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18 U.S.C. § 203 — Compensation to Members of Congress, officers, and others in matters affecting the Government
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, otherwise than as provided by law for the proper discharge of official duties, directly or indirectly—
(1) demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or accept any compensation for any representational services, as agent or attorney or otherwise, rendered or to be rendered either personally or by another—
(A) at a time when such person is a Member of Congress, Member of Congress Elect, Delegate, Delegate Elect, Resident Commissioner, or Resident Commissioner Elect; or
(B) at a time when such person is an officer or employee or Federal judge of the United States in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government, or in any agency of the United States,
in relation to any proceeding, application, request for a ruling or other determination, contract, claim, controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter in which the United States is a party or has a direct and substantial interest, before any department, agency, court, court-martial, officer, or any civil, military, or naval commission; or
(2) knowingly gives, promises, or offers any compensation for any such representational services rendered or to be rendered at a time when the person to whom the compensation is given, promised, or offered, is or was such a Member, Member Elect, Delegate, Delegate Elect, Commissioner, Commissioner Elect, Federal judge, officer, or employee;shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Whoever, otherwise than as provided by law for the proper discharge of official duties, directly or indirectly—
(1) demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or accept any comp
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_f4a8019e888612ff61a835fc
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-203-compensation-to-members-of-congress-officers-and-others-in-matters-affec--b766ddfa6f.md
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Passage SHA-256: 87ed2d084180dbc41011967ecf69766f02ed12b0a5f7487c4821b636c9773fe4
Source location: Title 18, Chapter 11, § 203; chapter-011-bribery-graft-and-conflicts-of-interest.md
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**(a)** Whoever, otherwise than as provided by law for the proper discharge of official duties, directly or indirectly—
(1) demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or accept any compensation for any representational services, as agent or attorney or otherwise, rendered or to be rendered either personally or by another—
(A) at a time when such person is a Member of Congress, Member of Congress Elect, Delegate, Delegate Elect, Resident Commissioner, or Resident Commissioner Elect; or
(B) at a time when such person is an officer or employee or Federal judge of the United States in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government, or in any agency of the United States,
in relation to any proceeding, application, request for a ruling or other determination, contract, claim, controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter in which the United States is a party or has a direct and substantial interest, before any department, agency, court, court-martial, officer, or any civil, military, or naval commission; or
(2) knowingly gives, promises, or offers any compensation for any such representational services rendered or to be rendered at a time when the person to whom the compensation is given, promised, or offered, is or was such a Member, Member Elect, Delegate, Delegate Elect, Commissioner, Commissioner Elect, Federal judge, officer, or employee;shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Whoever, otherwise than as provided by law for the proper discharge of official duties, directly or indirectly—
(1) demands, seeks, receives, accepts, or agrees to receive or accept any compensation for any representational services, as agent or attorney or otherwise, rendered or to be rendered either personally or by another, at a time when such person is an officer or employee of the District of Columbia, in relation to any proceeding, application, request for a ruling or other determination, contract, claim, controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter in which the District of Columbia is a party or has a direct and substantial interest, before any department, agency, court, officer, or commission; or
(2) knowingly gives, promises, or offers any compensation for any such representational services rendered or to be rendered at a time when the person to whom the compensation is given, promised, or offered, is or was an officer or employee of the District of Columbia;
shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c)** A special Government employee shall be subject to subsections (a) and (b) only in relation to a particular matter involving a specific party or parties—
(1) in which such employee has at any time participated personally and substantially as a Government employee or as a special Government employee through decision, approval, disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of advice, investigation or otherwise; or
(2) which is pending in the department or agency of the Government in which such employee is serving except that paragraph (2) of this subsection shall not apply in the case of a special Government employee who has served in such department or agency no more than sixty days during the immediately preceding period of three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days.
**(d)** Nothing in this section prevents an officer or employee, including a special Government employee, from acting, with or without compensation, as agent or attorney for or otherwise representing his parents, spouse, child, or any person for whom, or for any estate for which, he is serving as guardian, executor, administrator, trustee, or other personal fiduciary except—
(1) in those matters in which he has participated personally and substantially as a Government employee or as a special Government employee through decision, approval, disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of advice, investigation, or otherwise; or
(2) in those matters that are the subject of his official responsibility,
subject to approval by the Government official responsible for appointment to his position.
**(e)** Nothing in this section prevents a special Government employee from acting as agent or attorney for another person in the performance of work under a grant by, or a contract with or for the benefit of, the United States if the head of the department or agency concerned with the grant or contract certifies in writing that the national interest so requires and publishes such certification in the Federal Register.
