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42 U.S.C. § 1856p — Repealed. Pub. L. 101–11, § 2, Apr. 7, 1989, 103 Stat. 15
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1616, provided that authority to enter into agreements, to furnish or accept emergency wildfire protection resources, or to incur obligations for reimbursement under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim) was to terminate Dec. 31, 1988.
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 15A, § 1856p; chapter-15a-reciprocal-fire-protection-agreements.md
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### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1616, provided that authority to enter into agreements, to furnish or accept emergency wildfire protection resources, or to incur obligations for reimbursement under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim) was to terminate Dec. 31, 1988.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Exchange of wildfire protection resources under a reciprocal agreement with a foreign fire organization**
(1) **Authority to enter into a reciprocal agreement** — The Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of State, may enter into a reciprocal agreement with any foreign fire organization for mutual aid in furnishing wildfire protection resources for lands and other properties for which such Secretary or organization normally provides wildfire protection.
(2) **Requirements for a reciprocal agreement** — Any agreement entered into under this subsection—
(A) shall include a waiver by each party to the agreement of all claims against every other party to the agreement for compensation for any loss, damage, personal injury, or death occurring in consequence of the performance of such agreement;
(B) shall include a provision to allow the termination of such agreement by any party thereto after reasonable notice; and
(C) may provide for the reimbursement of any party thereto for all or any part of the costs incurred by such party in furnishing wildfire protection resources for, or on behalf of, any other party thereto.
**(b) Exchange of wildfire protection resources without a reciprocal agreement** In the absence of any agreement authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior may—
(1) furnish emergency wildfire protection resources to any foreign nation when the furnishing of such resources is determined by such Secretary to be in the best interest of the United States; and
(2) accept emergency wildfire protection resources from any foreign fire organization when the acceptance of such resources is determined by such Secretary to be in the best interest o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1856n
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
(1) **Assume any and all liability** — The term “assume any and all liability” means—
(A) the payment of—
(i) any judgment, settlement, fine, penalty, or cost assessment (including prevailing party legal fees) associated with the applicable litigation; and
(ii) any cost incurred in handling the applicable litigation (including legal fees); and
(B) with respect to a Federal firefighter, arranging for, and paying the costs of, representation in the applicable litigation.
(2) **Federal firefighter** — The term “Federal firefighter” means an individual furnished by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior under an agreement entered into under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Foreign fire organization** — The term “foreign fire organization” means any foreign governmental, public, or private entity that has wildfire protection resources.
(4) **Foreign firefighter** — The term “foreign firefighter” means an individual furnished by a foreign fire organization under an agreement entered into under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Wildfire** — The term “wildfire” means any forest or range fire.
(6) **Wildfire protection resources** — The term “wildfire protection resources” means any personnel, supplies, equipment, or other resources required for wildfire presuppression and suppression activities.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1856m
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Funds available to the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior for wildfire protection resources in connection with activities under the jurisdiction of such Secretary may be used to carry out activities authorized under agreements or otherwise under this subchapter, or for reimbursements authorized under this subchapter: Provided, That no such funds may be expended for wildfire protection resources (including personnel) provided by a foreign fire organization for wildfire suppression activities unless the Secretary determines that no wildfire protection resources (including personnel) within the United States are reasonably available to provide wildfire suppression.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1856o
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5072
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 1856o
ganization associated with the Federal fire-
fighter is legally responsible under the laws
applicable to the foreign fire organization.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 4, as added Pub. L. 112–74, div.
E, title IV, § 411(5), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1040.)
Editorial Notes
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 4 of Pub. L. 100–428 was renumbered
section 5 and is classified to section 1856o of this title.
§ 1856o. Funds
Funds available to the Secretary of Agri-
culture or the Secretary of the Interior for wild-
fire protection resources in connection with ac-
tivities under the jurisdiction of such Secretary
may be used to carry out activities authorized
under agreements or otherwise under this sub-
chapter, or for reimbursements authorized under
this subchapter: Provided, That no such funds
may be expended for wildfire protection re-
sources (including personnel) provided by a for-
eign fire organization for wildfire suppression
activities unless the Secretary determines that
no wildfire protection resources (including per-
sonnel) within the United States are reasonably
available to provide wildfire suppression.
(Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, formerly § 4, Sept. 9, 1988, 102
Stat. 1616; renumbered § 5 and amended Pub. L.
112–74, div. E, title IV, § 411(4), (6), Dec. 23, 2011,
125 Stat. 1040, 1041.)
Editorial Notes
PRIOR PROVISIONS
A prior section 5 of Pub. L. 100–428 was classified to
section 1856p of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L.
101–11.
AMENDMENTS
2011—Pub. L. 112–74, § 411(6), substituted ‘‘under this
subchapter’’ for ‘‘under section 1856n(c) of this title’’,
‘‘wildfire protection resources (including personnel)’’
for ‘‘wildfire protection resources or personnel’’ in two
places, and ‘‘provide wildfi
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 1856p
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