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22 U.S.C. § 4028 — Training for Foreign Service officers

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 4028 — Training for Foreign Service officers

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_de88f937618739b2e4beefa7
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-4028-training-for-foreign-service-officers--af6f0d9b17.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 52, § 4028; chapter-052-foreign-service.md

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**(a) Human rights, religious freedom, and human trafficking training** (1) **In general** — The Secretary of State, with the assistance of other relevant officials, such as the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom appointed under [section 6411(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6411/b&num=0&edition=prelim), the Director of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking, and the director of the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center, shall establish as part of the standard training provided after January 1, 1999, for officers of the Service, including chiefs of mission, instruction in the field of internationally recognized human rights. Such training shall include— (A) instruction on international documents and United States policy in human rights, which shall be mandatory for all members of the Service having reporting responsibilities relating to human rights and for chiefs of mission; (B) instruction on the internationally recognized right to freedom of religion, the nature, activities, and beliefs of different religions, and the various aspects and manifestations of violations of religious freedom; (C) instruction on international documents and United States policy on trafficking in persons, including provisions of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (division A of Public Law 106–386; [22 U.S.C. 7101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) which may affect the United States bilateral relationships; and (D) for Foreign Service Officers who will be assigned to a country experiencing or at risk of mass atrocities, as determined by the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence and relevant civil society organizations, instruction on recognizing patterns of escalation and early warning signs of potential atrocities, and methods of preventing and responding to atrocities, including conflict assessment methods, peacebuilding, mediation for prevention, early action and response, and appropriate transitional justice measures to address atrocities. (2) **Religious freedom training** (A) *In general* — In carrying out the training required under paragraph (1)(B), the Director of the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center shall, not later than the one year after December 16, 2016, conduct training on religious freedom for all Foreign Service officers, including all entry level officers, all officers prior to departure for posting outside the United States, and all outgoing deputy chiefs of mission and ambassadors. Such training shall be included in— (i) the A–100 course attended by all Foreign Service officers; (ii) the courses required of every Foreign Service officer prior to a posting outside the United States, with segments tailored to the particular religious demography, religious freedom conditions, and United States strategies for advancing religious freedom, in each receiving country; and (iii) the courses required of all outgoing deputy chiefs of mission and ambassadors. (B) *Development of curriculum* — In carrying out the training required under paragraph (1)(B), the Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom, in coordination with the Director of the George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center and other Federal officials, as appropriate, and in consultation with the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom established under [section 6431(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section6431/a&num=0&edition=prelim), shall make recommendations to the Secretary of State regarding a curriculum for the training of United States Foreign Service officers under paragraph (1)(B) on the scope and strategic value of international religious freedom, how violations of international religious freedom harm fundamental United States interests, how the advancement of international religious freedom can advance such interests, how United States international religious freedom policy should be carried out in practice by United States diplomats and other Foreign Service officers, and the relevance and relationship of international religious freedom to United States defense, diplomacy, development, and public affairs efforts. The Secretary of State should ensure the availability of sufficient resources to develop and implement such curriculum. (C) *Information sharing* — The curriculum and training materials developed under this paragraph shall be shared with the United States Armed Forces and other Federal departments and agencies with personnel who are stationed overseas, as appropriate, to provide training on— (i) United States religious freedom policies; (ii) religious traditions; (iii) religious engagement strategies; (iv) religious and cultural issues; and (v) efforts to counter violent religious extremism. **(b) Refugees** The Secretary of State shall provide sessions on refugee law and adjudications and on religious persecution to each individual seeking a commission as a United States consular officer. The Secretary shall also ensure that any member of the Service who is assigned to a position that may be called upon to assess requests for consideration for refugee admissions, including any consular officer, has completed training on refugee law and refugee adjudications in addition to the training required in this section. **(c) Child soldiers** The Secretary of State, with the assistance of other relevant officials, shall establish as part of the standard training provided for chiefs of mission, deputy chiefs of mission, and other officers of the Service who are or will be involved in the assessment of child soldier use or the drafting of the annual Human Rights Report instruction on matters related to child soldiers, and the substance of the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008. **(d) Economic and commercial diplomacy** The Secretary of State, with the assistance of other relevant officials and the private sector, shall establish as part of the standard training provided for economic and commercial officers of the Foreign Service, chiefs of mission, and deputy chiefs of mission, training on matters related to economic and commercial diplomacy, with particular attention to market access and other elements of an enabling framework for United States businesses, commercial advocacy, and United States foreign economic policy, in addition to awareness about the support of the United States Government available to United States businesses, including support provided by the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the Trade and Development Agency, the Department of the Treasury, the United States Agency for International Development, and the United States International Development Finance Corporation. **(e) Training in multilateral diplomacy** (1) **In general** — The Secretary, in consultation with other senior officials as appropriate, shall establish training courses on— (A) the conduct of diplomacy at international organizations and other multilateral institutions; and (B) broad-based multilateral negotiations of international instruments. (2) **Required training** — Members of the Service, including appropriate chiefs of mission and other officers who are assigned to United States missions representing the United States to international organizations and other multilateral institutions or who are assigned in other positions that have as their primary responsibility formulation of policy related to such organizations and institutions, or participation in negotiations of international instruments, shall receive specialized training in the areas described in paragraph (1) prior to the beginning of service for such assignment or, if receiving such training at that time is not practical, within the first year of beginning such assignment.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2370c — Definitions

