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22 U.S.C. § 9423 — Sanctions to combat the proliferation of Iranian missiles
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The sanctions described in subsection (b) shall apply to any foreign person the President determines, on or after April 24, 2024—
(1) knowingly engages in any effort to acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer, or deploy covered technology to, from, or involving the Government of Iran or Iran-aligned entities, regardless of whether the restrictions set forth in Annex B to United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015) remain in effect after October 2023;
(2) knowingly provides entities owned or controlled by the Government of Iran or Iran-aligned entities with goods, technology, parts, or components, that may contribute to the development of covered technology;
(3) knowingly participates in joint missile or drone development, including development of covered technology, with the Government of Iran or Iran-aligned entities, including technical training, storage, and transport;
(4) knowingly imports, exports, or re-exports to, into, or from Iran, whether directly or indirectly, any significant arms or related materiel prohibited under paragraph (5) or (6) to Annex B of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015) as of April 1, 2023;
(5) knowingly provides significant financial, material, or technological support to, or knowingly engages in a significant transaction with, a foreign person subject to sanctions for conduct described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4); or
(6) is an adult family member of a person subject to sanctions for conduct described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4).
**(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) **Blocking of property** — The President shall exercise all authorities granted under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-9423-sanctions-to-combat-the-proliferation-of-iranian-missiles--553abb566a.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 101A, § 9423; chapter-101a-fight-and-combat-rampant-iranian-missile-exports.md
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**(a) In general** The sanctions described in subsection (b) shall apply to any foreign person the President determines, on or after April 24, 2024—
(1) knowingly engages in any effort to acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer, or deploy covered technology to, from, or involving the Government of Iran or Iran-aligned entities, regardless of whether the restrictions set forth in Annex B to United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015) remain in effect after October 2023;
(2) knowingly provides entities owned or controlled by the Government of Iran or Iran-aligned entities with goods, technology, parts, or components, that may contribute to the development of covered technology;
(3) knowingly participates in joint missile or drone development, including development of covered technology, with the Government of Iran or Iran-aligned entities, including technical training, storage, and transport;
(4) knowingly imports, exports, or re-exports to, into, or from Iran, whether directly or indirectly, any significant arms or related materiel prohibited under paragraph (5) or (6) to Annex B of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 (2015) as of April 1, 2023;
(5) knowingly provides significant financial, material, or technological support to, or knowingly engages in a significant transaction with, a foreign person subject to sanctions for conduct described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4); or
(6) is an adult family member of a person subject to sanctions for conduct described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4).
**(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) **Blocking of property** — The President shall exercise all authorities granted under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of the foreign person if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(2) **Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole**
(A) *Visas, admission, or parole* — An alien described in subsection (a) shall be—
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101&num=0&edition=prelim) et 16 11 So in original. The number “16” probably should not appear. seq.).
(B) *Current visas revoked*
(i) *In general* — The visa or other entry documentation of any alien described in subsection (a) is subject to revocation regardless of the issue date of the visa or other entry documentation.
(ii) *Immediate effect* — A revocation under clause (i) shall, in accordance with section 221(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1201(i)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1201/i&num=0&edition=prelim))—
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the possession of the alien.
**(c) Penalties** Any person that violates, or attempts to violate, subsection (b) or any regulation, license, or order issued pursuant to that subsection, shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Economic 22 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “Emergency”. Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1705](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1705&num=0&edition=prelim)) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
**(d) Waiver** The President may waive the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a foreign person for renewable periods not to exceed 180 days only if, not later than 15 days after the date on which the waiver is to take effect, the President submits to the appropriate congressional committees a written determination and justification that the waiver is in the vital national security interests of the United States.
**(e) Implementation** The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1702](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) and 1704) to carry out any amendments made by this section.
**(f) Regulations**
(1) **In general** — The President shall, not later than 120 days after April 24, 2024, promulgate regulations as necessary for the implementation of this division and the amendments made by this division.
(2) **Notification to Congress** — Not less than 10 days before the promulgation of regulations under subsection (a), the President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees of the proposed regulations and the provisions of this division and the amendments made by this division that the regulations are implementing.
**(g) Exceptions**
(1) **Exception for intelligence activities** — Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 3091](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3091&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(2) **Exception to comply with international obligations and for law enforcement activities** — Sanctions under this section shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary—
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist authorized law enforcement activity in the United States.
