclusion of electric vehicles in calculation of average fuel economy; evaluation program; annual report; final report and recommendations to Congress on January 1, 1987 The Secretary of Energy shall perform, or cause to be performed, studies and research on incentives to promote broader utilization and consumer acceptance of electric and hybrid ve- hicle technologies. A description and a state- ment of the findings of such studies and re- search activities shall be included in each report submitted under section 2513 1 of this title. (1) The Secretary of Energy in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protec- tion Agency is authorized and directed to con- duct a seven-year evaluation program of the inclusion of electric vehicles, as defined in sec- tion 512(b)(2) 1 of the Motor Vehicle Informa- tion and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2012(b)(2)), in the calculation of average fuel economy pursuant to section 32904(a)(1) of title 49 to de- termine the value and implications of such in- clusion as an incentive for the early initiation of industrial engineering development and ini- tial commercialization of electric vehicles in the United States. The evaluation program shall be conducted in parallel with the re- search and development activities of section 2505 of this title and demonstration activities of section 2506 of this title to provide all nec- essary information no later than January 1, 1987, for the private sector and Federal, State and local officials to make required decisions for the full commercialization of electric vehi- cles in the United States. (2) The Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Secretary of Transportation, shall implement immediately the evaluation program by promulgating, within sixty days of January 7, 1980, regula- tions to include electric vehicles in average fuel economy calculations under section 32904(a)(1) of title 49. (3) The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of the Environmental Protec- tion Agency, shall include a full discussion of this evaluation program in the annual report required by section 2513 1 of this title in each year after promulgation of the regulations under paragraph (2). The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of Trans- portation and the Administrator of the Envi- ronmental Protection Agency, shall submit to the Congress on January 1, 1987, a final report on the results of the evaluation program and any recommendations regarding the continued inclusion of electric vehicles in the average fuel economy calculations under part C of sub- title VI of title 49. (d) Safety standards and regulations The Secretary of Transportation shall conduct a study of the current and future applicability of safety standards and regulations to electric and hybrid vehicles. The Secretary of Transpor- tation shall report the results of such study to the Secretary of Energy and the Congress within 1 year after September 17, 1976. (e) Regenerative braking systems The Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study to determine the overall effectiveness and feasi- bility of including regenerative braking systems on electric and other automobiles in order to re- cover energy. In such study the Secretary of En- ergy shall— (1) review the history of regenerative brak- ing devices; (2) describe relevant experimental test data and theoretical calculations with respect to such devices; (3) assess the net energy impacts and cost ef- fectiveness of such devices; (4) examine present patents and patent pol- icy regarding such devices; and (5) determine whether regenerative braking should be used on some of the advanced elec- tric or hybrid vehicles to be purchased or leased pursuant to section 2506(c)(2) of this title. The Secretary of Energy shall submit a report to the Congress on the findings and conclusions of such study within 1 year after September 17, 1976. (Pub. L. 94–413, § 13, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1269; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 96–185, § 18, Jan. 7, 1980, 93 Stat. 1336.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 2513 of this title, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), was repealed by Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1051(o), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 717. Section 512(b)(2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2012(b)(2)), referred to in subsec. (c)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379, the first section of which en- acted subtitles II, III, and V to X of Title 49, Transpor- tation. CODIFICATION In subsec. (c), ‘‘section 32904(a)(1) of title 49’’ sub- stituted for ‘‘section 503(a)(1) and (2) of the Motor Vehi- cle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 2003(a)(1) and (2))’’ and ‘‘section 503(a)(1) and (2) of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act’’, and ‘‘part C of subtitle VI of title 49’’ substituted for ‘‘the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act [15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.]’’ on authority of Pub. L. 103–272, § 6(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1378, the first section of which enacted subtitles II, III, and V to X of Title 49, Transportation, and on authority of Pub. L. 103–429, § 10(b), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4391, section 6(43)(B) of which enacted section 32918 as part of part C of subtitle VI of Title 49. January 7, 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), was in the original ‘‘enactment of the Act’’ which has been translated as meaning the date of enactment of Pub. L. 96–185 as the probable intent of Congress in view of the fact that section 18 of Pub. L. 96–185 enacted subsec. (c)(1) to (3) of this section. A part of par. (2) of section 2512(c) of the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Research, Development, and Dem- onstration Act of 1976, as added by Pub. L. 96–185, has not been included in the text of subsec. (c)(2) of this Page 1847 TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE § 2514 section. The omitted provision consists of directory language for an amendment of section 2003 of this title and the indicated amendment has been executed to the text of that section as directed. In subsec. (d), ‘‘Secretary of Transportation’’ sub- stituted for ‘‘Secretary’’ in two places for clarity, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1980—Subsec. (c)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 96–185 added pars. (1) to (3). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS ‘‘Secretary of Energy’’ substituted for ‘‘Adminis- trator’’ in subsecs. (a), (b), (d), and (e) pursuant to sec- tion 301(a) of Pub. L. 95–91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title. ELECTRIC VEHICLES Pub. L. 100–494, § 7, Oct. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 2452, di- rected Secretary of Transportation to study whether regulations should be amended or promulgated to stim- ulate production and introduction of electric and solar- powered vehicles into commerce and to report to Con- gress on results of study, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379. § 2513. Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, § 1051(o), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 717 Section, Pub. L. 94–413, § 14, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577, directed Secretary of Energy to submit to Congress annual reports on activities under this chapter. § 2514. Authorization for appropriations (a) There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Energy, for purposes of car- rying out this chapter, (1) not to exceed $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, except that at least $10,000,000 of such authorization shall be allocated for battery re- search and development; (2) not to exceed $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978; (3) not to exceed $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979; (4) not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980; and (5) not to exceed $45,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981. Any amount appropriated pursuant to this section shall remain available until expended, and any amount authorized for any fiscal year prior to the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, but not appropriated, may be appropriated for any succeeding fiscal year through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983. (b) Any moneys received by the Secretary of Energy from vehicle sales or leases or other ac- tivities under this chapter may be retained and used for purposes of carrying out this chapter, notwithstanding the provisions of section 3302(b) of title 31, and may remain available until ex- pended; but the amount authorized to be appro- priated for any fiscal year under subsection (a) shall be reduced by the amount of the moneys so received in that year. (Pub. L. 94–413, § 16, Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 95–91, title III, § 301(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 577.) Editorial Notes CODIFICATION In subsec. (b), ‘‘section 3302(b) of title 31’’ substituted for ‘‘section 3617 of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 484)’’ on authority of Pub. L. 97–258, § 4(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1067, the first section of which enacted Title 31, Money and Finance. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS ‘‘Secretary of Energy’’ substituted in text for ‘‘Ad- ministrator’’ pursuant to section 301(a) of Pub. L. 95–91, see Codification note set out under section 2502 of this title. CHAPTER 53—TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL SUBCHAPTER I—CONTROL OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES Sec. 2601. Findings, policy, and intent. 2602. Definitions. 2603. Testing of chemical substances and mixtures. 2604. Manufacturing and processing notices. 2605. Prioritization, risk evaluation, and regula- tion of chemical substances and mixtures. 2606. Imminent hazards. 2607. Reporting and retention of information. 2608. Relationship to other Federal laws. 2609. Research, development, collection, dissemi- nation, and utilization of information. 2610. Inspections and subpoenas. 2611. Exports. 2612. Entry into customs territory of the United States. 2613. Confidential information. 2614. Prohibited acts. 2615. Penalties. 2616. Specific enforcement and seizure. 2617. Preemption. 2618. Judicial review. 2619. Citizens’ civil actions. 2620. Citizens’ petitions. 2621. National defense waiver. 2622. Employee protection. 2623. Employment effects. 2624. Studies. 2625. Administration. 2626. Development and evaluation of test methods. 2627. State programs. 2628. Authorization of appropriations. 2629. Annual report. SUBCHAPTER II—ASBESTOS HAZARD EMERGENCY RESPONSE 2641. Congressional findings and purpose. 2642. Definitions. 2643. EPA regulations. 2644. Requirements if EPA fails to promulgate reg- ulations. 2645. Submission to State Governor. 2646. Contractor and laboratory accreditation. 2647. Enforcement. 2648. Emergency authority. 2649. State and Federal law. 2650. Asbestos contractors and local educational agencies. 2651. Public protection. 2652. Asbestos Ombudsman. 2653. EPA Study of asbestos-containing material in public buildings. 2654. Transitional rules. 2655. Worker protection. 2656. Training grants. SUBCHAPTER III—INDOOR RADON ABATEMENT 2661. National goal.