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45 U.S.C. § 54a — Certain Federal and State regulations deemed statutory authority
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
A regulation, standard, or requirement in force, or prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 201 of title 49 or by a State agency that is participating in investigative and surveillance activities under [section 20105 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20105&num=0&edition=prelim), is deemed to be a statute under sections 53 and 54 of this title.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 45 U.S.C. § 54a
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_ec7ad011f2971fdb41e9701e
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-45/section-54a-certain-federal-and-state-regulations-deemed-statutory-authority--4d20c4199e.md
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Source location: Title 45, Chapter 2, § 54a; chapter-002-liability-for-injuries-to-employees.md
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A regulation, standard, or requirement in force, or prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation under chapter 201 of title 49 or by a State agency that is participating in investigative and surveillance activities under [section 20105 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20105&num=0&edition=prelim), is deemed to be a statute under sections 53 and 54 of this title.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Investigative and Surveillance Activities.—** The Secretary concerned may prescribe investigative and surveillance activities necessary to enforce the safety regulations prescribed and orders issued by the Secretary 11 So in original. Probably should be “Secretary concerned”. that apply to railroad equipment, facilities, rolling stock, and operations in a State. The State may participate in those activities when the safety practices for railroad equipment, facilities, rolling stock, and operations in the State are regulated by a State authority and the authority submits to the Secretary concerned an annual certification as provided in subsection (b) of this section.
**(b) Annual Certification.—**
(1) A State authority’s annual certification must include—
(A) a certification that the authority—
(i) has regulatory jurisdiction over the safety practices for railroad equipment, facilities, rolling stock, and operations in the State;
(ii) was given a copy of each safety regulation prescribed and order issued by the Secretary concerned, that applies to the equipment, facilities, rolling stock, or operations, as of the date of certification; and
(iii) is conducting the investigative and surveillance activities prescribed by the Secretary concerned under subsection (a) of this section; and
(B) a report, in the form the Secretary concerned prescribes by regulation, that includes—
(i) the name and address of each railroad carrier subject to the safety jurisdiction of the authority;
(ii) each accident or incident reported during the prior 12 months by a railroad carrier involving a fatality, personal injury requiring hospitalization, or property damage of more than $750 (or a higher amount prescribed by the Secretary concerned), and a summary
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20105
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** No individual shall be discriminated against on the basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of specified public transportation services provided by a private entity that is primarily engaged in the business of transporting people and whose operations affect commerce.
**(b) Construction** For purposes of subsection (a), discrimination includes—
(1) the imposition or application by a 11 So in original. Probably should be “an”. entity described in subsection (a) of eligibility criteria that screen out or tend to screen out an individual with a disability or any class of individuals with disabilities from fully enjoying the specified public transportation services provided by the entity, unless such criteria can be shown to be necessary for the provision of the services being offered;
(2) the failure of such entity to—
(A) make reasonable modifications consistent with those required under [section 12182(b)(2)(A)(ii) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12182/b/2/A/ii&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) provide auxiliary aids and services consistent with the requirements of [section 12182(b)(2)(A)(iii) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12182/b/2/A/iii&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(C) remove barriers consistent with the requirements of [section 12182(b)(2)(A) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12182/b/2/A&num=0&edition=prelim) and with the requirements of [section 12183(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section12183/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) the purchase or lease by such entity of a new vehicle (other than an automobi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 12187
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 431, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 202, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 971; Pub. L. 94–348, § 5, July 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 819; Pub. L. 96–423, § 14, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1817; Pub. L. 97–468, title VII, § 702(a), (c), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2579; Pub. L. 100–342, §§ 4(a), 7, 9, 10, 19(a), 21–23, June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 625, 628, 629, 637–639; Pub. L. 102–143, title V, § 4, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 957; Pub. L. 102–365, §§ 2, 5(a)(1), 7, 8, 10, Sept. 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 972, 975, 976, 978; Pub. L. 102–533, § 14, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3522, authorized Secretary of Transportation to promulgate rules, regulations, orders, and standards for all areas of railroad safety. See sections 20102, 20103, 20103 note, 20108, 20110, 20114, 20131 to 20143, and 24902 of Title 49, Transportation.
Section 432, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 203, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972; Pub. L. 96–423, § 3, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1811, related to emergency powers of Secretary of Transportation. See [section 20104 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20104&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 433, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 204, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972, required Secretary of Transportation to submit comprehensive study and recommendation of means of eliminating and protecting railroad grade crossings and protecting pedestrians. See [section 20134 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section20134&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 434, Pub. L. 91–458, title II, § 205, Oct. 16, 1970, 84 Stat. 972, declared that laws, rules, regulations, orders, and standards relating to railroad safety were to be nationally uniform, but permitted more stringent yet compatible State regulation. See [section
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 45 U.S.C. § 431 to 447
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 4
TITLE 45—RAILROADS
§ 51
Sec.
59.
Survival of right of action of person injured.
60.
Penalty for suppression of voluntary informa-
tion incident to accidents; separability.
§ 51. Liability of common carriers by railroad, in
interstate or foreign commerce, for injuries
to employees from negligence; employee de-
fined
Every common carrier by railroad while en-
gaging in commerce between any of the several
States or Territories, or between any of the
States and Territories, or between the District
of Columbia and any of the States or Terri-
tories, or between the District of Columbia or
any of the States or Territories and any foreign
nation or nations, shall be liable in damages to
any person suffering injury while he is employed
by such carrier in such commerce, or, in case of
the death of such employee, to his or her per-
sonal representative, for the benefit of the sur-
viving widow or husband and children of such
employee; and, if none, then of such employee’s
parents; and, if none, then of the next of kin de-
pendent upon such employee, for such injury or
death resulting in whole or in part from the neg-
ligence of any of the officers, agents, or employ-
ees of such carrier, or by reason of any defect or
insufficiency, due to its negligence, in its cars,
engines, appliances, machinery, track, roadbed,
works, boats, wharves, or other equipment.
Any employee of a carrier, any part of whose
duties as such employee shall be the furtherance
of interstate or foreign commerce; or shall, in
any way directly or closely and substantially,
affect such commerce as above set forth shall,
for the purposes of this chapter, be considered as
being employed by such carrier in such com-
merce and shall be considered as entitled to the
benefits of thi
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 45 U.S.C. § 54a
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