In sections 2370c to 2370c–2 of this title: (1) **Appropriate congressional committees** — The term “appropriate congressional committees” means— (A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; (B) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; (C) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and (D) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives. (2) **Child soldier** — Consistent with the provisions of the Optional Protocol to the Convention of the Rights of the Child, the term “child soldier”— (A) means— (i) any person under 18 years of age who takes a direct part in hostilities as a member of governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; (ii) any person under 18 years of age who has been compulsorily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; (iii) any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or (iv) any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state; and (B) includes any person described in clause (ii), (iii), or (iv) of subparagraph (A) who is serving in any capacity, including in a support role such as a cook, porter, messenger, medic, guard, or sex slave.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 7101 — Purposes and findings

**(a) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to combat trafficking in persons, a contemporary manifestation of slavery whose victims are predominantly women and children, to ensure just and effective punishment of traffickers, and to protect their victims. **(b) Findings** Congress finds that: (1) As the 21st century begins, the degrading institution of slavery continues throughout the world. Trafficking in persons is a modern form of slavery, and it is the largest manifestation of slavery today. At least 700,000 persons annually, primarily women and children, are trafficked within or across international borders. Approximately 50,000 women and children are trafficked into the United States each year. (2) Many of these persons are trafficked into the international sex trade, often by force, fraud, or coercion. The sex industry has rapidly expanded over the past several decades. It involves sexual exploitation of persons, predominantly women and girls, involving activities related to prostitution, pornography, sex tourism, and other commercial sexual services. The low status of women in many parts of the world has contributed to a burgeoning of the trafficking industry. (3) Trafficking in persons is not limited to the sex industry. This growing transnational crime also includes forced labor and involves significant violations of labor, public health, and human rights standards worldwide. (4) Traffickers primarily target women and girls, who are disproportionately affected by poverty, the lack of access to education, chronic unemployment, discrimination, and the lack of economic opportunities in countries of origin. Traffickers lure women and girls into their networks through false promises of decent working conditions at relatively good pay as nannies, maids, d

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 7101

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2151 — Congressional findings and declaration of policy

(a) United States development cooperation policy

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 2651 — Establishment of Department

There shall be at the seat of government an executive department to be known as the “Department of State”, and a Secretary of State, who shall be the head thereof.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6411 — Findings; policy

**(a) Findings** Congress makes the following findings: (1) The right to freedom of religion undergirds the very origin and existence of the United States. Many of our Nation’s founders fled religious persecution abroad, cherishing in their hearts and minds the ideal of religious freedom. They established in law, as a fundamental right and as a pillar of our Nation, the right to freedom of religion. From its birth to this day, the United States has prized this legacy of religious freedom and honored this heritage by standing for religious freedom and offering refuge to those suffering religious persecution. (2) Freedom of religious belief and practice is a universal human right and fundamental freedom articulated in numerous international instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Helsinki Accords, the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief, the United Nations Charter, and the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. (3) Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that “Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. This right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance.”. Article 18(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights recognizes that “Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. This right shall include freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice, and freedom, either individually or in

