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49 U.S.C. § 44501 — Plans and policy
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Long Range Plans and Policy Requirements.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall make long range plans and policy for the orderly development and use of the navigable airspace, and the orderly development of air navigation facilities and services, that will best meet the needs of, and serve the interests of, civil aeronautics and the national defense, except for needs of the armed forces that are peculiar to air warfare and primarily of military concern.
**(b) Airway Capital Investment Plan.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall review, revise, and publish a national airways system plan, known as the Airway Capital Investment Plan, before the beginning of each fiscal year. The plan shall set forth—
(1) for a 10-year period, the research, engineering, procurement, and development programs and the facilities, services, and equipment that the Administrator considers necessary for a system of airways, air traffic services, and navigation aids that will—
(A) meet the forecasted needs of civil aeronautics;
(B) meet the requirements that the Secretary of Defense establishes for the support of the national defense; and
(C) provide the highest degree of safety in air commerce;
(2) for the first and second years of the plan, detailed annual estimates of—
(A) the number, type, location, and cost of acquiring, operating, and maintaining required facilities and services;
(B) the cost of research, engineering, procurement, and development required to improve safety, system capacity, and efficiency; and
(C) personnel levels required for the activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B);
(3) for the third, fourth, and fifth years of the plan, estimates of the total cost of each major program for the
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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 445, § 44501; chapter-445-facilities-personnel-and-research.md
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**(a) Long Range Plans and Policy Requirements.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall make long range plans and policy for the orderly development and use of the navigable airspace, and the orderly development of air navigation facilities and services, that will best meet the needs of, and serve the interests of, civil aeronautics and the national defense, except for needs of the armed forces that are peculiar to air warfare and primarily of military concern.
**(b) Airway Capital Investment Plan.—** The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall review, revise, and publish a national airways system plan, known as the Airway Capital Investment Plan, before the beginning of each fiscal year. The plan shall set forth—
(1) for a 10-year period, the research, engineering, procurement, and development programs and the facilities, services, and equipment that the Administrator considers necessary for a system of airways, air traffic services, and navigation aids that will—
(A) meet the forecasted needs of civil aeronautics;
(B) meet the requirements that the Secretary of Defense establishes for the support of the national defense; and
(C) provide the highest degree of safety in air commerce;
(2) for the first and second years of the plan, detailed annual estimates of—
(A) the number, type, location, and cost of acquiring, operating, and maintaining required facilities and services;
(B) the cost of research, engineering, procurement, and development required to improve safety, system capacity, and efficiency; and
(C) personnel levels required for the activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B);
(3) for the third, fourth, and fifth years of the plan, estimates of the total cost of each major program for the 3-year period, and additional major research programs, acquisition of systems, services, and facilities, and changes in personnel levels that may be required to meet long range objectives and that may have significant impact on future funding requirements;
(4) a 10-year investment plan that considers long range objectives that the Administrator considers necessary to—
(A) ensure that safety is given the highest priority in providing for a safe and efficient airway system; and
(B) meet the current and projected growth of the aerospace industry and the requirements of interstate commerce, the United States Postal Service, and the national defense; and
(5) a list of capital projects that are part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System and funded by amounts appropriated under section 48101(a).
**(c) National Aviation Research Plan.—**
(1) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall prepare and publish annually a national aviation research plan and submit the plan to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives. The plan shall be submitted not later than the date that is 30 days after the date of submission of the President’s budget to Congress. If such report cannot be prepared and submitted by the date that is 30 days after the date of submission of the President’s budget to Congress, the Administrator shall submit, before such date, a letter to the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee of 11 So in original. Probably should be “on”. Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives stating the reason for delayed submission, impacts of the delay, and actions taken to address circumstances that led to the delay.
(2)
(A) The plan shall describe, for a 5-year period, the research, engineering, and development that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration considers necessary—
(i) to ensure the continued capacity, safety, and efficiency of aviation in the United States, considering emerging technologies and forecasted needs of civil aeronautics; and
(ii) to provide the highest degree of safety in air travel.
(B) The plan shall—
(i) provide estimates by year of the schedule, cost, and work force levels for each active and planned major research and development project under sections 44504, 44505, 44507, 44509, 44511–44513, and 44912 of this title, including activities carried out under cooperative agreements with other Federal departments and agencies;
(ii) specify the goals and the priorities for allocation of resources among the major categories of research and development activities, including the rationale for the priorities identified;
(iii) identify the allocation of resources among long-term research, near-term research, and development activities;
(iv) identify the individual research and development projects in each funding category that are described in the annual budget request;
(v) highlight the research and development activities that address specific recommendations of the research advisory committee established under [section 44508 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44508&num=0&edition=prelim), and document the recommendations of the committee that are not accepted, specifying the reasons for nonacceptance; and
(vi) highlight the research and development technology transfer activities that promote technology sharing among government, industry, and academia through the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980.
