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42 U.S.C. § 4011 — Congressional findings and declaration of purpose
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Necessity and reasons for flood insurance program** The Congress finds that (1) from time to time flood disasters have created personal hardships and economic distress which have required unforeseen disaster relief measures and have placed an increasing burden on the Nation’s resources; (2) despite the installation of preventive and protective works and the adoption of other public programs designed to reduce losses caused by flood damage, these methods have not been sufficient to protect adequately against growing exposure to future flood losses; (3) as a matter of national policy, a reasonable method of sharing the risk of flood losses is through a program of flood insurance which can complement and encourage preventive and protective measures; and (4) if such a program is initiated and carried out gradually, it can be expanded as knowledge is gained and experience is appraised, thus eventually making flood insurance coverage available on reasonable terms and conditions to persons who have need for such protection.
**(b) Participation of Federal Government in flood insurance program carried out by private insurance industry** The Congress also finds that (1) many factors have made it uneconomic for the private insurance industry alone to make flood insurance available to those in need of such protection on reasonable terms and conditions; but (2) a program of flood insurance with large-scale participation of the Federal Government and carried out to the maximum extent practicable by the private insurance industry is feasible and can be initiated.
**(c) Unified national program for flood plain management** The Congress further finds that (1) a program of flood insurance can promote the public interest by providing appropriate protection against the perils of fl
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-4011-congressional-findings-and-declaration-of-purpose--f69b4c109d.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 50, § 4011; chapter-050-national-flood-insurance.md
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**(a) Necessity and reasons for flood insurance program** The Congress finds that (1) from time to time flood disasters have created personal hardships and economic distress which have required unforeseen disaster relief measures and have placed an increasing burden on the Nation’s resources; (2) despite the installation of preventive and protective works and the adoption of other public programs designed to reduce losses caused by flood damage, these methods have not been sufficient to protect adequately against growing exposure to future flood losses; (3) as a matter of national policy, a reasonable method of sharing the risk of flood losses is through a program of flood insurance which can complement and encourage preventive and protective measures; and (4) if such a program is initiated and carried out gradually, it can be expanded as knowledge is gained and experience is appraised, thus eventually making flood insurance coverage available on reasonable terms and conditions to persons who have need for such protection.
**(b) Participation of Federal Government in flood insurance program carried out by private insurance industry** The Congress also finds that (1) many factors have made it uneconomic for the private insurance industry alone to make flood insurance available to those in need of such protection on reasonable terms and conditions; but (2) a program of flood insurance with large-scale participation of the Federal Government and carried out to the maximum extent practicable by the private insurance industry is feasible and can be initiated.
**(c) Unified national program for flood plain management** The Congress further finds that (1) a program of flood insurance can promote the public interest by providing appropriate protection against the perils of flood losses and encouraging sound land use by minimizing exposure of property to flood losses; and (2) the objectives of a flood insurance program should be integrally related to a unified national program for flood plain management and, to this end, it is the sense of Congress that within two years following the effective date of this chapter the President should transmit to the Congress for its consideration any further proposals necessary for such a unified program, including proposals for the allocation of costs among beneficiaries of flood protection.
**(d) Authorization of flood insurance program; flexibility in program** It is therefore the purpose of this chapter to (1) authorize a flood insurance program by means of which flood insurance, over a period of time, can be made available on a nationwide basis through the cooperative efforts of the Federal Government and the private insurance industry, and (2) provide flexibility in the program so that such flood insurance may be based on workable methods of pooling risks, minimizing costs, and distributing burdens equitably among those who will be protected by flood insurance and the general public.
**(e) Land use adjustments by State and local governments; development of proposed future construction; assistance of lending and credit institutions; relation of Federal assistance to all flood-related programs; continuing studies** It is the further purpose of this chapter to (1) encourage State and local governments to make appropriate land use adjustments to constrict the development of land which is exposed to flood damage and minimize damage caused by flood losses, (2) guide the development of proposed future construction, where practicable, away from locations which are threatened by flood hazards, (3) encourage lending and credit institutions, as a matter of national policy, to assist in furthering the objectives of the flood insurance program, (4) assure that any Federal assistance provided under the program will be related closely to all flood-related programs and activities of the Federal Government, and (5) authorize continuing studies of flood hazards in order to provide for a constant reappraisal of the flood insurance program and its effect on land use requirements.
