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26 U.S.C. § 196 — Deduction for certain unused business credits
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of deduction** If any portion of the qualified business credits determined for any taxable year has not, after the application of section 38(c), been allowed to the taxpayer as a credit under section 38 for any taxable year, an amount equal to the credit not so allowed shall be allowed to the taxpayer as a deduction for the first taxable year following the last taxable year for which such credit could, under section 39, have been allowed as a credit.
**(b) Taxpayer’s dying or ceasing to exist** If a taxpayer dies or ceases to exist before the first taxable year following the last taxable year for which the qualified business credits could, under section 39, have been allowed as a credit, the amount described in subsection (a) (or the proper portion thereof) shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be allowed to the taxpayer as a deduction for the taxable year in which such death or cessation occurs.
**(c) Qualified business credits** For purposes of this section, the term “qualified business credits” means—
(1) the investment credit determined under section 46 (but only to the extent attributable to property the basis of which is reduced by section 50(c)),
(2) the work opportunity credit determined under section 51(a),
(3) the alcohol fuels credit determined under section 40(a),
(4) the research credit determined under section 41(a) (other than such credit determined under section 280C(c)(3)) 11 See References in Text note below. for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1988,
(5) the enhanced oil recovery credit determined under section 43(a),
(6) the empowerment zone employment credit determined under section 1396(a),
(7) the Indian employment credit determined under section 45A(a),
(8) the employer Social Security credit de
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 196
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-26/section-196-deduction-for-certain-unused-business-credits--4e54fa2fbd.md
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 1, § 196; chapter-001-normal-taxes-and-surtaxes.md
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**(a) Allowance of deduction** If any portion of the qualified business credits determined for any taxable year has not, after the application of section 38(c), been allowed to the taxpayer as a credit under section 38 for any taxable year, an amount equal to the credit not so allowed shall be allowed to the taxpayer as a deduction for the first taxable year following the last taxable year for which such credit could, under section 39, have been allowed as a credit.
**(b) Taxpayer’s dying or ceasing to exist** If a taxpayer dies or ceases to exist before the first taxable year following the last taxable year for which the qualified business credits could, under section 39, have been allowed as a credit, the amount described in subsection (a) (or the proper portion thereof) shall, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, be allowed to the taxpayer as a deduction for the taxable year in which such death or cessation occurs.
**(c) Qualified business credits** For purposes of this section, the term “qualified business credits” means—
(1) the investment credit determined under section 46 (but only to the extent attributable to property the basis of which is reduced by section 50(c)),
(2) the work opportunity credit determined under section 51(a),
(3) the alcohol fuels credit determined under section 40(a),
(4) the research credit determined under section 41(a) (other than such credit determined under section 280C(c)(3)) 11 See References in Text note below. for taxable years beginning after December 31, 1988,
(5) the enhanced oil recovery credit determined under section 43(a),
(6) the empowerment zone employment credit determined under section 1396(a),
(7) the Indian employment credit determined under section 45A(a),
(8) the employer Social Security credit determined under section 45B(a),
(9) the new markets tax credit determined under section 45D(a),
(10) the small employer pension plan startup cost credit determined under section 45E(a),
(11) the biodiesel fuels credit determined under section 40A(a),
(12) the low sulfur diesel fuel production credit determined under section 45H(a),
(13) the new energy efficient home credit determined under section 45L(a), and
(14) the small employer health insurance credit determined under section 45R(a).
**(d) Special rule for investment tax credit** Subsection (a) shall be applied by substituting “an amount equal to 50 percent of” for “an amount equal to” in the case of the investment credit determined under section 46 (other than the rehabilitation credit).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act Aug. 2, 1954, ch. 649, title VIII, § 815, 68 Stat. 647, required submission of specifications by applicants prior to award of any contract for construction of a project and submission of data with respect to acquisition of land prior to authorization to purchase such land.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1437f
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** For purposes of section 38, the enhanced oil recovery credit for any taxable year is an amount equal to 15 percent of the taxpayer’s qualified enhanced oil recovery costs for such taxable year.
**(b) Phase-out of credit as crude oil prices increase**
(1) **In general** — The amount of the credit determined under subsection (a) for any taxable year shall be reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to the amount of such credit (determined without regard to this paragraph) as—
(A) the amount by which the reference price for the calendar year preceding the calendar year in which the taxable year begins exceeds $28, bears to
(B) $6.
(2) **Reference price** — For purposes of this subsection, the term “reference price” means, with respect to any calendar year, the reference price determined for such calendar year under section 45K(d)(2)(C).
(3) **Inflation adjustment**
(A) *In general* — In the case of any taxable year beginning in a calendar year after 1991, there shall be substituted for the $28 amount under paragraph (1)(A) an amount equal to the product of—
(i) $28, multiplied by
(ii) the inflation adjustment factor for such calendar year.
