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34 U.S.C. § 10447 — Definitions and grant conditions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this subchapter the definitions and grant conditions in [section 12291 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12291&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-34/section-10447-definitions-and-grant-conditions--c04a1655a3.md
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Source location: Title 34, Chapter 101, § 10447; chapter-101-justice-system-improvement.md
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In this subchapter the definitions and grant conditions in [section 12291 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section12291&num=0&edition=prelim) shall apply.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Director** — The term “Director” means the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women.
(2) **Eligible entity** — The term “eligible entity” means—
(A) a State;
(B) a unit of local government;
(C) a tribal government;
(D) a tribal organization;
(E) a victim service provider;
(F) an institution of higher education (as defined in [section 1001(a) of title 20](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1001/a&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(G) a private or public nonprofit organization, including—
(i) a tribal nonprofit organization; and
(ii) a faith-based nonprofit organization.
(3) **Restorative practice** — The term “restorative practice” means a practice relating to a specific harm that—
(A) is community-based and unaffiliated with any civil or criminal legal process;
(B) is initiated by a victim of the harm;
(C) involves, on a voluntary basis and without any evidence of coercion or intimidation of any victim of the harm by any individual who committed the harm or anyone associated with any such individual—
(i) 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;
(ii) 1 or more victims of the harm; and
(iii) the community affected by the harm through 1 or more representatives of the community;
(D) shall include and has the goal of—
(i) collectively seeking accountability from 1 or more individuals who committed the harm;
(ii) developing a written process whereby 1 or more individuals who committed the harm will take responsibility for the actions that caused harm to 1 or more victims of the harm; and
(iii) developing a written course of action plan—
(I) that is responsive to the needs of 1 or more victims of the harm;
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 12291
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There is hereby established an Office of Justice Programs within the Department of Justice under the general authority of the Attorney General. The Office of Justice Programs (hereinafter referred to in this chapter as the “Office”) shall be headed by an Assistant Attorney General (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Assistant Attorney General”) appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section, Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 2006, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title IV, § 402(3), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1791, which authorized appropriations for each fiscal year until fiscal year 2005, was omitted as obsolete.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 3796gg–2
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There is established in the Office on Violence Against Women a Deputy Director for Tribal Affairs.
**(b) Duties**
(1) **11 So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted. In general** — The Deputy Director shall under the guidance and authority of the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women—
(A) oversee and manage the administration of grants to and contracts with Indian tribes, tribal courts, tribal organizations, or tribal nonprofit organizations;
(B) ensure that, if a grant under this Act or a contract pursuant to such a grant is made to an organization to perform services that benefit more than 1 Indian tribe, the approval of each Indian tribe to be benefitted shall be a prerequisite to the making of the grant or letting of the contract;
(C) coordinate development of Federal policy, protocols, and guidelines on matters relating to violence against Indian women;
(D) advise the Director of the Office on Violence Against Women concerning policies, legislation, implementation of laws, and other issues relating to violence against Indian women;
(E) represent the Office on Violence Against Women in the annual consultations under section 20126 22 See References in Text note below. of this title;
(F) provide technical assistance, coordination, and support to other offices and bureaus in the Department of Justice to develop policy and to enforce Federal laws relating to violence against Indian women, including through litigation of civil and criminal actions relating to those laws;
(G) maintain a liaison with the judicial branches of Federal, State, and tribal governments on matters relating to violence against Indian women;
(H) support enforcement of tribal protection orders and implementation of full faith and credit e
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10453
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The appropriate authorities of every State shall enforce according to its terms, and shall not modify except as provided in subsections (f), (g), and (h) of this section, any custody determination or visitation determination made consistently with the provisions of this section by a court of another State.
**(b)** As used in this section, the term—
(1) “child” means a person under the age of eighteen;
(2) “contestant” means a person, including a parent or grandparent, who claims a right to custody or visitation of a child;
(3) “custody determination” means a judgment, decree, or other order of a court providing for the custody of a child, and includes permanent and temporary orders, and initial orders and modifications;
(4) “home State” means the State in which, immediately preceding the time involved, the child lived with his parents, a parent, or a person acting as parent, for at least six consecutive months, and in the case of a child less than six months old, the State in which the child lived from birth with any of such persons. Periods of temporary absence of any of such persons are counted as part of the six-month or other period;
(5) “modification” and “modify” refer to a custody or visitation determination which modifies, replaces, supersedes, or otherwise is made subsequent to, a prior custody or visitation determination concerning the same child, whether made by the same court or not;
(6) “person acting as a parent” means a person, other than a parent, who has physical custody of a child and who has either been awarded custody by a court or claims a right to custody;
(7) “physical custody” means actual possession and control of a child;
(8) “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1738A
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General program purpose** The purpose of this subchapter is to assist States, State and local courts (including juvenile courts), Indian tribal governments, tribal courts, and units of local government to develop and strengthen effective law enforcement and prosecution strategies to combat violent crimes against women, and to develop and strengthen victim services in cases involving violent crimes against women.
