47 U.S.C. § 608 — Separability

Page 319 TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS § 608 48 Stat. 1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which is classified principally to this chapter. For com- plete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of this title and Tables. For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in subsec. (c), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. CODIFICATION In subsec. (e), ‘‘section 1346 or section 1491 of title 28’’ substituted for ‘‘paragraph 20 of section 24 or by section 145, of the Judicial Code, as amended’’ (which were clas- sified to sections 41(20) and 250 of former Title 28, Judi- cial Code and Judiciary) on authority of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 869, the first section of which en- acted Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Sec- tion 1346 of Title 28 sets forth the basic jurisdiction of the district courts in cases in which the United States is defendant. Section 1491 of Title 28 sets forth the basic jurisdiction of the United States Court of Claims. Sec- tions 24(20) and 145 of the Judicial Code were also clas- sified to sections 1496, 1501, 1503, 2401, 2402, and 2501 of Title 28. AMENDMENTS 1951—Subsec. (c). Act Oct. 24, 1951, § 1, clarified scope of President’s powers to use, control, and close radio fa- cilities of all kinds which might be useful to an enemy for navigational purposes. Subsec. (h). Act Oct. 24, 1951, § 2, added subsec. (h). 1947—Subsec. (h). Act July 25, 1947, struck out subsec. (h) which related to modification of certain sections of this title until six months after termination of World War II for the protection of vessels in wartime. 1942—Subsecs. (d), (e). Act Jan. 26, 1942, § 1, added sub- sec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e). Subsecs. (f), (g). Act Jan. 26, 1942, § 2, added subsecs. (f) and (g). Subsec. (h). Act Dec. 29, 1942, added subsec. (h). Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries TERMINATION OF WAR AND EMERGENCIES Act July 25, 1947, ch. 327, § 3, 61 Stat. 451, provided that in the interpretation of this section, the date July 25, 1947, shall be deemed to be the date of termination of any state of war theretofore declared by Congress and of the national emergencies proclaimed by the President on Sept. 8, 1939, and May 27, 1941. Executive Documents DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Authorities of President under subsecs. (a) and (c) to (e) of this section delegated to the Director of the Of- fice of Science and Technology Policy, if the President takes the actions, including issuing any necessary proclamations and findings, required by this section to invoke those authorities, see section 2.3 of Ex. Ord. No. 13618, which is set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 8964 Ex. Ord. No. 8964, eff. Dec. 10, 1941, 6 F.R. 6367, relat- ing to the use and control of radio stations and pref- erence or priority of communications was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 9831, eff. Feb. 24, 1947, 12 F.R. 1363. EX. ORD. NO. 9831. BOARD OF WAR COMMUNICATIONS ABOLISHED Ex. Ord. No. 9831, eff. Feb. 24, 1947, 12 F.R. 1363, pro- vided: By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Con- stitution and statutes, including the Communications Act of 1934 (48 Stat. 1104, as amended; 47 U.S.C. 606) and as President of the United States, and in the interest of the internal management of the Government, it is here- by ordered as follows: 1. The Board of War Communications, established as the Defense Communications Board by Executive Order No. 8546 of September 24, 1940, is abolished, and all property and records thereof are transferred to the Fed- eral Communications Commission. 2. Executive Orders Nos. 8546 of September 24, 1940, 8960 of December 6, 1941, 8964 of December 10, 1941, 9089 of March 6, 1942, and 9183 of June 15, 1942, are revoked. HARRY S. TRUMAN. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10312 Ex. Ord. No. 10312, eff. Dec. 10, 1951, 16 F.R. 12452, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10438, eff. Mar. 13, 1953, 18 F.R. 1491; Ex. Ord. No. 10773, eff. July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 5061; Ex. Ord. No. 10782, eff. Sept. 6, 1958, 23 F.R. 6971; Ex. Ord. No. 11051, eff. Sept. 27, 1962, 27 F.R. 9683, relating to del- egation of authority to the Federal Communications Commission was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11490, eff. Oct. 28, 1969, 34 F.R. 17567. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10705 Ex. Ord. No. 10705, Apr. 17, 1957, 22 F.R. 2729, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10773, July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 5061; Ex. Ord. No. 10782, Sept. 6, 1958, 23 F.R. 6971; Ex. Ord. No. 11051, Sept. 27, 1962, 27 F.R. 9683; Ex. Ord. No. 11556, Sept. 4, 1970, 35 F.R. 14193, which related to the delega- tion of authority to the Director of the Office of Tele- communications Policy, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12046, Mar. 27, 1978, 43 F.R. 13349, set out as a note under section 305 of this title. § 607. Effective date of chapter This chapter shall take effect upon the organi- zation of the Commission, except that this sec- tion and sections 151 and 154 of this title shall take effect July 1, 1934. The Commission shall be deemed to be organized upon such date as four members of the Commission have taken office. (June 19, 1934, ch. 652, title VII, § 707, formerly title VI, § 607, 48 Stat. 1105; renumbered title VII, § 707, Pub. L. 98–549, § 6(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2804.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of this title and Tables. § 608. Separability If any provision of this chapter or the applica- tion thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter and the application of such provision to other per- sons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby. (June 19, 1934, ch. 652, title VII, § 708, formerly title VI, § 608, 48 Stat. 1105; renumbered title VII, § 708, Pub. L. 98–549, § 6(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2804.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of this title and Tables. Page 320 TITLE 47—TELECOMMUNICATIONS § 609 § 609. Short title This chapter may be cited as the ‘‘Commu- nications Act of 1934.’’ (June 19, 1934, ch. 652, title VII, § 709, formerly title VI, § 609, 48 Stat. 1105; renumbered title VII, § 709, Pub. L. 98–549, § 6(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2804.) Editorial Notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original ‘‘this Act’’, meaning act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, known as the Communications Act of 1934, which enacted this chapter, amended section 35 of this title, section 21 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 487 of former Title 46, Shipping, and sections 1, 2, 5, and 15 of former Title 49, Transportation, and repealed sec- tions 484 to 487 of former Title 46. For complete classi- fication of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries SHORT TITLE OF 2024 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 118–159, div. E, title LIV, § 5401, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2449, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending sec- tion 1603 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 309 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Spectrum and Secure Technology and Innovation Act of 2024’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2023 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–338, § 1, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6156, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 152, 153, and 276 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 152 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Mar- tha Wright-Reed Just and Reasonable Communications Act of 2022’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2022 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–223, § 1, Dec. 7, 2022, 136 Stat. 2280, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 345 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 345 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Safe Connections Act of 2022’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2021 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 117–58, div. F, title VI, § 60601, Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1246, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting and re- pealing section 344 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 344 of this title and sec- tion 3111 of Title 29, Labor] may be cited as the ‘Tele- communications Skilled Workforce Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2020 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title IX, § 902(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 3206, provided that: ‘‘This section [amending section 615a–1 of this title, repealing section 1413 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sec- tion 615a–1 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Don’t Break Up the T-Band Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–172, § 1, Oct. 17, 2020, 134 Stat. 832, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 251a of this title, amending section 251 of this title, and enacting provi- sions set out as notes under section 251 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Suicide Hotline Designa- tion Act of 2020’.’’ Pub. L. 116–130, § 1, Mar. 23, 2020, 134 Stat. 228, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting subchapter VII of this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Broadband Deployment Accuracy and Technological Availability Act’ or the ‘Broadband DATA Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–109, § 1, Jan. 24, 2020, 134 Stat. 3, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 511 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act’ or the ‘PIRATE Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2019 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 116–105, § 1, Dec. 30, 2019, 133 Stat. 3274, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 227b to 227b–2 of this title, amending section 227 of this title, and en- acting provisions set out as notes under section 227 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Pallone-Thune Tele- phone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and De- terrence Act’ or the ‘Pallone-Thune TRACED Act’.’’ Pub. L. 116–94, div. P, title X, § 1001, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 3198, provided that: ‘‘This title [enacting section 562 of this title, amending section 325 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 325 and 562 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Television Viewer Protection Act of 2019’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2018 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 115–141, div. P, § 1(a), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1080, provided that: ‘‘This division [see Tables for clas- sification] may be cited as the ‘Repack Airwaves Yield- ing Better Access for Users of Modern Services Act of 2018’ or the ‘RAY BAUM’S Act of 2018’.’’ Pub. L. 115–129, § 1, Feb. 26, 2018, 132 Stat. 329, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 262 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Improving Rural Call Quality and Reli- ability Act of 2017’.’’ Pub. L. 115–127, § 1, Feb. 16, 2018, 132 Stat. 326, provided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 623 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 623 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Kari’s Law Act of 2017’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2016 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 114–182, title II, § 201, June 22, 2016, 130 Stat. 512, provided that: ‘‘This title [amending section 254 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 254 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Rural Healthcare Connectivity Act of 2016’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2014 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 113–200, § 1(a), Dec. 4, 2014, 128 Stat. 2059, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 325, 338, 534, and 543 of this title and sections 111, 119, and 122 of Title 17, Copyrights, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 325, 338, and 534 of this title and section 111 of Title 17, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 119 of Title 17] may be cited as the ‘STELA Reauthorization Act of 2014’.’’ Pub. L. 113–197, § 1, Nov. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 2055, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 622 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 622 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Enhance Labeling, Access- ing, and Branding of Electronic Licenses Act of 2014’ or the ‘E–LABEL Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2010 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–331, § 1, Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3572, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending section 227 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009’.’’ Pub. L. 111–311, § 1, Dec. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3294, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting section 621 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Commercial Advertisement Loud- ness Mitigation Act’ or the ‘CALM Act’.’’ Pub. L. 111–260, § 1(a), Oct. 8, 2010, 124 Stat. 2751, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [enacting sections 615c and 616 to 620 of this title, amending sections 153, 225, 303, 330, 402, 503, 610, and 613 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 303, 613, and 619 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Twenty-First Century Com- munications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2009 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 111–4, § 1, Feb. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 112, provided that: ‘‘This Act [amending sections 309 and 337 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 309 of this title] may be cited as the ‘DTV Delay Act’.’’ SHORT TITLE OF 2008 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 110–295, § 1, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2972, pro- vided that: ‘‘This Act [amending provisions set out as