(B) *Inflation adjustment factor* — The term “inflation adjustment factor” means, with respect to any calendar year, a fraction the numerator of which is the GNP implicit price deflator for the preceding calendar year and the denominator of which is the GNP implicit price deflator for 1990. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the term “GNP implicit price deflator” means the first revision of the implicit price deflator for the gross national product as computed and published by the Secretary of Commerce. Not later than April 1 of any calendar year, the Secretary shall publish the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 43
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of credit**
(1) **In general** — In the case of an individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter the amount of the qualified adoption expenses paid or incurred by the taxpayer.
(2) **Year credit allowed** — The credit under paragraph (1) with respect to any expense shall be allowed—
(A) in the case of any expense paid or incurred before the taxable year in which such adoption becomes final, for the taxable year following the taxable year during which such expense is paid or incurred, and
(B) in the case of an expense paid or incurred during or after the taxable year in which such adoption becomes final, for the taxable year in which such expense is paid or incurred.
(3) **$10,000 credit for adoption of child with special needs regardless of expenses** — In the case of an adoption of a child with special needs which becomes final during a taxable year, the taxpayer shall be treated as having paid during such year qualified adoption expenses with respect to such adoption in an amount equal to the excess (if any) of $10,000 over the aggregate qualified adoption expenses actually paid or incurred by the taxpayer with respect to such adoption during such taxable year and all prior taxable years.
(4) **Portion of credit refundable** — So much of the credit allowed under paragraph (1) as does not exceed $5,000 shall be treated as a credit allowed under subpart C and not as a credit allowed under this subpart.
**(b) Limitations**
(1) **Dollar limitation** — The aggregate amount of qualified adoption expenses which may be taken into account under subsection (a) for all taxable years with respect to the adoption of a child by the taxpayer shall not exceed $10,000.
(2) **Income limitation**
(A) *In general* —
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 23
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of—
(1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and
(2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)),
a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $36,90015% of taxable income. Over $36,900 but not over $89,150$5,535, plus 28% of the excess over $36,900. Over $89,150 but not over $140,000$20,165, plus 31% of the excess over $89,150. Over $140,000 but not over $250,000$35,928.50, plus 36% of the excess over $140,000. Over $250,000$75,528.50, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.
**(b) Heads of households** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $29,60015% of taxable income. Over $29,600 but not over $76,400$4,440, plus 28% of the excess over $29,600. Over $76,400 but not over $127,500$17,544, plus 31% of the excess over $76,400. Over $127,500 but not over $250,000$33,385, plus 36% of the excess over $127,500. Over $250,000$77,485, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000.
**(c) Unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of households)** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every individual (other than a surviving spouse as defined in section 2(a) or the head of a household as defined in section 2(b)) who is not a married individual (as defined in section 7703) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $22,10015% of taxable income. Over $22,100 but not over $53,50
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of credit**
(1) **In general** — In the case of an individual for which there are 1 or more qualifying individuals (as defined in subsection (b)(1)) with respect to such individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the applicable percentage of the employment-related expenses (as defined in subsection (b)(2)) paid by such individual during the taxable year.
(2) **Applicable percentage defined** — For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “applicable percentage” means 50 percent—
(A) reduced (but not below 35 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 or fraction thereof by which the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $15,000, and
(B) further reduced (but not below 20 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 ($4,000 in the case of a joint return) or fraction thereof by which the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $75,000 ($150,000 in the case of a joint return).
**(b) Definitions of qualifying individual and employment-related expenses** For purposes of this section—
(1) **Qualifying individual** — The term “qualifying individual” means—
(A) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152(a)(1)) who has not attained age 13,
(B) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152, determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)) who is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer for more than one-half of such taxable year, or
(C) the spouse of the taxpayer, if the spouse is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abod
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 21
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of credit** There shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the sum of—
(1) the business credit carryforwards carried to such taxable year,
(2) the amount of the current year business credit, plus
(3) the business credit carrybacks carried to such taxable year.
**(b) Current year business credit** For purposes of this subpart, the amount of the current year business credit is the sum of the following credits determined for the taxable year:
(1) the investment credit determined under section 46,
(2) the work opportunity credit determined under section 51(a),
(3) the alcohol fuels credit determined under section 40(a),
(4) the research credit determined under section 41(a),
(5) the low-income housing credit determined under section 42(a),
(6) the enhanced oil recovery credit under section 43(a),
(7) in the case of an eligible small business (as defined in section 44(b)), the disabled access credit determined under section 44(a),
(8) the renewable electricity production credit under section 45(a),
(9) the empowerment zone employment credit determined under section 1396(a),
(10) the Indian employment credit as determined under section 45A(a),
(11) the employer social security credit determined under section 45B(a),
(12) the orphan drug credit determined under section 45C(a),
(13) the new markets tax credit determined under section 45D(a),
(14) in the case of an eligible employer (as defined in section 45E(c)), the small employer pension plan startup cost credit determined under section 45E(a),
(15) the employer-provided child care credit determined under section 45F(a),
(16) the railroad track maintenance credit determined under section 45G(a),
(17) the biodiesel fuels cr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 38
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** For purposes of section 38, the research credit determined under this section for the taxable year shall be an amount equal to the sum of—
(1) 20 percent of the excess (if any) of—
(A) the qualified research expenses for the taxable year, over
(B) the base amount,
(2) 20 percent of the basic research payments determined under subsection (e)(1)(A), and
(3) 20 percent of the amounts paid or incurred by the taxpayer in carrying on any trade or business of the taxpayer during the taxable year (including as contributions) to an energy research consortium for energy research.