**(f)** Nothing in this section prevents an individual from giving testimony under oath or from making statements required to be made under penalty of perjury.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The people of the District of Columbia shall be represented in the House of Representatives by a Delegate, to be known as the “Delegate to the House of Representatives from the District of Columbia”, who shall be elected by the voters of the District of Columbia in accordance with the District of Columbia Election Act. The Delegate shall have a seat in the House of Representatives, with the right of debate, but not of voting, shall have all the privileges granted a Representative by section 6 of Article I of the Constitution, and shall be subject to the same restrictions and regulations as are imposed by law or rules on Representatives. The Delegate shall be elected to serve during each Congress.
**(b)** No individual may hold the office of Delegate to the House of Representatives from the District of Columbia unless on the date of his election—
(1) he is a qualified elector (as that term is defined in section 2(2) of the District of Columbia Election Act) of the District of Columbia;
(2) he is at least twenty-five years of age;
(3) he holds no other paid public office; and
(4) he has resided in the District of Columbia continuously since the beginning of the three-year period ending on such date.
He shall forfeit his office upon failure to maintain the qualifications required by this subsection.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section—
(1) the term “public official” means Member of Congress, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, either before or after such official has qualified, or an officer or employee or person acting for or on behalf of the United States, or any department, agency or branch of Government thereof, including the District of Columbia, in any official function, under or by authority of any such department, agency, or branch of Government, or a juror;
(2) the term “person who has been selected to be a public official” means any person who has been nominated or appointed to be a public official, or has been officially informed that such person will be so nominated or appointed; and
(3) the term “official act” means any decision or action on any question, matter, cause, suit, proceeding or controversy, which may at any time be pending, or which may by law be brought before any public official, in such official’s official capacity, or in such official’s place of trust or profit.
**(b)** Whoever—
(1) directly or indirectly, corruptly gives, offers or promises anything of value to any public official or person who has been selected to be a public official, or offers or promises any public official or any person who has been selected to be a public official to give anything of value to any other person or entity, with intent—
(A) to influence any official act; or
(B) to influence such public official or person who has been selected to be a public official to commit or aid in committing, or collude in, or allow, any fraud, or make opportunity for the commission of any fraud, on the United States; or
(C) to induce such public official or such person who has been selected to be a public official to do or omit to do any act in violation of th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President may prescribe regulations for the conduct of employees in the executive branch.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 7301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The punishment for an offense under section 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, or 209 of this title is the following:
(1) Whoever engages in the conduct constituting the offense shall be imprisoned for not more than one year or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.
(2) Whoever willfully engages in the conduct constituting the offense shall be imprisoned for not more than five years or fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both.
**(b)** The Attorney General may bring a civil action in the appropriate United States district court against any person who engages in conduct constituting an offense under section 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, or 209 of this title and, upon proof of such conduct by a preponderance of the evidence, such person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $50,000 for each violation or the amount of compensation which the person received or offered for the prohibited conduct, whichever amount is greater. The imposition of a civil penalty under this subsection does not preclude any other criminal or civil statutory, common law, or administrative remedy, which is available by law to the United States or any other person.
**(c)** If the Attorney General has reason to believe that a person is engaging in conduct constituting an offense under section 203, 204, 205, 207, 208, or 209 of this title, the Attorney General may petition an appropriate United States district court for an order prohibiting that person from engaging in such conduct. The court may issue an order prohibiting that person from engaging in such conduct if the court finds that the conduct constitutes such an offense. The filing of a petition under this section does not preclude any other remedy which is available by law to the United States or any other
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 216
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, added Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VIII, § 822(b)(1), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1132, related to restrictions on retired military officers regarding certain matters affecting the Government.
Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 602(d), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3503, which repealed this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(c)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808, effective Oct. 11, 1996.
A prior section 281, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 697; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 6, 63 Stat. 90, which related to compensation to Members of Congress, officers and others in matters affecting the Government, was repealed by Pub. L. 87–849, §§ 2, 4, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1126, eff. 90 days after Oct. 23, 1962, which repeal continued limited applicability to retired officers of the Armed Forces of the United States. Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title VIII, § 822(a), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1132, repealed such prior section 281 to the extent that it had not been repealed by section 2 of Pub. L. 87–849. See [section 203 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section203&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Effective Date of Repeal
For effective date and applicability of repeal by Pub. L. 104–106, see section 4401 of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under [section 2220 of Title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2220&num=0&edition=prelim), Armed Forces.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 281
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; termination** There is established a Cape Cod National Seashore Advisory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the “Commission”). The Commission shall terminate September 26, 2029.
