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10 U.S.C. § 651 — Members: required service
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each person who becomes a member of an armed force, other than a person deferred under the next to the last sentence of section 6(d)(1) of the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3806(d)(1)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3806/d/1&num=0&edition=prelim)), shall serve in the armed forces for a total initial period of not less than six years nor more than eight years, as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense for the armed forces under his jurisdiction and by the Secretary of Homeland Security for the Coast Guard when it is not operating as service in the Navy, unless such person is sooner discharged under such regulations because of personal hardship. Any part of such service that is not active duty or that is active duty for training shall be performed in a reserve component.
**(b)** Each person covered by subsection (a) who is not a Reserve, and who is qualified, shall, upon his release from active duty, be transferred to a reserve component to complete the service required by subsection (a).
**(c)**
(1) For the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary may waive the initial period of required service otherwise established pursuant to subsection (a) in the case of the initial appointment of a commissioned officer in a critically short health professional specialty specified by the Secretary for purposes of this subsection or in the case of an unrestricted officer designated within a cyberspace occupational specialty.
(2) The minimum period of obligated service for an officer under a waiver under this subsection shall be the greater of—
(A) two years;
(B) in the case of an officer who has accepted an accession bonus or executed a contract or
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-10/section-651-members-required-service--15206e742a.md
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Source location: Title 10, Chapter 37, § 651; chapter-037-general-service-requirements.md
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**(a)** Each person who becomes a member of an armed force, other than a person deferred under the next to the last sentence of section 6(d)(1) of the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3806(d)(1)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3806/d/1&num=0&edition=prelim)), shall serve in the armed forces for a total initial period of not less than six years nor more than eight years, as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Defense for the armed forces under his jurisdiction and by the Secretary of Homeland Security for the Coast Guard when it is not operating as service in the Navy, unless such person is sooner discharged under such regulations because of personal hardship. Any part of such service that is not active duty or that is active duty for training shall be performed in a reserve component.
**(b)** Each person covered by subsection (a) who is not a Reserve, and who is qualified, shall, upon his release from active duty, be transferred to a reserve component to complete the service required by subsection (a).
**(c)**
(1) For the armed forces under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary may waive the initial period of required service otherwise established pursuant to subsection (a) in the case of the initial appointment of a commissioned officer in a critically short health professional specialty specified by the Secretary for purposes of this subsection or in the case of an unrestricted officer designated within a cyberspace occupational specialty.
(2) The minimum period of obligated service for an officer under a waiver under this subsection shall be the greater of—
(A) two years;
(B) in the case of an officer who has accepted an accession bonus or executed a contract or agreement for the multiyear receipt of special pay for service in the armed forces, the period of obligated service specified in such contract or agreement; or
(C) in the case of an unrestricted officer designated within a cyberspace occupational specialty, the period of obligated service specified in the enlistment agreement of such officer.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Program Authority.—** The Secretary of each military department may establish a program to increase the number of, and the level of the qualifications of, persons entering the armed forces as enlisted members by encouraging recruits to pursue higher education or vocational or technical training before entry into active service.
**(b) Delayed Entry With Allowance for Higher Education.—** The Secretary concerned may—
(1) exercise the authority under [section 513 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section513&num=0&edition=prelim)—
(A) to accept the enlistment of a person as a Reserve for service in the Selected Reserve or Individual Ready Reserve of a reserve component, or as a member of the Space Force, notwithstanding the scope of the authority under subsection (a) of that section, in the case of the Army National Guard of the United States or Air National Guard of the United States; and
(B) to authorize, notwithstanding the period limitation in subsection (b) of that section, a delay of the enlistment of any such person in a regular component under that subsection for the period during which the person is enrolled in, and pursuing a program of education at, an institution of higher education, or a program of vocational or technical training, on a full-time basis that is to be completed within the maximum period of delay determined for that person under subsection (c); and
(2) subject to paragraph (2) of subsection (d) and except as provided in paragraph (3) of that subsection, pay an allowance to a person accepted for enlistment under paragraph (1)(A) for each month of the period during which that person is enrolled in and pursuing a program described in paragraph (1)(B).
