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42 U.S.C. § 2451 to 2454 — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

42 U.S.C. § 2451 to 2454 — Repealed. Pub. L. 111–314, § 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3444

### Statutory Notes Section 2451, Pub. L. 85–568, title I, § 102, July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 94–413, § 15(a), (b), Sept. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 1270; Pub. L. 95–238, title III, § 311, Feb. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 83; Pub. L. 95–401, § 7, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 860; Pub. L. 98–361, title I, § 110, July 16, 1984, 98 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 100–685, title II, § 214, Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4093; Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 302(a), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1591; Pub. L. 109–155, title III, § 321(d)(2), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2923, related to congressional declaration of policy and purpose. See [section 20102 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section20102&num=0&edition=prelim), National and Commercial Space Programs. Section 2452, Pub. L. 85–568, title I, § 103, July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 98–52, title I, § 108, July 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 285, related to definitions. See [section 20103 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section20103&num=0&edition=prelim). Section 2453, Pub. L. 85–568, title III, § 302, July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 433, provided authorization to transfer related functions of other Federal agencies to Administration during a four-year period after July 29, 1958. Section 2454, Pub. L. 85–568, title III, § 303, July 29, 1958, 72 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 102–588, title V, § 509, Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5129, related to access to information obtained or developed by the Administrator. See [section 20131 of Title 51](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section20131&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-42/section-2451-to-2454-42-u-s-c-2451-to-2454-repealed-pub-l-111314-6-dec-18-2010-124-stat-3444--fde8a114ea.md
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 26, § 2451 to 2454; chapter-026-national-space-program.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 20102 — Congressional declaration of policy and purpose

**(a) Devotion of Space Activities to Peaceful Purposes for Benefit of All Humankind.—** Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States that activities in space should be devoted to peaceful purposes for the benefit of all humankind. **(b) Aeronautical and Space Activities for Welfare and Security of United States.—** Congress declares that the general welfare and security of the United States require that adequate provision be made for aeronautical and space activities. Congress further declares that such activities shall be the responsibility of, and shall be directed by, a civilian agency exercising control over aeronautical and space activities sponsored by the United States, except that activities peculiar to or primarily associated with the development of weapons systems, military operations, or the defense of the United States (including the research and development necessary to make effective provision for the defense of the United States) shall be the responsibility of, and shall be directed by, the Department of Defense; and that determination as to which agency has responsibility for and direction of any such activity shall be made by the President. **(c) Commercial Use of Space.—** Congress declares that the general welfare of the United States requires that the Administration seek and encourage, to the maximum extent possible, the fullest commercial use of space. **(d) Objectives of Aeronautical and Space Activities.—** The aeronautical and space activities of the United States shall be conducted so as to contribute materially to one or more of the following objectives: (1) The expansion of human knowledge of the Earth and of phenomena in the atmosphere and space. (2) The improvement of the usefulness, performance, speed, safety, and effi

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 20131 — Public access to information

**(a) Public Inspection.—** Information obtained or developed by the Administrator in the performance of the Administrator’s functions under this chapter shall be made available for public inspection, except information— (1) authorized or required by Federal statute to be withheld; (2) classified to protect the national security; or (3) described in subsection (b). **(b) Special Handling of Trade Secret or Confidential Information.—** (1) **In general.—** — The Administrator, for a period of up to 5 years after the development of information described in paragraph (2), may provide appropriate protections against the dissemination of such information, including exemption from subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5. (2) **Information described.—** — Information referred to in paragraph (1) is information that results from activities conducted under an agreement entered into under subsections (e) and (f) of [section 20113 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title51-section20113&num=0&edition=prelim), and that would be a trade secret or commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential under the meaning of [section 552(b)(4) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section552/b/4&num=0&edition=prelim) if the information had been obtained from a non-Federal party participating in such an agreement. **(c) Committees of Congress.—** Nothing in this chapter authorizes the withholding of information by the Administrator from the duly authorized committees of Congress.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

51 U.S.C. § 20103 — Definitions

In this chapter: (1) **Aeronautical and space activities.—** — The term “aeronautical and space activities” means— (A) research into, and the solution of, problems of flight within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere; (B) the development, construction, testing, and operation for research purposes of aeronautical and space vehicles; (C) the operation of a space transportation system including the space shuttle, upper stages, space platforms, and related equipment; and (D) such other activities as may be required for the exploration of space. (2) **Aeronautical and space vehicles.—** — The term “aeronautical and space vehicles” means aircraft, missiles, satellites, and other space vehicles, manned and unmanned, together with related equipment, devices, components, and parts.

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