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22 U.S.C. § 5601 — Purposes
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to mandate United States sanctions, and to encourage international sanctions, against countries that use chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law or use lethal chemical or biological weapons against their own nationals, and to impose sanctions against companies that aid in the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons;
(2) to support multilaterally coordinated efforts to control the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons;
(3) to urge continued close cooperation with the Australia Group and cooperation with other supplier nations to devise ever more effective controls on the transfer of materials, equipment, and technology applicable to chemical or biological weapons production; and
(4) to require Presidential reports on efforts that threaten United States interests or regional stability by Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, and others to acquire the materials and technology to develop, produce, stockpile, deliver, transfer, or use chemical or biological weapons.
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 65, § 5601; chapter-065-control-and-elimination-of-chemical-and-biological-weapons.md
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The purposes of this chapter are—
(1) to mandate United States sanctions, and to encourage international sanctions, against countries that use chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law or use lethal chemical or biological weapons against their own nationals, and to impose sanctions against companies that aid in the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons;
(2) to support multilaterally coordinated efforts to control the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons;
(3) to urge continued close cooperation with the Australia Group and cooperation with other supplier nations to devise ever more effective controls on the transfer of materials, equipment, and technology applicable to chemical or biological weapons production; and
(4) to require Presidential reports on efforts that threaten United States interests or regional stability by Iran, Iraq, Syria, Libya, and others to acquire the materials and technology to develop, produce, stockpile, deliver, transfer, or use chemical or biological weapons.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Imposition of sanctions**
(1) **Determination by the President** — Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), the President shall impose both of the sanctions described in subsection (c) if the President determines that a foreign person, on or after October 28, 1991, has knowingly and materially contributed—
(A) through the export from the United States of any goods or technology that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States,
(B) through the export from any other country of any goods or technology that would be, if they were United States goods or technology, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, or
(C) through any other transaction not subject to sanctions pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979,11 See References in Text note below.
to the efforts by any foreign country, project, or entity described in paragraph (2) to use, develop, produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire chemical or biological weapons.
(2) **Countries, projects, or entities receiving assistance** — Paragraph (1) applies in the case of—
(A) any foreign country that the President determines has, at any time after January 1, 1980—
(i) used chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law;
(ii) used lethal chemical or biological weapons against its own nationals; or
(iii) made substantial preparations to engage in the activities described in clause (i) or (ii);
(B) any foreign country whose government is determined for purposes of section 6(j) 1 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 to be a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism; or
(C) any other foreign country, project, or entity designated by the President for purposes of this section.
(3) **Persons against whom s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2798
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Imposition of sanctions**
(1) **Determination by the President** — Except as provided in subsection (b)(2), the President shall impose both of the sanctions described in subsection (c) if the President determines that a foreign person, on or after October 28, 1991, has knowingly and materially contributed—
(A) through the export from the United States of any goods or technology that are subject to the jurisdiction of the United States under this chapter, or
(B) through the export from any other country of any goods or technology that would be, if they were United States goods or technology, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States under this chapter,
to the efforts by any foreign country, project, or entity described in paragraph (2) to use, develop, produce, stockpile, or otherwise acquire chemical or biological weapons.
(2) **Countries, projects, or entities receiving assistance** — Paragraph (1) applies in the case of—
(A) any foreign country that the President determines has, at any time after January 1, 1980—
(i) used chemical or biological weapons in violation of international law;
(ii) used lethal chemical or biological weapons against its own nationals; or
(iii) made substantial preparations to engage in the activities described in clause (i) or (ii);
(B) any foreign country whose government is determined for purposes of section 4605(j) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title to be a government that has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism; or
(C) any other foreign country, project, or entity designated by the President for purposes of this section.
(3) **Persons against which sanctions are to be imposed** — Sanctions shall be imposed pursuant to paragraph (1) on—
(A) the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 4613
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President may use the authority of sections 3171 and 3172 of this title to stay the imposition of an economic, cultural, diplomatic, or other sanction or related action by the United States Government related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, their delivery systems, or advanced conventional weapons otherwise required to be imposed by the Chemical and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act of 1991 (title III of Public Law 102–182) [[22 U.S.C. 5601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section5601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; the Nuclear Proliferation Prevention Act of 1994 (title VIII of Public Law 103–236); title XVII of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101–510) (relating to the nonproliferation of missile technology); the Iran-Iraq Arms Nonproliferation Act of 1992 (title XVI of Public Law 102–484); section 573 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1994 (Public Law 103–87); section 563 of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1995 (Public Law 103–306); and comparable provisions.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1672
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 5513
and employees of other United States Govern-
ment agencies who have functions at inter-
national airports in the United States and
abroad in the detection of explosives and fire-
arms which could be a threat to international
civil aviation.
(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, § 214, Nov. 16, 1990, 104
Stat. 3087.)
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
Section 2708 of this title, referred to in subsec. (c),
was amended generally by Pub. L. 105–323, title I, § 101,
Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 3029, and, as so amended, provi-
sions authorizing awards, formerly contained in section
2708(a), are now contained in section 2708(b).
§ 5513. Proposal for consideration by Inter-
national Civil Aviation Organization
Not later than 60 days after November 16, 1990,
the Secretary of State, in consultation with the
Secretary of Transportation, shall propose to
the International Civil Aviation Organization
the establishment of a comprehensive aviation
security program which shall include (1) train-
ing for airport security personnel, (2) grants for
security equipment acquisition for certain na-
tions, and (3) expansion of the appropriate utili-
zation of canine teams in the detection of explo-
sive devices in all airport areas, including use in
passenger screening areas and nonpublic bag-
gage assembly and processing areas.
(Pub. L. 101–604, title II, § 215, Nov. 16, 1990, 104
Stat. 3087.)
CHAPTER 65—CONTROL AND ELIMINATION
OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
Sec.
5601.
Purposes.
5602.
Multilateral efforts.
5603.
United States export controls.
5604.
Determinations regarding use of chemical or
biological weapons.
5605.
Sanctions against use of chemical or biologi-
cal weapons.
5606.
Repealed.
Editorial Notes
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 5601
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