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18 U.S.C. § 1505 — Obstruction of proceedings before departments, agencies, and committees
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever, with intent to avoid, evade, prevent, or obstruct compliance, in whole or in part, with any civil investigative demand duly and properly made under the Antitrust Civil Process Act, willfully withholds, misrepresents, removes from any place, conceals, covers up, destroys, mutilates, alters, or by other means falsifies any documentary material, answers to written interrogatories, or oral testimony, which is the subject of such demand; or attempts to do so or solicits another to do so; or
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_d59f4d575db5a371de06eb3f
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-1505-obstruction-of-proceedings-before-departments-agencies-and-committees--bac85950ee.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 73, § 1505; chapter-073-obstruction-of-justice.md
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Whoever, with intent to avoid, evade, prevent, or obstruct compliance, in whole or in part, with any civil investigative demand duly and properly made under the Antitrust Civil Process Act, willfully withholds, misrepresents, removes from any place, conceals, covers up, destroys, mutilates, alters, or by other means falsifies any documentary material, answers to written interrogatories, or oral testimony, which is the subject of such demand; or attempts to do so or solicits another to do so; or
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter—
**(a)** The term “antitrust law” includes:
(1) Each provision of law defined as one of the antitrust laws by [section 12 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section12&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) Any statute enacted on and after September 19, 1962, by the Congress which prohibits, or makes available to the United States in any court of the United States any civil remedy with respect to any restraint upon or monopolization of interstate or foreign trade or commerce;
**(b)** The term “antitrust order” means any final order, decree, or judgment of any court of the United States, duly entered in any case or proceeding arising under any antitrust law;
**(c)** The term “antitrust investigation” means any inquiry conducted by any antitrust investigator for the purpose of ascertaining whether any person is or has been engaged in any antitrust violation or in any activities in preparation for a merger, acquisition, joint venture, or similar transaction, which, if consummated, may result in an antitrust violation;
**(d)** The term “antitrust violation” means any act or omission in violation of any antitrust law, any antitrust order or, with respect to the International Antitrust Enforcement Assistance Act of 1994 [[15 U.S.C. 6201](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section6201&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], any of the foreign antitrust laws;
**(e)** The term “antitrust investigator” means any attorney or investigator employed by the Department of Justice who is charged with the duty of enforcing or carrying into effect any antitrust law;
**(f)** The term “person” means any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity, inclu
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Whoever kills or attempts to kill another person, with intent to—
(A) prevent the attendance or testimony of any person in an official proceeding;
(B) prevent the production of a record, document, or other object, in an official proceeding; or
(C) prevent the communication by any person to a law enforcement officer or judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of probation, parole, or release pending judicial proceedings;
(2) Whoever uses physical force or the threat of physical force against any person, or attempts to do so, with intent to—
(A) influence, delay, or prevent the testimony of any person in an official proceeding;
(B) cause or induce any person to—
(i) withhold testimony, or withhold a record, document, or other object, from an official proceeding;
(ii) alter, destroy, mutilate, or conceal an object with intent to impair the integrity or availability of the object for use in an official proceeding;
(iii) evade legal process summoning that person to appear as a witness, or to produce a record, document, or other object, in an official proceeding; or
(iv) be absent from an official proceeding to which that person has been summoned by legal process; or
(C) hinder, delay, or prevent the communication to a law enforcement officer or judge of the United States of information relating to the commission or possible commission of a Federal offense or a violation of conditions of probation, supervised release, parole, or release pending judicial proceedings;
shall be punished as provided in paragraph (3).
(3) The punishment for an offense under this subsection is—
(A) in the case of a killing, the punishment pro
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whenever the Attorney General has reason to believe that any person or enterprise may be in possession, custody, or control of any documentary materials relevant to a racketeering investigation, he may, prior to the institution of a civil or criminal proceeding thereon, issue in writing, and cause to be served upon such person, a civil investigative demand requiring such person to produce such material for examination.
**(b)** Each such demand shall—
(1) state the nature of the conduct constituting the alleged racketeering violation which is under investigation and the provision of law applicable thereto;
(2) describe the class or classes of documentary material produced thereunder with such definiteness and certainty as to permit such material to be fairly identified;
(3) state that the demand is returnable forthwith or prescribe a return date which will provide a reasonable period of time within which the material so demanded may be assembled and made available for inspection and copying or reproduction; and
(4) identify the custodian to whom such material shall be made available.
**(c)** No such demand shall—
(1) contain any requirement which would be held to be unreasonable if contained in a subpena duces tecum issued by a court of the United States in aid of a grand jury investigation of such alleged racketeering violation; or
(2) require the production of any documentary evidence which would be privileged from disclosure if demanded by a subpena duces tecum issued by a court of the United States in aid of a grand jury investigation of such alleged racketeering violation.
**(d)** Service of any such demand or any petition filed under this section may be made upon a person by—
(1) delivering a duly executed copy thereof to any partner, executive of
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this title:
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. Every person who shall make any contract or engage in any combination or conspiracy hereby declared to be illegal shall be deemed guilty of a felony, and, on conviction thereof, shall be punished by fine not exceeding $100,000,000 if a corporation, or, if any other person, $1,000,000, or by imprisonment not exceeding 10 years, or by both said punishments, in the discretion of the court.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The total service of an employee or Member is the full years and twelfth parts thereof, excluding from the aggregate the fractional part of a month, if any.
**(b)** The service of an employee shall be credited from the date of original employment to the date of separation on which title to annuity is based in the civilian service of the Government. Except as provided in paragraph (13) 11 So in original. Probably should be paragraph “(14)”. of this subsection, credit may not be allowed for a period of separation from the service in excess of 3 calendar days. The service includes—
(1) employment as a substitute in the postal field service;
(2) service in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau;
(3) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed before July 10, 1960, as an employee of a county committee established under [section 590h(b) of title 16](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section590h/b&num=0&edition=prelim) or of a committee or an association of producers described by [section 610(b) of title 7](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section610/b&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) service as a student-employee as defined by [section 5351 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5351&num=0&edition=prelim) only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;
(5) a period of satisfactory service of a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;
(6) employment under [section 709 of title 32](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title32-section709&num=0&edition=prelim) or any prior corresponding provision of law;
(7) a period of service of
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 389
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 1505
having attended such court or examination before such
officer, commissioner, or other committing magistrate,
or on account of his testifying or having testified to
any matter pending therein, or’’ after ‘‘discharge of his
duty, or’’.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 97–291 effective Oct. 12, 1982,
see section 9(a) of Pub. L. 97–291, set out as an Effective
Date note under section 1512 of this title.
§ 1504. Influencing juror by writing
Whoever attempts to influence the action or
decision of any grand or petit juror of any court
of the United States upon any issue or matter
pending before such juror, or before the jury of
which he is a member, or pertaining to his du-
ties, by writing or sending to him any written
communication, in relation to such issue or
matter, shall be fined under this title or impris-
oned not more than six months, or both.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to
prohibit the communication of a request to ap-
pear before the grand jury.
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 770; Pub. L.
103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), Sept. 13, 1994,
108 Stat. 2147.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 243 (Mar. 4, 1909,
ch. 321, § 137, 35 Stat. 1113).
Last paragraph was added to remove the possibility
that a proper request to appear before a grand jury
might be construed as a technical violation of this sec-
tion.
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1994—Pub. L. 103–322 substituted ‘‘fined under this
title’’ for ‘‘fined not more than $1,000’’ in first par.
§ 1505. Obstruction of proceedings before depart-
ments, agencies, and committees
Whoever,
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