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22 U.S.C. § 611 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in and for the purposes of this subchapter—
**(a)** The term “person” includes an individual, partnership, association, corporation, organization, or any other combination of individuals;
**(b)** The term “foreign principal” includes—
(1) a government of a foreign country and a foreign political party;
(2) a person outside of the United States, unless it is established that such person is an individual and a citizen of and domiciled within the United States, or that such person is not an individual and is organized under or created by the laws of the United States or of any State or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and has its principal place of business within the United States; and
(3) a partnership, association, corporation, organization, or other combination of persons organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business in a foreign country.
**(c)** Expect 11 So in original. Probably should be “Except”. as provided in subsection (d) of this section, the term “agent of a foreign principal” means—
(1) any person who acts as an agent, representative, employee, or servant, or any person who acts in any other capacity at the order, request, or under the direction or control, of a foreign principal or of a person any of whose activities are directly or indirectly supervised, directed, controlled, financed, or subsidized in whole or in major part by a foreign principal, and who directly or through any other person—
(i) engages within the United States in political activities for or in the interests of such foreign principal;
(ii) acts within the United States as a public relations counsel, publicity agent, information-service employee or political consultant for or in the interests of such foreign principal
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_d29930e89a76c77233bf953d
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-611-definitions--2e95e052f3.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 11, § 611; chapter-011-foreign-agents-and-propaganda.md
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As used in and for the purposes of this subchapter—
**(a)** The term “person” includes an individual, partnership, association, corporation, organization, or any other combination of individuals;
**(b)** The term “foreign principal” includes—
(1) a government of a foreign country and a foreign political party;
(2) a person outside of the United States, unless it is established that such person is an individual and a citizen of and domiciled within the United States, or that such person is not an individual and is organized under or created by the laws of the United States or of any State or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and has its principal place of business within the United States; and
(3) a partnership, association, corporation, organization, or other combination of persons organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business in a foreign country.
**(c)** Expect 11 So in original. Probably should be “Except”. as provided in subsection (d) of this section, the term “agent of a foreign principal” means—
(1) any person who acts as an agent, representative, employee, or servant, or any person who acts in any other capacity at the order, request, or under the direction or control, of a foreign principal or of a person any of whose activities are directly or indirectly supervised, directed, controlled, financed, or subsidized in whole or in major part by a foreign principal, and who directly or through any other person—
(i) engages within the United States in political activities for or in the interests of such foreign principal;
(ii) acts within the United States as a public relations counsel, publicity agent, information-service employee or political consultant for or in the interests of such foreign principal;
(iii) within the United States solicits, collects, disburses, or dispenses contributions, loans, money, or other things of value for or in the interest of such foreign principal; or
(iv) within the United States represents the interests of such foreign principal before any agency or official of the Government of the United States; and
(2) any person who agrees, consents, assumes or purports to act as, or who is or holds himself out to be, whether or not pursuant to contractual relationship, an agent of a foreign principal as defined in clause (1) of this subsection.
**(d)** The term “agent of a foreign principal” does not include any news or press service or association organized under the laws of the United States or of any State or other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, or any newspaper, magazine, periodical, or other publication for which there is on file with the United States Postal Service information in compliance with section 3611 22 So in original. Probably should be section “3685”. of title 39, published in the United States, solely by virtue of any bona fide news or journalistic activities, including the solicitation or acceptance of advertisements, subscriptions, or other compensation therefor, so long as it is at least 80 per centum beneficially owned by, and its officers and directors, if any, are citizens of the United States, and such news or press service or association, newspaper, magazine, periodical, or other publication, is not owned, directed, supervised, controlled, subsidized, or financed, and none of its policies are determined by any foreign principal defined in subsection (b) of this section, or by any agent of a foreign principal required to register under this subchapter;
**(e)** The term “government of a foreign country” includes any person or group of persons exercising sovereign de facto or de jure political jurisdiction over any country, other than the United States, or over any part of such country, and includes any subdivision of any such group and any group or agency to which such sovereign de facto or de jure authority or functions are directly or indirectly delegated. Such term shall include any faction or body of insurgents within a country assuming to exercise governmental authority whether such faction or body of insurgents has or has not been recognized by the United States;
**(f)** The term “foreign political party” includes any organization or any other combination of individuals in a country other than the United States, or any unit or branch thereof, having for an aim or purpose, or which is engaged in any activity devoted in whole or in part to, the establishment, administration, control, or acquisition of administration or control, of a government of a foreign country or a subdivision thereof, or the furtherance or influencing of the political or public interests, policies, or relations of a government of a foreign country or a subdivision thereof;
**(g)** The term “public-relations counsel” includes any person who engages directly or indirectly in informing, advising, or in any way representing a principal in any public relations matter pertaining to political or public interests, policies, or relations of such principal;
**(h)** The term “publicity agent” includes any person who engages directly or indirectly in the publication or dissemination of oral, visual, graphic, written, or pictorial information or matter of any kind, including publication by means of advertising, books, periodicals, newspapers, lectures, broadcasts, motion pictures, or otherwise;
**(i)** The term “information-service employee” includes any person who is engaged in furnishing, disseminating, or publishing accounts, descriptions, information, or data with respect to the political, industrial, employment, economic, social, cultural, or other benefits, advantages, facts, or conditions of any country other than the United States or of any government of a foreign country or of a foreign political party or of a partnership, association, corporation, organization, or other combination of individuals organized under the laws of, or having its principal place of business in, a foreign country;
