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42 U.S.C. § 1856m — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter:
(1) **Assume any and all liability** — The term “assume any and all liability” means—
(A) the payment of—
(i) any judgment, settlement, fine, penalty, or cost assessment (including prevailing party legal fees) associated with the applicable litigation; and
(ii) any cost incurred in handling the applicable litigation (including legal fees); and
(B) with respect to a Federal firefighter, arranging for, and paying the costs of, representation in the applicable litigation.
(2) **Federal firefighter** — The term “Federal firefighter” means an individual furnished by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior under an agreement entered into under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Foreign fire organization** — The term “foreign fire organization” means any foreign governmental, public, or private entity that has wildfire protection resources.
(4) **Foreign firefighter** — The term “foreign firefighter” means an individual furnished by a foreign fire organization under an agreement entered into under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Wildfire** — The term “wildfire” means any forest or range fire.
(6) **Wildfire protection resources** — The term “wildfire protection resources” means any personnel, supplies, equipment, or other resources required for wildfire presuppression and suppression activities.
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 15A, § 1856m; chapter-15a-reciprocal-fire-protection-agreements.md
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In this subchapter:
(1) **Assume any and all liability** — The term “assume any and all liability” means—
(A) the payment of—
(i) any judgment, settlement, fine, penalty, or cost assessment (including prevailing party legal fees) associated with the applicable litigation; and
(ii) any cost incurred in handling the applicable litigation (including legal fees); and
(B) with respect to a Federal firefighter, arranging for, and paying the costs of, representation in the applicable litigation.
(2) **Federal firefighter** — The term “Federal firefighter” means an individual furnished by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior under an agreement entered into under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) **Foreign fire organization** — The term “foreign fire organization” means any foreign governmental, public, or private entity that has wildfire protection resources.
(4) **Foreign firefighter** — The term “foreign firefighter” means an individual furnished by a foreign fire organization under an agreement entered into under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim).
(5) **Wildfire** — The term “wildfire” means any forest or range fire.
(6) **Wildfire protection resources** — The term “wildfire protection resources” means any personnel, supplies, equipment, or other resources required for wildfire presuppression and suppression activities.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Exchange of wildfire protection resources under a reciprocal agreement with a foreign fire organization**
(1) **Authority to enter into a reciprocal agreement** — The Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of State, may enter into a reciprocal agreement with any foreign fire organization for mutual aid in furnishing wildfire protection resources for lands and other properties for which such Secretary or organization normally provides wildfire protection.
(2) **Requirements for a reciprocal agreement** — Any agreement entered into under this subsection—
(A) shall include a waiver by each party to the agreement of all claims against every other party to the agreement for compensation for any loss, damage, personal injury, or death occurring in consequence of the performance of such agreement;
(B) shall include a provision to allow the termination of such agreement by any party thereto after reasonable notice; and
(C) may provide for the reimbursement of any party thereto for all or any part of the costs incurred by such party in furnishing wildfire protection resources for, or on behalf of, any other party thereto.
**(b) Exchange of wildfire protection resources without a reciprocal agreement** In the absence of any agreement authorized under subsection (a), the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of the Interior may—
(1) furnish emergency wildfire protection resources to any foreign nation when the furnishing of such resources is determined by such Secretary to be in the best interest of the United States; and
(2) accept emergency wildfire protection resources from any foreign fire organization when the acceptance of such resources is determined by such Secretary to be in the best interest o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1856n
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, Pub. L. 100–428, § 5, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1616, provided that authority to enter into agreements, to furnish or accept emergency wildfire protection resources, or to incur obligations for reimbursement under [section 1856n of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856n&num=0&edition=prelim) was to terminate Dec. 31, 1988.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1856p
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Except as provided in subsection (b), an individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and knowingly or recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, or law enforcement or emergency response efforts 11 So in original. Probably should be “effort”. related to a wildfire suppression, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 2 years, or both.
**(b) Exceptions.—** This section does not apply to the operation of an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law enforcement, or emergency response.
**(c) Definitions.—** In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Unmanned aircraft.—** — The term “unmanned aircraft” has the meaning given the term in [section 44801 of title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44801&num=0&edition=prelim), United States Code.
(2) **Wildfire.—** — The term “wildfire” has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act ([42 U.S.C. 1856m](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856m&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(3) **Wildfire suppression.—** — The term “wildfire suppression” means an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 40A
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Except as provided in subsection (b), an individual who operates an unmanned aircraft and in so doing knowingly or recklessly interferes with a wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than $20,000.
**(b) Exceptions.—** This section does not apply to the operation of an unmanned aircraft conducted by a unit or agency of the United States Government or of a State, tribal, or local government (including any individual conducting such operation pursuant to a contract or other agreement entered into with the unit or agency) for the purpose of protecting the public safety and welfare, including firefighting, law enforcement, or emergency response.
**(c) Compromise and Setoff.—**
(1) **Compromise.—** — The United States Government may compromise the amount of a civil penalty imposed under this section.
(2) **Setoff.—** — The United States Government may deduct the amount of a civil penalty imposed or compromised under this section from the amounts the Government owes the person liable for the penalty.
**(d) Definitions.—** In this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) **Wildfire.—** — The term “wildfire” has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Emergency Wildfire Suppression Act ([42 U.S.C. 1856m](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section1856m&num=0&edition=prelim)).
(2) **Wildfire suppression.—** — The term “wildfire suppression” means an effort to contain, extinguish, or suppress a wildfire.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 46320
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5070
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 1856e
propriated after the date of the enactment of this Act
[Dec. 31, 2011].’’
§ 1856e. Reimbursement of fire funds
(a) Definition of State
In this section, the term ‘‘State’’ means—
(1) a State; and
(2) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
(b) In general
If a State seeks reimbursement for amounts
expended for resources and services provided to
another State for the management and suppres-
sion of a wildfire, the Secretary, subject to sub-
sections (c) and (d)—
(1) may accept the reimbursement amounts
from the other State; and
(2) shall pay those amounts to the State
seeking reimbursement.
(c) Mutual assistance agreement
As a condition of seeking and providing reim-
bursement under subsection (b), the State seek-
ing reimbursement and the State providing re-
imbursement must each have a mutual assist-
ance agreement with the Forest Service or an-
other Federal agency for providing and receiving
wildfire management and suppression resources
and services.
(d) Terms and conditions
The Secretary may prescribe the terms and
conditions determined to be necessary to carry
out subsection (b).
(e) Effect on prior reimbursements
Any acceptance of funds or reimbursements
made by the Secretary before February 7, 2014,
that otherwise would have been authorized
under this section shall be considered to have
been made in accordance with this section.
(Pub. L. 113–79, title VIII, § 8304, Feb. 7, 2014, 128
Stat. 924.)
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
Section was enacted as part of the Agricultural Act
of 2014, and not as part of act May 27, 1955, which com-
prises this subchapter.
Section is comprised of section 8304 of Pub. L. 113–79.
Subsec. (f) of section 8304 of Pub. L. 113–79 amended sec-
tion 1856d of thi
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 1856m
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