42 U.S.C. § 16315 — Electricity Storage Research Initiative

Page 8864 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16314 (b) Artificial photosynthesis (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out under the Ini- tiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, artificial photosyn- thetic systems. (2) Activities As part of the program described in para- graph (1)— (A) the Director of the Office of Basic En- ergy Sciences shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry, in- cluding— (i) photoinduced production of hydrogen and oxygen from water; and (ii) the sustainable photoinduced reduc- tion of carbon dioxide to fuel products in- cluding hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon monoxide, and natural gas; and (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef- ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. (3) Standard of review The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones. (4) Funds Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec- retary to carry out activities under this sub- section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (c) Biochemistry, replication of natural photo- synthesis, and related processes (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out under the Ini- tiative a program to support research needed to replicate natural photosynthetic processes by use of artificial photosynthetic components and materials. (2) Activities As part of the program described in para- graph (1)— (A) the Director of the Office of Basic En- ergy Sciences shall support basic research to expand fundamental knowledge to replicate natural synthesis processes, including— (i) the photoinduced reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia; (ii) the absorption of carbon dioxide from ambient air; (iii) molecular-based charge separation and storage; (iv) photoinitiated electron transfer; and (v) catalysis in biological or biomimetic systems; (B) the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall support systems biology and genomics approaches to understand genetic and physiological path- ways connected to photosynthetic mecha- nisms; and (C) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef- ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. (3) Standard of review The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones. (4) Funds Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec- retary to carry out activities under this sub- section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 973, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 303(f)(1), for- merly § 303(d)(1), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3141, re- numbered § 303(f)(1), Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(a)(1), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(b), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1414.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(b)(1), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amend- ment, text read as follows: ‘‘No funds allocated to the program described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or expended for commercial application of energy tech- nology.’’ Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(b)(2), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘No funds allocated to the pro- gram described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or ex- pended for commercial application of energy tech- nology.’’ 2018—Pub. L. 115–246 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to catalysis research program. § 16314. Hydrogen (a) In general The Secretary shall conduct a program of fun- damental research and development in support of programs authorized under subchapter VIII. (b) Methods The program shall include support for meth- ods of generating hydrogen without the use of natural gas. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 974, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903.) § 16315. Electricity Storage Research Initiative (a) Initiative (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out a research ini- tiative, to be known as the ‘‘Electricity Stor- age Research Initiative’’ (referred to in this section as the ‘‘Initiative’’)— (A) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge to control, store, and convert— (i) electrical energy to chemical energy; and (ii) chemical energy to electrical energy; Page 8865 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16315 (B) to support scientific inquiry into the practical understanding of chemical and physical processes that occur within systems involving crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids; and (C) to ensure the competitiveness of the United States in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking fundamental research and development to deployment of storage solutions while minimizing the environ- mental impacts of energy storage tech- nologies. (2) Leveraging In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall lever- age expertise and resources from— (A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the Advanced Scientific Computing Re- search Program, and the Biological and En- vironmental Research Program of the Office of Science; (B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Re- newable Energy; and (C) any other relevant office of the Depart- ment. (3) Teams (A) In general In carrying out the Initiative, the Sec- retary shall organize activities among mul- tidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the max- imum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector. (B) Goals The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals. (C) Resources The Secretary shall provide sufficient re- sources to the multidisciplinary teams de- scribed in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Sec- retary. (4) Additional activities The Secretary may organize additional ac- tivities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures. (b) Multivalent systems (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out under the Ini- tiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion mate- rials in electric energy storage systems. (2) Activities As part of the program described in para- graph (1)— (A) the Director of the Office of Basic En- ergy Sciences shall investigate electro- chemical properties and the dynamics of ma- terials, including charge transfer phenomena and mass transport in materials; and (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef- ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. (3) Standard of review The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones. (4) Funding Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec- retary to carry out activities under this sub- section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (c) Electrochemistry modeling and simulation (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out under the Ini- tiative a program to support research to model and simulate organic electrolytes, in- cluding the static and dynamic electro- chemical behavior and phenomena of organic electrolytes at the molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multivalent systems. (2) Activities As part of the program described in para- graph (1)— (A) the Director of the Office of Basic En- ergy Sciences, in coordination with the As- sociate Director of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, shall support the de- velopment of high performance computa- tional tools through a joint development process to maximize the effectiveness of cur- rent and projected high performance com- puting systems; and (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef- ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. (3) Standard of review The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones. (4) Funding Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec- retary to carry out activities under this sub- section $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (d) Mesoscale electrochemistry (1) In general The Secretary shall carry out under the Ini- tiative a program to support research needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, including scientific discov- eries relevant to— (A) bio-electrochemistry and electro- chemical energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and (B) the dynamics of the phenomena de- scribed in subparagraph (A). (2) Activities As part of the program described in para- graph (1)— Page 8866 TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE § 16316 (A) the Director of the Office of Basic En- ergy Sciences and the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall investigate phenomena of mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose of replicating and controlling new electro- chemical behavior; and (B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Ef- ficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program. (3) Standard of review The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones. (4) Funding Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Sec- retary to carry out activities under this sub- section $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 975, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 303(g)(1), for- merly § 303(e)(1), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3143, re- numbered § 303(g)(1), Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(a)(1), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1409; Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10102(c), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1415.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2022—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(1)(A), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(1)(B), added subpar. (C). Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(2), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘No funds allocated to the pro- gram described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or ex- pended for commercial application of energy tech- nology.’’ Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(3), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘No funds allocated to the pro- gram described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or ex- pended for commercial application of energy tech- nology.’’ Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10102(c)(4), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘No funds allocated to the pro- gram described in paragraph (1) may be obligated or ex- pended for commercial application of energy tech- nology.’’ 2018—Pub. L. 115–246 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: ‘‘The Secretary shall conduct a program of fundamental research on solid state lighting in support of the Next Generation Lighting Initiative carried out under section 16192 of this title.’’ § 16316. Advanced scientific computing research and development program (1) In general The Secretary shall conduct an advanced sci- entific computing research and development program that includes activities related to ap- plied mathematics and activities authorized by the American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 5541 et seq.). (2) Goal The Secretary shall carry out the program with the goal of supporting departmental mis- sions, and providing the high-performance com- putational, networking, advanced visualization technologies, and workforce resources, that are required for world leadership in science. (Pub. L. 109–58, title IX, § 976(a), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 115–246, title III, § 304(b)(1)(B), formerly § 304(a)(1)(B), Sept. 28, 2018, 132 Stat. 3145, renumbered § 304(b)(1)(B), Pub. L. 117–167, div. B, title I, § 10104(a)(1), Aug. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 1433.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT The American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017, referred to in par. (1), is Pub. L. 108–423, Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2400, which is classified principally to subchapter III (§ 5541 et seq.) of chapter 81 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5501 of Title 15 and Tables. AMENDMENTS 2018—Par. (1). Pub. L. 115–246 substituted ‘‘American Super Computing Leadership Act of 2017’’ for ‘‘Depart- ment of Energy High-End Computing Revitalization Act of 2004’’. § 16317. Systems biology program (a) Program (1) Establishment The Secretary shall establish a research, de- velopment, and demonstration program in mi- crobial and plant systems biology, protein science, computational biology, and environ- mental science to support the energy, national security, and environmental missions of the Department. (2) Grants The program shall support individual re- searchers and multidisciplinary teams of re- searchers through competitive, merit-reviewed grants. (3) Consultation In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall consult with other Federal agencies that conduct genetic and protein research. (b) Goals The program shall have the goal of developing technologies and methods based on the biologi- cal functions of genomes, microbes, and plants that— (1) can facilitate the production of fuels, in- cluding hydrogen in sustainable production systems that reduce greenhouse gas emissions; (2) convert carbon dioxide to organic carbon; (3) detoxify soils and water, including at fa- cilities of the Department, contaminated with heavy metals and radiological materials; (4) develop cellulosic and other feedstocks that are less resource and land intensive and that promote sustainable use of resources, in- cluding soil, water, energy, forests, and land, and ensure protection of air, water, and soil quality; and