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6411

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 6473a — Reform of refugee policy

**(a) , (b) Omitted** **(c) Guidelines for refugee-processing posts** (1) **Guidelines for addressing hostile biases** — The Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall develop and implement guidelines that address potential biases in personnel of the Immigration and Naturalization Service and of the Department of State that are hired abroad and involved with duties which could constitute an effective barrier to a refugee claim if such personnel carries a bias against the claimant on the grounds of religion, race, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. The subject matter of this training should be culturally sensitive and tailored to provide a nonbiased, nonadversarial atmosphere for the purpose of refugee adjudications. (2) **Guidelines for refugee-processing posts in establishing agreements with United States Government-designated refugee processing entities** — The Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall develop and implement guidelines to ensure uniform procedures for establishing agreements with United States Government-designated refugee processing entities and personnel, and uniform procedures for such entities and personnel responsible for preparing refugee case files for use by the Immigration and Naturalization Service during refugee adjudications. These procedures should ensure, to the extent practicable, that case files prepared by such entities accurately reflect information provided by the refugee applicants and that genuine refugee applicants are not disadvantaged or denied refugee status due to faulty case file preparation. (3) **Guidelines for preventing persons with potential biases from participating in determinations** — Not later than 120 days after November 29, 1999, the Secretary of State (a

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 6473a

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 4028 — Training for Foreign Service officers

Page 1472 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 4027 istrator of the United States Agency for Inter- national Development pursuant to sections 3902, 3922, 3943, and 3951 of this title. (Pub. L. 96–465, title I, § 706, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2101; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, § 2314(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–827; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXII, § 6203, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2389.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2021—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 117–81, § 6203(1)(A), which directed substitution of ‘‘The Secretary shall imple- ment such measures as the Secretary considers nec- essary to facilitate the employment of spouses and members of the Service. The measures may include—’’ for ‘‘The Secretary may facilitate the employment of spouses of members of the Foreign Service by—’’ in in- troductory provisions, was executed by making the substitution for ‘‘The Secretary may facilitate the em- ployment of spouses of members of the Service by—’’, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 117–81, § 6203(1)(C), which di- rected amendment of subpar. (C) to read as follows: ‘‘es- tablishing a program for assisting eligible family mem- bers in accessing employment and education opportuni- ties, as appropriate, including by exercising the au- thorities, in relevant part, under sections 1784 and 1784a of title 10 and subject to such regulations as the Sec- retary may prescribe modeled after those prescribed pursuant to subsection (b) of such section 1784;’’, could not be executed because of the prior redesignation of subpar. (C) as (D) by Pub. L. 117–81, § 6203(1)(B). See below. Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 117–81, § 6203(1)(B), redesig- nated subpar. (C) as (D). Subsec. (b)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 117–81, § 6

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 7101 — Purposes and findings

Page 1887 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 7101 ‘‘(D) UNITED STATES CAPITAL MARKETS.—The Com- mission shall evaluate the extent of Chinese access to, and use of United States capital markets, and whether the existing disclosure and transparency rules are adequate to identify Chinese companies which are active in United States markets and are also engaged in proliferation activities or other ac- tivities harmful to United States security interests. ‘‘(E) CORPORATE REPORTING.—The Commission shall assess United States trade and investment relation- ship with China, including the need for corporate re- porting on United States investments in China and incentives that China may be offering to United States corporations to relocate production and R&D to China. ‘‘(F) REGIONAL ECONOMIC AND SECURITY IMPACTS.— The Commission shall assess the extent of China’s ‘hollowing-out’ of Asian manufacturing economies, and the impact on United States economic and secu- rity interests in the region; review the triangular economic and security relationship among the United States, Taipei and Beijing, including Beijing’s mili- tary modernization and force deployments aimed at Taipei, and the adequacy of United States executive branch coordination and consultation with Congress on United States arms sales and defense relationship with Taipei. ‘‘(G) UNITED STATES-CHINA BILATERAL PROGRAMS.— The Commission shall assess science and technology programs to evaluate if the United States is devel- oping an adequate coordinating mechanism with ap- propriate review by the intelligence community with Congress; assess the degree of non-compliance by China and United States-China agreements on prison labor imports and intellectual property rights; evalu- ate United States

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 7101

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