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12 U.S.C. § 2604 — Home buying information booklets

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2604 — Home buying information booklets

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Source location: Title 12, Chapter 27, § 2604; chapter-027-real-estate-settlement-procedures.md

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**(a) Preparation and distribution** The Director of the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (hereafter in this section referred to as the “Director”) shall prepare, at least once every 5 years, a booklet to help consumers applying for federally related mortgage loans to understand the nature and costs of real estate settlement services. The Director shall prepare the booklet in various languages and cultural styles, as the Director determines to be appropriate, so that the booklet is understandable and accessible to homebuyers of different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The Director shall distribute such booklets to all lenders that make federally related mortgage loans. The Director shall also distribute to such lenders lists, organized by location, of homeownership counselors certified under [section 1701x(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1701x/e&num=0&edition=prelim) for use in complying with the requirement under subsection (c) of this section. **(b) Contents** Each booklet shall be in such form and detail as the Director shall prescribe and, in addition to such other information as the Director may provide, shall include in plain and understandable language the following information: (1) A description and explanation of the nature and purpose of the costs incident to a real estate settlement or a federally related mortgage loan. The description and explanation shall provide general information about the mortgage process as well as specific information concerning, at a minimum— (A) balloon payments; (B) prepayment penalties; (C) the advantages of prepayment; and (D) the trade-off between closing costs and the interest rate over the life of the loan. (2) An explanation and sample of the uniform settlement statement required by [section 2603 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2603&num=0&edition=prelim). (3) A list and explanation of lending practices, including those prohibited by the Truth in Lending Act or other applicable Federal law, and of other unfair practices and unreasonable or unnecessary charges to be avoided by the prospective buyer with respect to a real estate settlement. (4) A list and explanation of questions a consumer obtaining a federally related mortgage loan should ask regarding the loan, including whether the consumer will have the ability to repay the loan, whether the consumer sufficiently shopped for the loan, whether the loan terms include prepayment penalties or balloon payments, and whether the loan will benefit the borrower. (5) An explanation of the right of rescission as to certain transactions provided by sections 125 and 129 of the Truth in Lending Act [[15 U.S.C. 1635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1635&num=0&edition=prelim), 1639]. (6) A brief explanation of the nature of a variable rate mortgage and a reference to the booklet entitled “Consumer Handbook on Adjustable Rate Mortgages”, published by the Director, or to any suitable substitute of such booklet that the Director may subsequently adopt pursuant to such section. (7) A brief explanation of the nature of a home equity line of credit and a reference to the pamphlet required to be provided under section 127A of the Truth in Lending Act [[15 U.S.C. 1637a](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1637a&num=0&edition=prelim)]. (8) Information about homeownership counseling services made available pursuant to [section 1701x(a)(4) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1701x/a/4&num=0&edition=prelim), a recommendation that the consumer use such services, and notification that a list of certified providers of homeownership counseling in the area, and their contact information, is available. (9) An explanation of the nature and purpose of escrow accounts when used in connection with loans secured by residential real estate and the requirements under [section 2609 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2609&num=0&edition=prelim) regarding such accounts. (10) An explanation of the choices available to buyers of residential real estate in selecting persons to provide necessary services incidental to a real estate settlement. (11) An explanation of a consumer’s responsibilities, liabilities, and obligations in a mortgage transaction. (12) An explanation of the nature and purpose of real estate appraisals, including the difference between an appraisal and a home inspection. (13) Notice that the Office of Housing of the Department of Housing and Urban Development has made publicly available a brochure regarding loan fraud and a World Wide Web address and toll-free telephone number for obtaining the brochure. (14) An explanation of flood insurance and the availability of flood insurance under the National Flood Insurance Program or from a private insurance company, whether or not the real estate is located in an area having special flood hazards, and the following statement: “Although you may not be required to maintain flood insurance on all structures, you may still wish to do so, and your mortgage lender may still require you to do so to protect the collateral securing the mortgage. If you choose to not maintain flood insurance on a structure, and it floods, you are responsible for all flood losses relating to that structure.”. The booklet prepared pursuant to this section shall take into consideration differences in real estate settlement procedures that may exist among the several States and territories of the United States and among separate political subdivisions within the same State and territory. **(c) Estimate of charges** Each lender shall include with the booklet a good faith estimate of the amount or range of charges for specific settlement services the borrower is likely to incur in connection with the settlement as prescribed by the Bureau. Each lender shall also include with the booklet a reasonably complete or updated list of homeownership counselors who are certified pursuant to [section 1701x(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section1701x/e&num=0&edition=prelim) and located in the area of the lender. **(d) Distribution by lenders to loan applicants at time of receipt or preparation of applications** Each lender referred to in subsection (a) shall provide the booklet described in such subsection to each person from whom it receives or for whom it prepares a written application to borrow money to finance the purchase of residential real estate. The lender shall provide the booklet in the version that is most appropriate for the person receiving it. Such booklet shall be provided by delivering it or placing it in the mail not later than 3 business days after the lender receives the application, but no booklet need be provided if the lender denies the application for credit before the end of the 3-day period. **(e) Printing and distribution by lenders of booklets approved by Bureau** Booklets may be printed and distributed by lenders if their form and content are approved by the Bureau as meeting the requirements of subsection (b) of this section.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