**(b) Membership; term** The Commission shall be composed of ten members each appointed for a term of two years by the Secretary as follows:
(1) Six members to be appointed from recommendations made by each of the boards of selectmen of the towns referred to in [section 459b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section459b&num=0&edition=prelim), one member from the recommendations made by each such board;
(2) One member to be appointed from recommendations of the county commissioners of Barnstable County, Commonwealth of Massachusetts;
(3) Two members to be appointed from recommendations of the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts; and
(4) One member to be designated by the Secretary.
**(c) Chairman; vacancies** The Secretary shall designate one member to be Chairman. Any vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the same manner in which the original appointment was made.
**(d) Compensation and expenses** A member of the Commission shall serve without compensation as such. The Secretary is authorized to pay the expenses reasonably incurred by the Commission in carrying out its responsibilities under sections 459b to 459b–8 of this title upon vouchers signed by the Chairman.
**(e) Majority vote** The Commission established by this section shall act and advise by affirmative vote of a majority of the members thereof.
**(f) Consultation of Secretary with Commission** The Secretary or his designee shall, from time to time, consult with the members of the Commission with respect to matters relating to the dev
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 459b–7
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, being a Member of Congress or Member of Congress Elect, practices in the United States Court of Federal Claims or the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 204
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of the Government or in any agency of the United States, other than in the proper discharge of his official duties—
(1) acts as agent or attorney for prosecuting any claim against the United States, or receives any gratuity, or any share of or interest in any such claim, in consideration of assistance in the prosecution of such claim; or
(2) acts as agent or attorney for anyone before any department, agency, court, court-martial, officer, or civil, military, or naval commission in connection with any covered matter in which the United States is a party or has a direct and substantial interest;
**(b)** Whoever, being an officer or employee of the District of Columbia or an officer or employee of the Office of the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia, otherwise than in the proper discharge of official duties—
(1) acts as agent or attorney for prosecuting any claim against the District of Columbia, or receives any gratuity, or any share of or interest in any such claim in consideration of assistance in the prosecution of such claim; or
(2) acts as agent or attorney for anyone before any department, agency, court, officer, or commission in connection with any covered matter in which the District of Columbia is a party or has a direct and substantial interest;
shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c)** A special Government employee shall be subject to subsections (a) and (b) only in relation to a covered matter involving a specific party or parties—
(1) in which he has at any time participated pers
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 205
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Restrictions on All Officers and Employees of the Executive Branch and Certain Other Agencies.—**
(1) **Permanent restrictions on representation on particular matters.—** — Any person who is an officer or employee (including any special Government employee) of the executive branch of the United States (including any independent agency of the United States), or of the District of Columbia, and who, after the termination of his or her service or employment with the United States or the District of Columbia, knowingly makes, with the intent to influence, any communication to or appearance before any officer or employee of any department, agency, court, or court-martial of the United States or the District of Columbia, on behalf of any other person (except the United States or the District of Columbia) in connection with a particular matter—
(A) in which the United States or the District of Columbia is a party or has a direct and substantial interest,
(B) in which the person participated personally and substantially as such officer or employee, and
(C) which involved a specific party or specific parties at the time of such participation,
(2) **Two-year restrictions concerning particular matters under official responsibility.—** — Any person subject to the restrictions contained in paragraph (1) who, within 2 years after the termination of his or her service or employment with the United States or the District of Columbia, knowingly makes, with the intent to influence, any communication to or appearance before any officer or employee of any department, agency, court, or court-martial of the United States or the District of Columbia, on behalf of any other person (except the United States or the District of Columbia), in connection with a particular matter—
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 207
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Except as permitted by subsection (b) hereof, whoever, being an officer or employee of the executive branch of the United States Government, or of any independent agency of the United States, a Federal Reserve bank director, officer, or employee, or an officer or employee of the District of Columbia, including a special Government employee, participates personally and substantially as a Government officer or employee, through decision, approval, disapproval, recommendation, the rendering of advice, investigation, or otherwise, in a judicial or other proceeding, application, request for a ruling or other determination, contract, claim, controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter in which, to his knowledge, he, his spouse, minor child, general partner, organization in which he is serving as officer, director, trustee, general partner or employee, or any person or organization with whom he is negotiating or has any arrangement concerning prospective employment, has a financial interest—Shall be subject to the penalties set forth in [section 216 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section216&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b)** Subsection (a) shall not apply—
(1) if the officer or employee first advises the Government official responsible for appointment to his or her position of the nature and circumstances of the judicial or other proceeding, application, request for a ruling or other determination, contract, claim, controversy, charge, accusation, arrest, or other particular matter and makes full disclosure of the financial interest and receives in advance a written determination made by such official that the interest is not so substantial as to be deemed likely to affect the integrity of the se
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 208
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