**(j)** Repealed. Pub. L. 104–65, § 9(1)(A), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 699.
**(k)** The term “registration statement” means the registration statement required to be filed with the Attorney General under [section 612(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section612/a&num=0&edition=prelim), and any supplements thereto required to be filed under [section 612(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section612/b&num=0&edition=prelim), and includes all documents and papers required to be filed therewith or amendatory thereof or supplemental thereto, whether attached thereto or incorporated therein by reference;
**(l)** The term “American republic” includes any of the states which were signatory to the Final Act of the Second Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics at Habana, Cuba, July 30, 1940;
**(m)** The term “United States”, when used in a geographical sense, includes the several States, the District of Columbia, the Territories, the Canal Zone, the insular possessions, and all other places now or hereafter subject to the civil or military jurisdiction of the United States;
**(n)** The term “prints” means newspapers and periodicals, books, pamphlets, sheet music, visiting cards, address cards, printing proofs, engravings, photographs, pictures, drawings, plans, maps, patterns to be cut out, catalogs, prospectuses, advertisements, and printed, engraved, lithographed, or autographed notices of various kinds, and, in general, all impressions or reproductions obtained on paper or other material assimilable to paper, on parchment or on cardboard, by means of printing, engraving, lithography, autography, or any other easily recognizable mechanical process, with the exception of the copying press, stamps with movable or immovable type, and the typewriter;
**(o)** The term “political activities” means any activity that the person engaging in believes will, or that the person intends to, in any way influence any agency or official of the Government of the United States or any section of the public within the United States with reference to formulating, adopting, or changing the domestic or foreign policies of the United States or with reference to the political or public interests, policies, or relations of a government of a foreign country or a foreign political party;
**(p)** The term “political consultant” means any person who engages in informing or advising any other person with reference to the domestic or foreign policies of the United States or the political or public interest, policies, or relations of a foreign country or of a foreign political party.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Withdrawal of American sovereignty** On the 4th day of July immediately following the expiration of a period of ten years from the date of the inauguration of the new government under the constitution provided for in this Act, the President of the United States shall by proclamation withdraw and surrender all right of possession, supervision, jurisdiction, control, or sovereignty then existing and exercised by the United States in and over the territory and people of the Philippine Islands, including all military and other reservations of the Government of the United States in the Philippines (except such naval reservations and fueling stations as are reserved under [section 1391 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1391&num=0&edition=prelim)), and, on behalf of the United States, shall recognize the independence of the Philippine Islands as a separate and self-governing nation and acknowledge the authority and control over the same of the government instituted by the people thereof, under the constitution then in force.
**(b) Naval reservations and fueling stations** The President of the United States is authorized and empowered to enter into negotiations with the government of the Philippine Islands, not later than two years after his proclamation recognizing the independence of the Philippine Islands, for the adjustment and settlement of all questions relating to naval reservations and fueling stations of the United States in the Philippine Islands, and pending such adjustment and settlement the matter of naval reservations and fueling stations shall remain in its present status.