12 U.S.C. § 2603 — Uniform settlement statement

**(a) Disclosure for mortgage loan transactions** The Bureau shall publish a single, integrated disclosure for mortgage loan transactions (including real estate settlement cost statements) which includes the disclosure requirements of this section and [section 2604 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section2604&num=0&edition=prelim), in conjunction with the disclosure requirements of the Truth in Lending Act [[15 U.S.C. 1601](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section1601&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] that, taken together, may apply to a transaction that is subject to both or either provisions of law. The purpose of such model disclosure shall be to facilitate compliance with the disclosure requirements of this chapter 11 See References in Text note below. and the Truth in Lending Act, and to aid the borrower or lessee in understanding the transaction by utilizing readily understandable language to simplify the technical nature of the disclosures. Such forms shall conspicuously and clearly itemize all charges imposed upon the borrower and all charges imposed upon the seller in connection with the settlement and shall indicate whether any title insurance premium included in such charges covers or insures the lender’s interest in the property, the borrower’s interest, or both. The Bureau may, by regulation, permit the deletion from the forms prescribed under this section of items which are not, under local laws or customs, applicable in any locality, except that such regulation shall require that the numerical code prescribed by the Bureau be retained in forms to be used in all localities. Nothing in this section may be construed to require that that part of the standard forms which relate

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12 U.S.C. § 2601 — Congressional findings and purpose

**(a)** The Congress finds that significant reforms in the real estate settlement process are needed to insure that consumers throughout the Nation are provided with greater and more timely information on the nature and costs of the settlement process and are protected from unnecessarily high settlement charges caused by certain abusive practices that have developed in some areas of the country. The Congress also finds that it has been over two years since the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs submitted their joint report to the Congress on “Mortgage Settlement Costs” and that the time has come for the recommendations for Federal legislative action made in that report to be implemented. **(b)** It is the purpose of this chapter to effect certain changes in the settlement process for residential real estate that will result— (1) in more effective advance disclosure to home buyers and sellers of settlement costs; (2) in the elimination of kickbacks or referral fees that tend to increase unnecessarily the costs of certain settlement services; (3) in a reduction in the amounts home buyers are required to place in escrow accounts established to insure the payment of real estate taxes and insurance; and (4) in significant reform and modernization of local recordkeeping of land title information.

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15 U.S.C. § 1601 — Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

**(a) Informed use of credit** The Congress finds that economic stabilization would be enhanced and the competition among the various financial institutions and other firms engaged in the extension of consumer credit would be strengthened by the informed use of credit. The informed use of credit results from an awareness of the cost thereof by consumers. It is the purpose of this subchapter to assure a meaningful disclosure of credit terms so that the consumer will be able to compare more readily the various credit terms available to him and avoid the uninformed use of credit, and to protect the consumer against inaccurate and unfair credit billing and credit card practices. **(b) Terms of personal property leases** The Congress also finds that there has been a recent trend toward leasing automobiles and other durable goods for consumer use as an alternative to installment credit sales and that these leases have been offered without adequate cost disclosures. It is the purpose of this subchapter to assure a meaningful disclosure of the terms of leases of personal property for personal, family, or household purposes so as to enable the lessee to compare more readily the various lease terms available to him, limit balloon payments in consumer leasing, enable comparison of lease terms with credit terms where appropriate, and to assure meaningful and accurate disclosures of lease terms in advertisements.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 552a — Records maintained on individuals