**(h) Termination of sanctions** This section shall cease to be effective beginning on the date that is 30 days after the date on which the President certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that—
(1) the Government of Iran no longer repeatedly provides support for international terrorism as determined by the Secretary of State pursuant to—
(A) [section 4813(c)(1)(A) of title 50](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section4813/c/1/A&num=0&edition=prelim);
(B) [section 2371 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2371&num=0&edition=prelim);
(C) [section 2780 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2780&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(D) any other provision of law; and
(2) Iran has ceased the pursuit, acquisition, and development of, and verifiably dismantled its, nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons and ballistic missiles and ballistic missile launch technology.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prohibited transactions by United States Government** The following transactions by the United States Government are prohibited:
(1) Exporting or otherwise providing (by sale, lease or loan, grant, or other means), directly or indirectly, any munitions item to a country described in subsection (d) under the authority of this chapter, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or any other law (except as provided in subsection (h)). In implementing this paragraph, the United States Government—
(A) shall suspend delivery to such country of any such item pursuant to any such transaction which has not been completed at the time the Secretary of State makes the determination described in subsection (d), and
(B) shall terminate any lease or loan to such country of any such item which is in effect at the time the Secretary of State makes that determination.
(2) Providing credits, guarantees, or other financial assistance under the authority of this chapter, the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [[22 U.S.C. 2151](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2151&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or any other law (except as provided in subsection (h)), with respect to the acquisition of any munitions item by a country described in subsection (d). In implementing this paragraph, the United States Government shall suspend expenditures pursuant to any such assistance obligated before the Secretary of State makes the determination described in subsection (d). The President may authorize expenditures otherwise required to be suspended pursuant to the preceding sentence if the President has determined, and reported to the Co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2780
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Prohibition** The United States shall not provide any assistance under this chapter, the Food for Peace Act [[7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], the Peace Corps Act [[22 U.S.C. 2501](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section2501&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], or the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945 [[12 U.S.C. 635](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title12-section635&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] to any country if the Secretary of State determines that the government of that country has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism.
**(b) Publication of determinations** Each determination of the Secretary of State under subsection (a), including each determination in effect on December 12, 1989, shall be published in the Federal Register.
**(c) Rescission** A determination made by the Secretary of State under subsection (a) may not be rescinded unless the President submits to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate—
(1) before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report certifying that—
(A) there has been a fundamental change in the leadership and policies of the government of the country concerned;
(B) that government is not supporting acts of international terrorism; and
(C) that government has provided assurances that it will not support acts of international terrorism in the future; or
(2) at least 45 days before the proposed rescission would take effect, a report justifying the rescission and certifying that—
(A) the government concerned has not provided any support for international terrorism d
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 2371
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** As used in this chapter—
(1) The term “administrator” means the official designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to [section 1104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1104/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The term “advocates” includes, but is not limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by overt act, and admits belief in.
(3) The term “alien” means any person not a citizen or national of the United States.
(4) The term “application for admission” has reference to the application for admission into the United States and not to the application for the issuance of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa.
(5) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States.
(6) The term “border crossing identification card” means a document of identity bearing that designation issued to an alien who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or to an alien who is a resident in foreign contiguous territory, by a consular officer or an immigration officer for the purpose of crossing over the borders between the United States and foreign contiguous territory in accordance with such conditions for its issuance and use as may be prescribed by regulations. Such regulations shall provide that (A) each such document include a biometric identifier (such as the fingerprint or handprint of the alien) that is machine readable and (B) an alien presenting a border crossing identification card is not permitted to cross over the border into the United States unless the biometric identifier contained on the card matches the appropriate biometric characteristic of the alien.
(7) The term “clerk of court” means a clerk of a naturalization court.
(8) The terms “Commissioner” and “Deputy Commissioner” mean the Co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 1101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) At the times and to the extent specified in [section 1701 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may, under such regulations as he may prescribe, by means of instructions, licenses, or otherwise—
(A) investigate, regulate, or prohibit—
(i) any transactions in foreign exchange,
(ii) transfers of credit or payments between, by, through, or to any banking institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments involve any interest of any foreign country or a national thereof,
(iii) the importing or exporting of currency or securities,
by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States;
(B) investigate, block during the pendency of an investigation, regulate, direct and compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit, any acquisition, holding, withholding, use, transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation or exportation of, or dealing in, or exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to, or transactions involving, any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; and.11 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
(C) when the United States is engaged in armed hostilities or has been attacked by a foreign country or foreign nationals, confiscate any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, of any foreign person, foreign organization, or foreign country that he determines has planned, authorized, aided, or engaged in such hostilities or attacks against the United States; and all right, title, and interest in any prop
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Unlawful acts** It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under this chapter.
**(b) Civil penalty** A civil penalty may be imposed on any person who commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) in an amount not to exceed the greater of—
(1) $250,000; or
(2) an amount that is twice the amount of the transaction that is the basis of the violation with respect to which the penalty is imposed.
**(c) Criminal penalty** A person who willfully commits, willfully attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an unlawful act described in subsection (a) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, may be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing proceedings**
(A) *In general* — An action, suit, or proceeding for the enforcement of any civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture, pecuniary or otherwise, under this section shall not be entertained unless commenced within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture is based.