**(c) Property for diplomatic purposes**
(1) Whenever the President of the United States shall find that any properties in the
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1394
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds that—
(1) responsible representative Government requires public awareness of the efforts of paid lobbyists to influence the public decisionmaking process in both the legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government;
(2) existing lobbying disclosure statutes have been ineffective because of unclear statutory language, weak administrative and enforcement provisions, and an absence of clear guidance as to who is required to register and what they are required to disclose; and
(3) the effective public disclosure of the identity and extent of the efforts of paid lobbyists to influence Federal officials in the conduct of Government actions will increase public confidence in the integrity of Government.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 1601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The United States Postal Service shall be operated as a basic and fundamental service provided to the people by the Government of the United States, authorized by the Constitution, created by Act of Congress, and supported by the people. The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities. The costs of establishing and maintaining the Postal Service shall not be apportioned to impair the overall value of such service to the people.
**(b)** The Postal Service shall maintain an integrated network for the delivery of market-dominant and competitive products (as defined in chapter 36 of this title). Delivery shall occur at least six days a week, except during weeks that include a Federal holiday, in emergency situations, such as natural disasters, or in geographic areas where the Postal Service has established a policy of delivering mail fewer than six days a week as of the date of enactment of the Postal Service Reform Act of 2022. The Postal Service shall provide a maximum degree of effective and regular postal services to rural areas, communities, and small towns where post offices are not self-sustaining. No small post office shall be closed solely for operating at a deficit, it being the specific intent of the Congress that effective postal services be insured to residents of both urban and rural communities.
**(c)** As an employer, the Postal Service shall achieve and maintain compensation for its officers and employees comparable to the rates and types of compensation pa
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 39 U.S.C. § 101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter—
(1) the term “Council” means the Competitiveness Policy Council established under [section 4802 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section4802&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the term “member” means a member of the Competitiveness Policy Council;
(3) the term “United States” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and any other territory or possession of the United States; and
(4) the term “agent of a foreign principal” is defined as such term is defined under subsection (d) of [section 611 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section611&num=0&edition=prelim) subject to the provisions of [section 613 of title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section613&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 4809
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) Whoever, knowing that the property involved in a financial transaction represents the proceeds of some form of unlawful activity, conducts or attempts to conduct such a financial transaction which in fact involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity—
(A)
(i) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity; or
(ii) with intent to engage in conduct constituting a violation of section 7201 or 7206 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or
(B) knowing that the transaction is designed in whole or in part—
(i) to conceal or disguise the nature, the location, the source, the ownership, or the control of the proceeds of specified unlawful activity; or
(ii) to avoid a transaction reporting requirement under State or Federal law,
shall be sentenced to a fine of not more than $500,000 or twice the value of the property involved in the transaction, whichever is greater, or imprisonment for not more than twenty years, or both. For purposes of this paragraph, a financial transaction shall be considered to be one involving the proceeds of specified unlawful activity if it is part of a set of parallel or dependent transactions, any one of which involves the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, and all of which are part of a single plan or arrangement.
(2) Whoever transports, transmits, or transfers, or attempts to transport, transmit, or transfer a monetary instrument or funds from a place in the United States to or through a place outside the United States or to a place in the United States from or through a place outside the United States—
(A) with the intent to promote the carrying on of specified unlawful activity; or
(B) knowing that the monetary instrument or funds involved in the transportation,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 1956
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Whoever, being a public official, is or acts as an agent of a foreign principal required to register under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 or a lobbyist required to register under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 in connection with the representation of a foreign entity, as defined in section 3(6) of that Act shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than two years, or both.
**(b)** Nothing in this section shall apply to the employment of any agent of a foreign principal as a special Government employee in any case in which the head of the employing agency certifies that such employment is required in the national interest. A copy of any certification under this paragraph shall be forwarded by the head of such agency to the Attorney General who shall cause the same to be filed with the registration statement and other documents filed by such agent, and made available for public inspection in accordance with section 6 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended.
**(c)** For the purpose of this section “public official” means Member of Congress, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, either before or after he has qualified, or an officer or employee or person acting for or on behalf of the United States, or any department, agency, or branch of Government thereof, including the District of Columbia, in any official function, under or by authority of any such department, agency, or branch of Government.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 219
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter:
(1) **Agency** — The term “agency” has the meaning given that term in [section 551(1) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section551/1&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Client** — The term “client” means any person or entity that employs or retains another person for financial or other compensation to conduct lobbying activities on behalf of that person or entity. A person or entity whose employees act as lobbyists on its own behalf is both a client and an employer of such employees. In the case of a coalition or association that employs or retains other persons to conduct lobbying activities, the client is the coalition or association and not its individual members.