**(b) Qualified research expenses** For purposes of this section—
(1) **Qualified research expenses** — The term “qualified research expenses” means the sum of the following amounts which are paid or incurred by the taxpayer during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business of the taxpayer—
(A) in-house research expenses, and
(B) contract research expenses.
(2) **In-house research expenses**
(A) *In general* — The term “in-house research expenses” means—
(i) any wages paid or incurred to an employee for qualified services performed by such employee,
(ii) any amount paid or incurred for supplies used in the conduct of qualified research, and
(iii) under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, any amount paid or incurred to another person for the right to use computers in the conduct of qualified research.
Clause (iii) shall not apply to any amount to the extent that the taxpayer (or any person with whom the taxpayer must aggregate expenditures under subsection (f)(1)) receives or accrues any amount from any other person for the right to use substantially identical personal property.
(B) *Qualified services* — The term “qualified s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 41
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** Proper adjustment in respect of the property shall in all cases be made—
(1) for expenditures, receipts, losses, or other items, properly chargeable to capital account, but no such adjustment shall be made—
(A) for—
(i) taxes or other carrying charges described in section 266; or
(ii) expenditures described in section 173 (relating to circulation expenditures),
for which deductions have been taken by the taxpayer in determining taxable income for the taxable year or prior taxable years; or
(B) for mortality, expense, or other reasonable charges incurred under an annuity or life insurance contract;
(2) in respect of any period since February 28, 1913, for exhaustion, wear and tear, obsolescence, amortization, and depletion, to the extent of the amount—
(A) allowed as deductions in computing taxable income under this subtitle or prior income tax laws, and
(B) resulting (by reason of the deductions so allowed) in a reduction for any taxable year of the taxpayer’s taxes under this subtitle (other than chapter 2, relating to tax on self-employment income), or prior income, war-profits, or excess-profits tax laws,
but not less than the amount allowable under this subtitle or prior income tax laws. Where no method has been adopted under section 167 (relating to depreciation deduction), the amount allowable shall be determined under the straight line method. Subparagraph (B) of this paragraph shall not apply in respect of any period since February 28, 1913, and before January 1, 1952, unless an election has been made under section 1020 (as in effect before the date of the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1976). Where for any taxable year before the taxable year 1932 the depletion allowance was based on discovery value or a pe
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 1016
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** Except as otherwise provided in this section, on the distribution of property by a corporation with respect to its stock, the earnings and profits of the corporation (to the extent thereof) shall be decreased by the sum of—
(1) the amount of money,
(2) the principal amount of the obligations of such corporation (or, in the case of obligations having original issue discount, the aggregate issue price of such obligations), and
(3) the adjusted basis of the other property, so distributed.
**(b) Distributions of appreciated property** On the distribution by a corporation, with respect to its stock, of any property (other than an obligation of such corporation) the fair market value of which exceeds the adjusted basis thereof—
(1) the earnings and profits of the corporation shall be increased by the amount of such excess, and
(2) subsection (a)(3) shall be applied by substituting “fair market value” for “adjusted basis”.
For purposes of this subsection and subsection (a), the adjusted basis of any property is its adjusted basis as determined for purposes of computing earnings and profits.
**(c) Adjustments for liabilities** In making the adjustments to the earnings and profits of a corporation under subsection (a) or (b), proper adjustment shall be made for—
(1) the amount of any liability to which the property distributed is subject, and
(2) the amount of any liability of the corporation assumed by a shareholder in connection with the distribution.
**(d) Certain distributions of stock and securities**
(1) **In general** — The distribution to a distributee by or on behalf of a corporation of its stock or securities, of stock or securities in another corporation, or of property, in a distribution to which this title applies, shall not be consid
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 312
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of section 38, the amount of the investment credit determined under this section for any taxable year shall be the sum of—
(1) the rehabilitation credit,
(2) the energy credit,
(3) the qualifying advanced coal project credit,
(4) the qualifying gasification project credit,
(5) the qualifying advanced energy project credit,
(6) the advanced manufacturing investment credit, and
(7) the clean electricity investment credit.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 46
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