**(b) Purposes for which grants may be used** Grants under this subchapter shall provide personnel, training, technical assistance, data collection and other resources for the more widespread apprehension, prosecution, and adjudication of persons committing violent crimes against women, for the protection and safety of victims, and specifically, for the purposes of—
(1) training law enforcement officers, judges, other court personnel, and prosecutors to more effectively identify and respond to violent crimes against women, including the crimes of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking, including the appropriate use of nonimmigrant status under subparagraphs (T) and (U) of [section 1101(a)(15) of title 8](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101/a/15&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) developing, training, or expanding units of law enforcement officers, judges, other court personnel, and prosecutors specifically targeting violent crimes against women, including the crimes of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking;
(3) developing and implementing more effective police, court, and prosecution policies, protocols, orders, and services specifically devoted to preventing, identifying, and responding to violent crimes against women, including the crimes of domestic violence, da
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10441
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Appointment** The President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint a Director for the Office on Violence Against Women (in this subchapter referred to as the “Director”) to be responsible, under the general authority of the Attorney General, for the administration, coordination, and implementation of the programs and activities of the Office.
**(b) Other employment** The Director shall not—
(1) engage in any employment other than that of serving as Director; or
(2) hold any office in, or act in any capacity for, any organization, agency, or institution with which the Office makes any contract or other agreement under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (title IV of Public Law 103–322), the Violence Against Women Act of 2000 (division B of Public Law 106–386), the Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005 (Public Law 109–162; 119 Stat. 2960), the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (Public Law 113–4; 127 Stat. 54), or the Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization Act of 2022.
**(c) Vacancy** In the case of a vacancy, the President may designate an officer or employee who shall act as Director during the vacancy.
**(d) Compensation** The Director shall be compensated at a rate of pay not to exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule under [section 5316 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5316&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10443
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General grants** The Attorney General may make grants to States, for use by States, State and local courts (including juvenile courts), units of local government, victim service providers, and Indian tribal governments for the purposes described in [section 10441(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10441/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Amounts** Of the amounts appropriated for the purposes of this subchapter—
(1) 10 percent shall be available for grants under the program authorized by [section 10452 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10452&num=0&edition=prelim), which shall not otherwise be subject to the requirements of this subchapter (other than [section 10447 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10447&num=0&edition=prelim));
(2) 2.5 percent shall be available for grants for State domestic violence coalitions under [section 10441(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10441/c&num=0&edition=prelim), with the coalition for each State, the coalition for the District of Columbia, the coalition for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the coalition for Guam, the coalition for American Samoa, the coalition for the United States Virgin Islands, and the coalition for the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.,11 So in original. each receiving an amount equal to 1⁄56 of the total amount made available under this paragraph for each fiscal year;
(3) 2.5 percent shall be available for grants for State sexual assault coalitions under [section 10441(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10441/c&
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 10446
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Training provided pursuant to grants made under this part may include current information, existing studies, or current data on—
(1) the nature and incidence of rape and sexual assault by strangers and nonstrangers, marital rape, and incest;
(2) the underreporting of rape, sexual assault, and child sexual abuse;
(3) the physical, psychological, and economic impact of rape and sexual assault on the victim, the costs to society, and the implications for sentencing;
(4) the psychology of sex offenders, their high rate of recidivism, and the implications for sentencing;
(5) the historical evolution of laws and attitudes on rape and sexual assault;
(6) sex stereotyping of female and male victims of rape and sexual assault, racial stereotyping of rape victims and defendants, and the impact of such stereotypes on credibility of witnesses, sentencing, and other aspects of the administration of justice;
(7) application of rape shield laws and other limits on introduction of evidence that may subject victims to improper sex stereotyping and harassment in both rape and nonrape cases, including the need for sua sponte judicial intervention in inappropriate cross-examination;
(8) the use of expert witness testimony on rape trauma syndrome, child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome, post-traumatic stress syndrome, and similar issues;
(9) the legitimate reasons why victims of rape, sexual assault, and incest may refuse to testify against a defendant;
(10) the nature and incidence of domestic violence and dating violence (as defined in section 10447 11 See References in Text note below. of this title);
(11) the physical, psychological, and economic impact of domestic violence and dating violence on the victim, the costs to society, and the implications for court procedures a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 12373
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establish** The Attorney General, in consultation with national nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations whose primary expertise is in domestic violence, shall establish a task force to coordinate research on domestic violence and to report to Congress on any overlapping or duplication of efforts on domestic violence issues. The task force shall be comprised of representatives from all Federal agencies that fund such research.
**(b) Uses of funds** Funds appropriated under this section shall be used to—
(1) develop a coordinated strategy to strengthen research focused on domestic violence education, prevention, and intervention strategies;
(2) track and report all Federal research and expenditures on domestic violence; and
(3) identify gaps and duplication of efforts in domestic violence research and governmental expenditures on domestic violence issues.
**(c) Report** The Task Force shall report to Congress annually on its work under subsection (b).
**(d) Definition** For purposes of this section, the term “domestic violence” has the meaning given such term by section 10447 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
**(e) Authorization of Appropriations** There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2001 through 2004.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 34 U.S.C. § 12441
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