**(f) Mudslides** The Congress also finds that (1) the damage and loss which results from mudslides is related in cause and similar in effect to that which results directly from storms, deluges, overflowing waters, and other forms of flooding, and (2) the problems involved in providing protection against this damage and loss, and the possibilities for making such protection available through a Federal or federally sponsored program, are similar to those which exist in connection with efforts to provide protection against damage and loss caused by such other forms of flooding. It is therefore the further purpose of this chapter to make available, by means of the methods, procedures, and instrumentalities which are otherwise established or available under this chapter for purposes of the flood insurance program, protection against damage and loss resulting from mudslides that are caused by accumulations of water on or under the ground.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Administrator is authorized to encourage and otherwise assist any insurance companies and other insurers which meet the requirements prescribed under subsection (b) to form, associate, or otherwise join together in a pool—
(1) in order to provide the flood insurance coverage authorized under subchapter I; and
(2) for the purpose of assuming, including as reinsurance of coverage provided by the flood insurance program, on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon, such financial responsibility as will enable such companies and other insurers, with the Federal financial and other assistance available under this chapter, to assume a reasonable proportion of responsibility for the adjustment and payment of claims for losses under the flood insurance program.
**(b)** In order to promote the effective administration of the flood insurance program under this part, and to assure that the objectives of this chapter are furthered, the Administrator is authorized to prescribe appropriate requirements for insurance companies and other insurers participating in such pool including, but not limited to, minimum requirements for capital or surplus or assets.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4057
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Regulations respecting general terms and conditions of insurability** The Administrator shall from time to time, after consultation with the advisory committee authorized under [section 4025 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4025&num=0&edition=prelim), appropriate representatives of the pool formed or otherwise created under [section 4051 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4051&num=0&edition=prelim), and appropriate representatives of the insurance authorities of the respective States, provide by regulation for general terms and conditions of insurability which shall be applicable to properties eligible for flood insurance coverage under [section 4012 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4012&num=0&edition=prelim), including—
(1) the types, classes, and locations of any such properties which shall be eligible for flood insurance;
(2) the nature and limits of loss or damage in any areas (or subdivisions thereof) which may be covered by such insurance;
(3) the classification, limitation, and rejection of any risks which may be advisable;
(4) appropriate minimum premiums;
(5) appropriate loss-deductibles; and
(6) any other terms and conditions relating to insurance coverage or exclusion which may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
**(b) Regulations respecting amount of coverage** In addition to any other terms and conditions under subsection (a), such regulations shall provide that—
(1) any flood insurance coverage based on chargeable premium rates under [section 4015 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4015&num=0&editio
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4016
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 114–94, div. D, title XLI, § 41013, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1761, provided that this subchapter shall terminate 7 years after Dec. 4, 2015.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4321
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Priority for insurance for certain residential and church properties and business concerns** In carrying out the flood insurance program the Administrator shall afford a priority to making flood insurance available to cover residential properties which are designed for the occupancy of from one to four families, church properties, and business properties which are owned or leased and operated by small business concerns.
**(b) Availability of insurance for other properties** If on the basis of—
(1) studies and investigations undertaken and carried out and information received or exchanged under [section 4014 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4014&num=0&edition=prelim), and
(2) such other information as may be necessary,
the Administrator determines that it would be feasible to extend the flood insurance program to cover other properties, he may take such action under this chapter as from time to time may be necessary in order to make flood insurance available to cover, on such basis as may be feasible, any types and classes of—
(A) other residential properties not described in subsection (a) or (d),
(B) other business properties,
(C) agricultural properties,
(D) properties occupied by private nonprofit organizations, and
(E) properties owned by State and local governments and agencies thereof,
and any such extensions of the program to any types and classes of these properties shall from time to time be prescribed in regulations.
**(c) Availability of insurance in States or areas evidencing positive interest in securing insurance and assuring adoption of adequate land use and control measures** The Administrator shall make flood insurance available in only those States or areas (or subdivisions thereo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4015
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) to (d) Repealed. Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, § 1303(c), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 573**
**(e) Issuance of notes by Administrator of Federal Emergency Management Agency; form, terms and conditions; purchase and sale by Secretary of the Treasury; public debt transactions** The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency is authorized to issue to the Secretary of the Treasury from time to time and have outstanding at any one time, in an amount not exceeding $500,000,000 (or such greater amount as may be approved by the President) notes or other obligations in such forms and denominations, bearing such maturities, and subject to such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury. Such notes or other obligations shall bear interest at a rate determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, taking into consideration the current average market yield on outstanding marketable obligations of the United States of comparable maturities during the month preceding the issuance of such notes or other obligations. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and directed to purchase any notes and other obligations to be issued under this subsection and for such purpose he is authorized to use as a public debt transaction the proceeds from the sale of any securities issued under chapter 31 of title 31, and the purposes for which securities may be issued under such chapter are extended to include any purchases of such notes and obligations. The Secretary of the Treasury may at any time sell any of the notes or other obligations acquired by him under this section. All redemptions, purchases, and sales by the Secretary of the Treasury of such notes or other obligation
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2414
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 542
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **COASTAL Formula** — The term “COASTAL Formula” has the meaning given the term in [section 4057(a) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4057/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Coastal State** — The term “coastal State” has the meaning given the term “coastal state” in [section 1453 of title 16](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1453&num=0&edition=prelim), except that the term shall not apply with respect to a State or territory that has an operational wind and flood loss allocation system.