**(c) Maximum Period of Delay.—**
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 511
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act July 9, 1952, ch. 608, pt. II, § 262, as added Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 665, § 2(i), 69 Stat. 600; amended Apr. 23, 1956, ch. 209, § 1, 70 Stat. 115; July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–96, 73 Stat. 221; July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–632, § 2, 74 Stat. 468, authorized President to accept enlistments in the Ready Reserve, to maintain them at a level necessary for national defense, of persons not having attained age 18, and six months and who had not been ordered to report for induction, or who possessed critical skills and were engaged in defense industry, fixed period of enlistment at eight years with active duty therein for three to six months, deferred such persons from universal military training, and required National Security Training Commission to advise President and Secretary of Defense and to report annually to Congress regarding welfare of trainees.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1013
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The following definitions apply in this title:
(1) The term “United States”, in a geographic sense, means the States and the District of Columbia.
(2) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, § 1057(a)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3440.]
(3) The term “possessions” includes the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Guano Islands, so long as they remain possessions, but does not include any Commonwealth.
(4) The term “armed forces” means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, and Coast Guard.
(5) The term “uniformed services” means—
(A) the armed forces;
(B) the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and
(C) the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service.
(6) The term “department”, when used with respect to a military department, means the executive part of the department and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of the department. When used with respect to the Department of Defense, such term means the executive part of the department, including the executive parts of the military departments, and all field headquarters, forces, reserve components, installations, activities, and functions under the control or supervision of the Secretary of Defense, including those of the military departments.
(7) The term “executive part of the department” means the executive part of the Department of Defense, Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, or Department of the Air Force, as the case may be, at the seat of government.
(8) The term “military departments” means the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force.
(9) The term
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Regular Officers.—**
(1) A regular officer who is discharged under chapter 36 of this title (except under section 630(1)(A) or 643 of such chapter) or under section 580 or 8372 of this title and who has completed six or more, but less than twenty, years of active service immediately before that discharge is entitled to separation pay computed under subsection (d)(1).
(2) A regular commissioned officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force or Marine Corps who is discharged under section 630(1)(A), 643, or 1186 of this title, and a regular warrant officer of the Army, Navy, Air Force or Marine Corps who is separated under section 1165 or 1166 of this title, who has completed six or more, but less than twenty, years of active service immediately before that discharge or separation is entitled to separation pay computed under subsection (d)(1) or (d)(2), as determined by the Secretary of the military department concerned, unless the Secretary concerned determines that the conditions under which the officer is discharged or separated do not warrant payment of such pay.
(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an officer discharged under any provision of chapter 36 of this title for twice failing of selection for promotion to the next higher grade is not entitled to separation pay under this section if either (or both) of those failures of selection for promotion was by the action of a selection board to which the officer submitted a request in writing not to be selected for promotion or who otherwise directly caused his nonselection through written communication to the Board under [section 614(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section614/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an officer wh
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 1174
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Except as otherwise prescribed by law, enlistments as Reserves are for terms prescribed by the Secretary concerned. However, an enlistment that is in effect at the beginning of a war or of a national emergency declared by Congress, or entered into during such a war or emergency, and that would otherwise expire, continues in effect until the expiration of six months after the end of that war or emergency, whichever is later, unless sooner terminated by the Secretary concerned.
**(b)** Under regulations to be prescribed by the Secretary of Defense, and by the Secretary of Homeland Security with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, a person who is qualified for enlistment for active duty in an armed force, and who is not under orders to report for induction into an armed force under the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), may be enlisted as a Reserve for service in the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve, for a term of not less than six years nor more than eight years. Each person enlisted under this subsection shall serve—
(1) on active duty for a period of not less than two years; and
(2) the rest of his period of enlistment as a member of the Ready Reserve.
**(c)** In time of war or of national emergency declared by Congress the term of service of an enlisted member transferred to a reserve component according to law, that would otherwise expire, continues until the expiration of six months after the end of that war or emergency, whichever is later, unless sooner terminated by the Secretary concerned.