(B) *Commencement* — For purposes of this paragraph, the commencement of an action, suit, or proceeding includes the issuance of a pre-penalty notice or finding of violation.
(2) **Time for indictment** — No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under subsection (c) unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the indictment or information is based.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1705
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions and purposes of this chapter (other than the provisions and purposes of sections 3023, 3025, 3035, 3038 of this title and subchapters III, IV, and V).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 3091
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2235
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 9423
1 So in original. The number ‘‘16’’ probably should not appear.
Yemen and militia units in Iraq, without prior
authorization from the United Nations Secu-
rity Council, in violation of the restrictions
set forth in Annex B to United Nations Secu-
rity Council Resolution 2231.
(3) Certain missile-related restrictions in
Annex B to United Nations Security Council
Resolution 2231 expired in October 2023, remov-
ing international legal restrictions on missile-
related activities and transfers to and from
Iran.
(Pub. L. 118–50, div. K, § 2, Apr. 24, 2024, 138 Stat.
970.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE
Pub. L. 118–50, div. K, § 1, Apr. 24, 2024, 138 Stat. 970,
provided that: ‘‘This division [enacting this chapter]
may be cited as the ‘Fight and Combat Rampant Ira-
nian Missile Exports Act’ or the ‘Fight CRIME Act’.’’
§ 9422. Statement of policy
It is the policy of the United States—
(1) to urgently seek the extension of missile-
related restrictions set forth in Annex B to
United Nations Security Council Resolution
2231 (2015);
(2) to use all available authorities to con-
strain Iran’s domestic ballistic missile produc-
tion capabilities;
(3) to combat and deter the transfer of con-
ventional and non-conventional arms, equip-
ment, material, and technology to, or from
Iran, or involving the Government of Iran; and
(4) to ensure countries, individuals, and enti-
ties engaged in, or attempting to engage in,
the acquisition, facilitation, or development of
arms and related components and technology
subject to restrictions under Annex B to
United Nations Security Council Resolution
2231 are held to account under United States
and international law, including through the
ap
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 9423
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 151
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1701
CHAPTER 35—INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
ECONOMIC POWERS
Sec.
1701.
Unusual and extraordinary threat; declara-
tion of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities.
1702.
Presidential authorities.
1703.
Consultation and reports.
1704.
Authority to issue regulations.
1705.
Penalties.
1706.
Savings provisions.
1707.
Multinational economic embargoes against
governments in armed conflict with the
United States.
1708.
Actions to address economic or industrial es-
pionage in cyberspace.
1709.
Imposition of sanctions with respect to theft
of trade secrets of United States persons.
1710.
Confronting asymmetric and malicious cyber
activities.
§ 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; dec-
laration of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities
(a) Any authority granted to the President by
section 1702 of this title may be exercised to deal
with any unusual and extraordinary threat,
which has its source in whole or substantial part
outside the United States, to the national secu-
rity, foreign policy, or economy of the United
States, if the President declares a national
emergency with respect to such threat.
(b) The authorities granted to the President
by section 1702 of this title may only be exer-
cised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary
threat with respect to which a national emer-
gency has been declared for purposes of this
chapter and may not be exercised for any other
purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal
with any new threat shall be based on a new dec-
laration of national emergency which must be
with respect to such threat.
(Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 202, Dec. 28, 1977, 91
Stat. 1626.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1701. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 224
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1702
1 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 24, 2008, 73 F.R. 36255.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 22, 2007, 72 F.R. 34981.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 22, 2006, 71 F.R. 36183.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 23, 2005, 70 F.R. 36803.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 24, 2004, 69 F.R. 36005.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 20, 2003, 68 F.R. 37389.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 21, 2002, 67 F.R. 42703.
Ex. Ord. No. 13304, May 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 32315.
Ex. Ord. No. 14033, June 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 31079.
YEMEN
Ex. Ord. No. 13611, May 16, 2012, 77 F.R. 29533.
Continuations of national emergency declared by
Ex. Ord. No. 13611 were contained in the following:
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
14, 2024, 89 F.R. 42765.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
11, 2023, 88 F.R. 31141.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
9, 2022, 87 F.R. 29023.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
11, 2021, 86 F.R. 26341.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
7, 2020, 85 F.R. 27643.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
13, 2019, 84 F.R. 22047.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
14, 2018, 83 F.R. 22585.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
8, 2017, 82 F.R. 21905.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
12, 2016, 81 F.R. 30155.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
13, 2015, 80 F.R. 27851.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
12, 2014, 79 F.R. 27477.
Notice of
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1702
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 50 U.S.C. § 1702. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.