(3) **Coastal waters** — The term “coastal waters” has the meaning given the term in such section.
(4) **Covered data** — The term “covered data” means, with respect to a named storm identified by the Administrator under subsection (b)(2)(A), empirical data that are—
(A) collected before, during, or after such storm; and
(B) necessary to determine magnitude and timing of wind speeds, rainfall, the barometric pressure, river flows, the extent, height, and timing of storm surge, topographic and bathymetric data, and other measures required to accurately model and assess damage from such storm.
(5) **Indeterminate loss** — The term “indeterminate loss” has the meaning given the term in [section 4057(a) of title 42](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4057/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(6) **Named storm** — The term “named storm” means any organized weather system with a defined surface circulation and maximum sustained winds of at least 39 miles per hour which the National Hurricane Center of the United States National Weather Service names as a tropical storm or a hurricane.
(7) **Named Storm Event Model** — T
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 33 U.S.C. § 3611
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** As used in this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, the term—
(1) “community” means a State or a political subdivision thereof which has zoning and building code jurisdiction over a particular area having special flood hazards;
(2) “Federal agency” means any department, agency, corporation, or other entity or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government, and includes the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation;
(3) “financial assistance” means any form of loan, grant, guaranty, insurance, payment, rebate, subsidy, disaster assistance loan or grant, or any other form of direct or indirect Federal assistance, other than general or special revenue sharing or formula grants made to States;
(4) “financial assistance for acquisition or construction purposes” means any form of financial assistance which is intended in whole or in part for the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, repair, or improvement of any publicly or privately owned building or mobile home, and for any machinery, equipment, fixtures, and furnishings contained or to be contained therein, and shall include the purchase or subsidization of mortgages or mortgage loans but shall exclude assistance pursuant to the Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act [[42 U.S.C. 5121](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section5121&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] (other than assistance under such Act in connection with a flood);
(5) “Federal entity for lending regulation” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Comptroller of the Currency, the National Credit Union Administration, and the Farm Credit Administration, and with respect
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4012a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment; availability** To carry out the flood insurance program authorized by this chapter, the Administrator shall establish in the Treasury of the United States a National Flood Insurance Fund (hereinafter referred to as the “fund”) which shall be an account separate from any other accounts or funds available to the Administrator and shall be available as described in subsection (f), without fiscal year limitation (except as otherwise provided in this section)—
(1) for making such payments as may, from time to time, be required under [section 4054 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4054&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) to pay reinsurance claims under the excess loss reinsurance coverage provided under [section 4055 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4055&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) to repay to the Secretary of the Treasury such sums as may be borrowed from him (together with interest) in accordance with the authority provided in [section 4016 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4016&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(4) to the extent approved in appropriations Acts, to pay any administrative expenses of the flood insurance and floodplain management programs (including the costs of mapping activities under [section 4101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4101&num=0&edition=prelim));
(5) for the purposes specified in subsection (d) under the conditions provided therein;
(6) for carrying out the program under [section 4022(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section4022/b&num=0&edition=prelim);
(
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4021
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Interagency budget crosscut and coordination report**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary of Homeland Security, the Administrator, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the heads of each Federal department or agency carrying out activities under sections 4101a and 4101b of this title shall work together to ensure that flood risk determination data and geospatial data are shared among Federal agencies in order to coordinate the efforts of the Nation to reduce its vulnerability to flooding hazards.
(2) **Report** — Not later than 30 days after the submission of the budget of the United States Government by the President to Congress, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in coordination with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the United States Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Corps of Engineers, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate authorizing and appropriating committees of the Senate and the House of Representatives an interagency budget crosscut and coordination report, certified by the Secretary or head of each such agency, that—
(A) contains an interagency budget crosscut report that displays relevant sections of the budget proposed for each of the Federal agencies working on flood risk determination data and digital elevation models, including any planned interagency or intra-agency transfers; and
(B) describes how the efforts aligned with such sections complement one another.
**(b) Duties of the Administrator** In carrying out sections 4101a and 4101b of this title, the Administrator shall—
(1) participate, pursuant to section 216 of the E–Government Act of 2002 ([44 U.S.C. 3501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:US
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4103
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