**(d)** Under regulations to be presc
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 12103
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred to a reserve component under [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) or under the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be enlisted in any armed force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized for that armed force. However, unless the two Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be enlisted as a Reserve of an armed force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of his participation shall be credited against the total period of service required of him under [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) or under the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once.
**(b)** A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is so enlisted or in any other armed force in which he is later enlisted or appointed.
**(c)** This section does not change any term of service under an appointment, enlistment, or agreement, including an agreement made before or at the time when the member entered upon a program authorized by an armed force.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 12104
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** A person who would otherwise be required to be transferred to a reserve component under [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) or under the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), is entitled, if he is qualified and accepted, to be appointed as an officer of any armed force that he chooses and to participate in the programs authorized for that armed force. However, unless the two Secretaries concerned consent, he may not be appointed as a Reserve of an armed force other than that from which he is transferred. All periods of his participation shall be credited against the total period of service required of him under [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) or under the Military Selective Service Act ([50 U.S.C. 3801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.). However, no period may be credited more than once.
**(b)** A person covered by subsection (a) shall perform the rest of his required term of service in the armed force in which he is so appointed or in any other armed force in which he is later appointed or enlisted.
**(c)** This section does not change any term of service under an appointment, enlistment, or agreement, including an agreement made before or at the time when the member entered upon a program authorized by an armed force.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 12208
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Except as provided in subsection (b), a reserve commissioned officer who has not completed the period of service required of him by [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) or any other provision of law may not be discharged or transferred from an active status under chapter 843, 1407, 1409, or 1411 of this title or chapter 21 11 See References in Text note below. of title 14. Unless, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary concerned, he is promoted to a higher reserve grade, he shall be retained in an active status in his reserve grade for the rest of his period of required service and shall be an additional number to the authorized strength of his grade.
**(b)** Subsection (a) does not prevent the discharge or transfer from an active status of—
(1) a commissioned warrant officer;
(2) an officer on the active-duty list or a reserve active-status list who is found not qualified for promotion to the grade of first lieutenant, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or lieutenant (junior grade), in the case of an officer of the Navy;
(3) an officer on the active-duty list or reserve active-status list who has failed of selection for promotion for the second time to the grade of captain, in the case of an officer of the Army, Air Force, or Marine Corps, or to the grade of lieutenant, in the case of an officer of the Navy; or
(4) an officer whose discharge or transfer from an active status is required by law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 12645
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Inapplicability of Active/reserve Service Distinction.—** In applying [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) to a person who becomes a member of the Space Force, the provisions of the second sentence of subsection (a) and of subsection (b) of that section (relating to service in a reserve component) are inapplicable.
**(b) Treatment Upon Transfer Out of Space Force.—** A member of the Space Force who transfers to one of the other armed forces before completing the service required by subsection (a) of [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) shall upon such transfer be subject to [section 651 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) in the same manner as if such member had initially entered the armed force to which the member transfers.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 20003
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each cadet shall sign an agreement with respect to the cadet’s length of service in the armed forces. The agreement shall provide that the cadet agrees to the following:
(1) That the cadet will complete the course of instruction at the Academy.
(2) That upon graduation from the Academy the cadet—
(A) will accept an appointment, if tendered, as a commissioned officer of the Regular Army or the Regular Air Force; and
(B) will serve on active duty for at least five years immediately after such appointment.
(3) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) is not tendered or if the cadet is permitted to resign as a regular officer before completion of the commissioned service obligation of the cadet, the cadet—
(A) will accept an appointment as a commissioned officer as a Reserve for service in the Army Reserve or the Air Force Reserve; and
(B) will remain in that reserve component until completion of the commissioned service obligation of the cadet.
(4) That if an appointment described in paragraph (2) or (3) is tendered and the cadet participates in a program under [section 2121 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2121&num=0&edition=prelim), the cadet will fulfill any unserved obligation incurred under this section on active duty, regardless of the type of appointment held, upon completion of, and in addition to, any service obligation incurred under [section 2123 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section2123&num=0&edition=prelim) for participation in such program.
(5) That the cadet may not obtain employment as a professional athlete until two years after the cadet graduates from the Academy.
**(b)**
(1) Subject to paragraph (4), the Sec
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 7448
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