11 U.S.C. § 503 — Allowance of administrative expenses

**(a)** An entity may timely file a request for payment of an administrative expense, or may tardily file such request if permitted by the court for cause. **(b)** After notice and a hearing, there shall be allowed administrative expenses, other than claims allowed under [section 502(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section502/f&num=0&edition=prelim), including— (1) (A) the actual, necessary costs and expenses of preserving the estate including— (i) wages, salaries, and commissions for services rendered after the commencement of the case; and (ii) wages and benefits awarded pursuant to a judicial proceeding or a proceeding of the National Labor Relations Board as back pay attributable to any period of time occurring after commencement of the case under this title, as a result of a violation of Federal or State law by the debtor, without regard to the time of the occurrence of unlawful conduct on which such award is based or to whether any services were rendered, if the court determines that payment of wages and benefits by reason of the operation of this clause will not substantially increase the probability of layoff or termination of current employees, or of nonpayment of domestic support obligations, during the case under this title; (B) any tax— (i) incurred by the estate, whether secured or unsecured, including property taxes for which liability is in rem, in personam, or both, except a tax of a kind specified in [section 507(a)(8) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section507/a/8&num=0&edition=prelim); or (ii) attributable to an excessive allowance of a tentative carryback adjustment that the estate received, whether the taxable year to which such adjustment relates ended before or after the commencement of the case; (C) any fine, penalty, or reduction in credit relating to a tax of a kind specified in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph; and (D) notwithstanding the requirements of subsection (a), a governmental unit shall not be required to file a request for the payment of an expense described in subparagraph (B) or (C), as a condition of its being an allowed administrative expense; (2) compensation and reimbursement awarded under [section 330(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section330/a&num=0&edition=prelim); (3) the actual, necessary expenses, other than compensation and reimbursement specified in paragraph (4) of this subsection, incurred by— (A) a creditor that files a petition under [section 303 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section303&num=0&edition=prelim); (B) a creditor that recovers, after the court’s approval, for the benefit of the estate any property transferred or concealed by the debtor; (C) a creditor in connection with the prosecution of a criminal offense relating to the case or to the business or property of the debtor; (D) a creditor, an indenture trustee, an equity security holder, or a committee representing creditors or equity security holders other than a committee appointed under [section 1102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section1102&num=0&edition=prelim), in making a substantial contribution in a case under chapter 9 or 11 of this title; (E) a custodian superseded under [section 543 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section543&num=0&edition=prelim), and compensation for the services of such custodian; or (F) a member of a committee appointed under [section 1102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title11-section1102&num=0&edition=prelim), if such expenses are incurred in the performance of the duties of such committee; (4) reasonable compensation for professional services rendered by an attorney or an accountant of an entity whose expense is allowable under subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of paragraph (3) of this subsection, based on the time, the nature, the extent, and the value of such services, and the cost of comparable services other than in a case under this title, and reimbursement for actual, necessary expenses incurred by such attorney or accountant; (5) reasonable compensation for services rendered by an indenture trustee in making a substantial contribution in a case under chapter 9 or 11 of this title, based on the time, the nature, the extent, and the value of such services, and the cost of comparable services other than in a case under this title; (6) the fees and mileage payable under chapter 119 of title 28; (7) with respect to a nonresidential real property lease previously assumed under section 365, and subsequently rejected, a sum equal to all monetary obligations due, excluding those arising from or relating to a failure to operate or a penalty provision, for the period of 2 years following the later of the rejection date or the date of actual turnover of the premises, without reduction or setoff for any reason whatsoever except for sums actually received or to be received from an entity other than the debtor, and the claim for remaining sums due for the balance of the term of the lease shall be a claim under section 502(b)(6); (8) the actual, necessary costs and expenses of closing a health care business incurred by a trustee or by a Federal agency (as defined in [section 551(1) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section551/1&num=0&edition=prelim)) or a department or agency of a State or political subdivision thereof, including any cost or expense incurred— (A) in disposing of patient records in accordance with section 351; or (B) in connection with transferring patients from the health care business that is in the process of being closed to another health care business; and (9) the value of any goods received by the debtor within 20 days before the date of commencement of a case under this title in which the goods have been sold to the debtor in the ordinary course of such debtor’s business. **(c)** Notwithstanding subsection (b), there shall neither be allowed, nor paid— (1) a transfer made to, or an obligation incurred for the benefit of, an insider of the debtor for the purpose of inducing such person to remain with the debtor’s business, absent a finding by the court based on evidence in the record that— (A) the transfer or obligation is essential to retention of the person because the individual has a bona fide job offer from another business at the same or greater rate of compensation; (B) the services provided by the person are essential to the survival of the business; and (C) either— (i) the amount of the transfer made to, or obligation incurred for the benefit of, the person is not greater than an amount equal to 10 times the amount of the mean transfer or obligation of a similar kind given to nonmanagement employees for any purpose during the calendar year in which the transfer is made or the obligation is incurred; or (ii) if no such similar transfers were made to, or obligations were incurred for the benefit of, such nonmanagement employees during such calendar year, the amount of the transfer or obligation is not greater than an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount of any similar transfer or obligation made to or incurred for the benefit of such insider for any purpose during the calendar year before the year in which such transfer is made or obligation is incurred; (2) a severance payment to an insider of the debtor, unless— (A) the payment is part of a program that is generally applicable to all full-time employees; and (B) the amount of the payment is not greater than 10 times the amount of the mean severance pay given to nonmanagement employees during the calendar year in which the payment is made; or (3) other transfers or obligations that are outside the ordinary course of business and not justified by the facts and circumstances of the case, including transfers made to, or obligations incurred for the benefit of, officers, managers, or consultants hired after the date of the filing of the petition.