(3) **Covered executive branch official** — The term “covered executive branch official” means—
(A) the President;
(B) the Vice President;
(C) any officer or employee, or any other individual functioning in the capacity of such an officer or employee, in the Executive Office of the President;
(D) any officer or employee serving in a position in level I, II, III, IV, or V of the Executive Schedule, as designated by statute or Executive order;
(E) any member of the uniformed services whose pay grade is at or above O–7 under [section 201 of title 37](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title37-section201&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(F) any officer or employee serving in a position of a confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character described in [section 7511(b)(2)(B) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section7511/b/2/B&num=0&edition=prelim).
(4) **Covered legislative branch official** — The term “covered legislative branch of
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 1602
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 233, act June 15, 1917, ch. 30, title VIII, § 3, 40 Stat. 226, as amended, which related to acting as a foreign agent without notice to Secretary of State, was transferred to [section 601 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section601&num=0&edition=prelim) and was subsequently repealed by act June 25, 1948, ch. 645, § 21, 62 Stat. 862. See [section 951 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section951&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Section 233a, act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, § 1, 52 Stat. 631, as amended, which related to defining, various terms included in provisions relating to foreign agents and propaganda, was transferred to [section 611 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section611&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 233b, act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, § 2, 52 Stat. 632, as amended, which related to registration statements, was transferred to [section 612 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section612&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 233c, act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, § 3, 52 Stat. 632, as amended, which related to exemptions, was transferred to [section 613 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section613&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 233d, act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, § 4, 52 Stat. 632, as amended, which related to filing and labeling political propaganda, was transferred to [section 614 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section614&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 233e, act June 8, 1938, ch. 327, § 5, 52 Stat. 633, as amended, w
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 233 to 233g
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appointment** There shall be an Administrator of the Commission who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall hold office at the pleasure of the President.
**(b) Compensation** The Administrator shall be paid compensation in an amount, established by the Board, not to exceed level III of the Executive Schedule.
**(c) Authority for dual role** The Congress consents, for purposes of the 8th clause of article I, section 9 of the Constitution of the United States, to the acceptance by the individual serving as Administrator of the Commission of appointment by the Republic of Panama to the position of Administrator of the Panama Canal Authority. Such consent is effective only if that individual, while serving in both such positions, serves as Administrator of the Panama Canal Authority without compensation, except for payments by the Republic of Panama of travel and entertainment expenses, including per diem payments.
**(d) Waiver of ethics and reporting requirements** If before the Canal Transfer Date the Republic of Panama appoints as the Administrator of the Panama Canal Authority the individual serving as the Administrator of the Commission and if that individual accepts the appointment—
(1) during any period during which that individual serves as both Administrator of the Commission and the Administrator of the Panama Canal Authority—
(A) the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended ([22 U.S.C. 611](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section611&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), shall not apply to that individual with respect to service as the Administrator of the Panama Canal Authority;
(B) that individual, with respect to participation in any particular mat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 3615
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Filing; contents** No person shall act as an agent of a foreign principal unless he has filed with the Attorney General a true and complete registration statement and supplements thereto as required by subsections (a) and (b) of this section or unless he is exempt from registration under the provisions of this subchapter. Except as hereinafter provided, every person who becomes an agent of a foreign principal shall, within ten days thereafter, file with the Attorney General, in duplicate, a registration statement, under oath on a form prescribed by the Attorney General. The obligation of an agent of a foreign principal to file a registration statement shall, after the tenth day of his becoming such agent, continue from day to day, and termination of such status shall not relieve such agent from his obligation to file a registration statement for the period during which he was an agent of a foreign principal. The registration statement shall include the following, which shall be regarded as material for the purposes of this subchapter:
(1) Registrant’s name, principal business address, and all other business addresses in the United States or elsewhere, and all residence addresses, if any;
(2) Status of the registrant; if an individual, nationality; if a partnership, name, residence addresses, and nationality of each partner and a true and complete copy of its articles of copartnership; if an association, corporation, organization, or any other combination of individuals, the name, residence addresses, and nationality of each director and officer and of each person performing the functions of a director or officer and a true and complete copy of its charter, articles of incorporation, association, constitution, and bylaws, and amendments thereto; a copy of every o
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 612
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