**(a) Definitions.—** For purposes of this section— (1) the term “agency” means agency as defined in section 552(e) 11 See References in Text note below. of this title; (2) the term “individual” means a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence; (3) the term “maintain” includes maintain, collect, use, or disseminate; (4) the term “record” means any item, collection, or grouping of information about an individual that is maintained by an agency, including, but not limited to, his education, financial transactions, medical history, and criminal or employment history and that contains his name, or the identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual, such as a finger or voice print or a photograph; (5) the term “system of records” means a group of any records under the control of any agency from which information is retrieved by the name of the individual or by some identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual; (6) the term “statistical record” means a record in a system of records maintained for statistical research or reporting purposes only and not used in whole or in part in making any determination about an identifiable individual, except as provided by [section 8 of title 13](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title13-section8&num=0&edition=prelim); (7) the term “routine use” means, with respect to the disclosure of a record, the use of such record for a purpose which is compatible with the purpose for which it was collected; (8) the term “matching program”— (A) means any computerized comparison of— (i) two or more automated systems of records or a system of records with non-Federal records for the purpose

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12 U.S.C. § 2602 — Definitions

For purposes of this chapter— (1) the term “federally related mortgage loan” includes any loan (other than temporary financing such as a construction loan) which— (A) is secured by a first or subordinate lien on residential real property (including individual units of condominiums and cooperatives) designed principally for the occupancy of from one to four families, including any such secured loan, the proceeds of which are used to prepay or pay off an existing loan secured by the same property; and (B) (i) is made in whole or in part by any lender the deposits or accounts of which are insured by any agency of the Federal Government, or is made in whole or in part by any lender which is regulated by any agency of the Federal Government, or (ii) is made in whole or in part, or insured, guaranteed, supplemented, or assisted in any way, by the Secretary or any other officer or agency of the Federal Government or under or in connection with a housing or urban development program administered by the Secretary or a housing or related program administered by any other such officer or agency; or (iii) is intended to be sold by the originating lender to the Federal National Mortgage Association, the Government National Mortgage Association, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or a financial institution from which it is to be purchased by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation; or (iv) is made in whole or in part by any “creditor”, as defined in section 1602(f) 11 See References in Text note below. of title 15, who makes or invests in residential real estate loans aggregating more than $1,000,000 per year, except that for the purpose of this chapter, the term “creditor” does not include any agency or instrumentality of any State; (2) the te

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12 U.S.C. § 2609 — Limitation on requirement of advance deposits in escrow accounts

**(a) In general** A lender, in connection with a federally related mortgage loan, may not require the borrower or prospective borrower— (1) to deposit in any escrow account which may be established in connection with such loan for the purpose of assuring payment of taxes, insurance premiums, or other charges with respect to the property, in connection with the settlement, an aggregate sum (for such purpose) in excess of a sum that will be sufficient to pay such taxes, insurance premiums and other charges attributable to the period beginning on the last date on which each such charge would have been paid under the normal lending practice of the lender and local custom, provided that the selection of each such date constitutes prudent lending practice, and ending on the due date of its first full installment payment under the mortgage, plus one-sixth of the estimated total amount of such taxes, insurance premiums and other charges to be paid on dates, as provided above, during the ensuing twelve-month period; or (2) to deposit in any such escrow account in any month beginning with the first full installment payment under the mortgage a sum (for the purpose of assuring payment of taxes, insurance premiums and other charges with respect to the property) in excess of the sum of (A) one-twelfth of the total amount of the estimated taxes, insurance premiums and other charges which are reasonably anticipated to be paid on dates during the ensuing twelve months which dates are in accordance with the normal lending practice of the lender and local custom, provided that the selection of each such date constitutes prudent lending practice, plus (B) such amount as is necessary to maintain an additional balance in such escrow account not to exceed one-sixth of the estimated total

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15 U.S.C. § 1635 — Right of rescission as to certain transactions

**(a) Disclosure of obligor’s right to rescind** Except as otherwise provided in this section, in the case of any consumer credit transaction (including opening or increasing the credit limit for an open end credit plan) in which a security interest, including any such interest arising by operation of law, is or will be retained or acquired in any property which is used as the principal dwelling of the person to whom credit is extended, the obligor shall have the right to rescind the transaction until midnight of the third business day following the consummation of the transaction or the delivery of the information and rescission forms required under this section together with a statement containing the material disclosures required under this subchapter, whichever is later, by notifying the creditor, in accordance with regulations of the Bureau, of his intention to do so. The creditor shall clearly and conspicuously disclose, in accordance with regulations of the Bureau, to any obligor in a transaction subject to this section the rights of the obligor under this section. The creditor shall also provide, in accordance with regulations of the Bureau, appropriate forms for the obligor to exercise his right to rescind any transaction subject to this section. **(b) Return of money or property following rescission** When an obligor exercises his right to rescind under subsection (a), he is not liable for any finance or other charge, and any security interest given by the obligor, including any such interest arising by operation of law, becomes void upon such a rescission. Within 20 days after receipt of a notice of rescission, the creditor shall return to the obligor any money or property given as earnest money, downpayment, or otherwise, and shall take any action necessary

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15 U.S.C. § 1637a — Disclosure requirements for open end consumer credit plans secured by consumer’s principal dwelling

**(a) Application disclosures** In the case of any open end consumer credit plan which provides for any extension of credit which is secured by the consumer’s principal dwelling, the creditor shall make the following disclosures in accordance with subsection (b): (1) **Fixed annual percentage rate** — Each annual percentage rate imposed in connection with extensions of credit under the plan and a statement that such rate does not include costs other than interest. (2) **Variable percentage rate** — In the case of a plan which provides for variable rates of interest on credit extended under the plan— (A) a description of the manner in which such rate will be computed and a statement that such rate does not include costs other than interest; (B) a description of the manner in which any changes in the annual percentage rate will be made, including— (i) any negative amortization and interest rate carryover; (ii) the timing of any such changes; (iii) any index or margin to which such changes in the rate are related; and (iv) a source of information about any such index; (C) if an initial annual percentage rate is offered which is not based on an index— (i) a statement of such rate and the period of time such initial rate will be in effect; and (ii) a statement that such rate does not include costs other than interest; (D) a statement that the consumer should ask about the current index value and interest rate; (E) a statement of the maximum amount by which the annual percentage rate may change in any 1-year period or a statement that no such limit exists; (F) a statement of the maximum annual percentage rate that may be imposed at any time under the plan; (G) subject to subsection (b)(3), a table, based on a $10,000 extens

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42 U.S.C. § 3533 — Officers of Department

**(a) Deputy Secretary, Assistant Secretaries, and General Counsel** (1) There shall be in the Department a Deputy Secretary, 7 Assistant Secretaries, and a General Counsel, who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and who shall perform such functions, powers, and duties as the Secretary shall prescribe from time to time. (2) There shall be in the Department an Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, who shall be appointed by the President and shall perform such functions, powers, and duties as the Secretary shall prescribe from time to time. **(b) Federal Housing Commissioner** There shall be in the Department a Federal Housing Commissioner, who shall be one of the Assistant Secretaries, who shall head a Federal Housing Administration within the Department, who shall have such duties and powers as may be prescribed by the Secretary, and who shall administer, under the supervision and direction of the Secretary, departmental programs relating to the private mortgage market. The Secretary shall ensure, to the extent practicable, that managers of Federal Housing Administration programs, at each level of the Department, shall be accountable for program operation, risk management, management of cash and other Federal assets, and program financing related to activities over which such managers have responsibility. **(c) Director of Urban Program Coordination; designation; powers and duties; studies of urban and community problems and recommendations for administration of Federal programs affecting such problems** There shall be in the Department a Director of Urban Program Coordination, who shall be designated by the Secretary. He shall assist the Secretary in carrying out his responsibilities to the President with respect

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42 U.S.C. § 4011 — Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

**(a) Necessity and reasons for flood insurance program** The Congress finds that (1) from time to time flood disasters have created personal hardships and economic distress which have required unforeseen disaster relief measures and have placed an increasing burden on the Nation’s resources; (2) despite the installation of preventive and protective works and the adoption of other public programs designed to reduce losses caused by flood damage, these methods have not been sufficient to protect adequately against growing exposure to future flood losses; (3) as a matter of national policy, a reasonable method of sharing the risk of flood losses is through a program of flood insurance which can complement and encourage preventive and protective measures; and (4) if such a program is initiated and carried out gradually, it can be expanded as knowledge is gained and experience is appraised, thus eventually making flood insurance coverage available on reasonable terms and conditions to persons who have need for such protection. **(b) Participation of Federal Government in flood insurance program carried out by private insurance industry** The Congress also finds that (1) many factors have made it uneconomic for the private insurance industry alone to make flood insurance available to those in need of such protection on reasonable terms and conditions; but (2) a program of flood insurance with large-scale participation of the Federal Government and carried out to the maximum extent practicable by the private insurance industry is feasible and can be initiated. **(c) Unified national program for flood plain management** The Congress further finds that (1) a program of flood insurance can promote the public interest by providing appropriate protection against the perils of fl

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