(3) Subject to section 44912(d)(2) and regulations prescribed under such section, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall submit to the committees named in paragraph (1) of this subsection an annual report on the accomplishments of the research completed during the prior fiscal year, including a description of the dissemination to the private sector of research results and a description of any new technologies developed. The report shall be submitted with the plan required under paragraph (1) and be organized to allow comparison with the plan in effect for the prior fiscal year. The report shall be prepared in accordance with requirements of [section 1116 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1116&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment and Duties.—**
(1) There is a research advisory committee in the Federal Aviation Administration. The committee shall—
(A) provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration and Congress about needs, objectives, plans, approaches, content, and accomplishments of all aviation research and development activities and programs carried out, including those under sections 44504, 44505, 44507, 44511–44513, and 44912 of this title;
(B) assist in ensuring that the research is coordinated with similar research being conducted outside the Administration;
(C) review the operations of the regional centers of air transportation excellence established under [section 44513 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section44513&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(D) annually review the allocation made by the Administrator of the amounts authorized by [section 48102(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section48102/a&num=0&edition=prelim) among the major categories of research and development activities carried out by the Administration and provide advice and recommendations to the Administrator on whether such allocation is appropriate to meet the needs and objectives identified under subparagraph (A).
(2) The Administrator may establish subordinate committees to provide advice on specific areas of research conducted under sections 44504, 44505, 44507, 44511–44513, and 44912 of this title.
**(b) Members, Chairman, Pay, and Expenses.—**
(1) The committee is composed of not more than 30 members appointed by the Administrator from among individuals who are not employees of the Administration and who are specially qualified to se
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44508
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The Federal Aviation Administration is an administration in the Department of Transportation.
**(b) Administration Leadership.—**
(1) **Administrator.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The head of the Administration is the Administrator, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(B) *Qualifications.—* — The Administrator shall—
(i) be a citizen of the United States;
(ii) not be an active duty member of the Armed Forces;
(iii) not have retired from the Armed Forces within the 7 years preceding nomination; and
(iv) have experience in organizational management and a field directly related to aviation.
(C) *Fitness.—* — In appointing an individual as Administrator, the President shall consider the fitness of such individual to carry out efficiently the duties and powers of the office.
(D) *Term of office.—* — The term of office for any individual appointed as Administrator shall be 5 years.
(E) *Reporting chain.—* — Except as provided in subsection (f) or in other provisions of law, the Administrator reports directly to the Secretary of Transportation.
(2) **Deputy administrator.—**
(A) *In general.—* — The Administrator has a Deputy Administrator, who shall be appointed by the President.
(B) *Qualifications.—* — The Deputy Administrator shall—
(i) be a citizen of the United States; and
(ii) have experience in organizational management and a field directly related to aviation.
(C) *Fitness.—* — In appointing an individual as Deputy Administrator, the President shall consider the fitness of the individual to carry out efficiently the duties and powers of the office, including the duty to act for the Administrator when the Administrator is absent or unable to s
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 106
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds and declares that:
(1) Technology and industrial innovation are central to the economic, environmental, and social well-being of citizens of the United States.
(2) Technology and industrial innovation offer an improved standard of living, increased public and private sector productivity, creation of new industries and employment opportunities, improved public services and enhanced competitiveness of United States products in world markets.
(3) Many new discoveries and advances in science occur in universities and Federal laboratories, while the application of this new knowledge to commercial and useful public purposes depends largely upon actions by business and labor. Cooperation among academia, Federal laboratories, labor, and industry, in such forms as technology transfer, personnel exchange, joint research projects, and others, should be renewed, expanded, and strengthened.
(4) Small businesses have performed an important role in advancing industrial and technological innovation.
(5) Industrial and technological innovation in the United States may be lagging when compared to historical patterns and other industrialized nations.
(6) Increased industrial and technological innovation would reduce trade deficits, stabilize the dollar, increase productivity gains, increase employment, and stabilize prices.
(7) Government antitrust, economic, trade, patent, procurement, regulatory, research and development, and tax policies have significant impacts upon industrial innovation and development of technology, but there is insufficient knowledge of their effects in particular sectors of the economy.
(8) No comprehensive national policy exists to enhance technological innovation for commercial and public purposes. There is a need for such a policy, in
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Requirements.—**
(1) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall—
(A) develop, alter, test, and evaluate systems, procedures, facilities, services, and devices, and define their performance characteristics, to meet the needs for safe and efficient navigation and traffic control of civil and military aviation, except for needs of the armed forces that are peculiar to air warfare and primarily of military concern; and
(B) select systems, procedures, facilities, services, and devices that will best serve those needs and promote maximum coordination of air traffic control and air defense systems.
(2) The Administrator may make contracts to carry out this subsection without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31.
(3) When a substantial question exists under paragraph (1) of this subsection about whether a matter is of primary concern to the armed forces, the Administrator shall decide whether the Administrator or the Secretary of the appropriate military department has responsibility. The Administrator shall be given technical information related to each research and development project of the armed forces that potentially applies to, or potentially conflicts with, the common system to ensure that potential application to the common system is considered properly and that potential conflicts with the system are eliminated.
**(b) Research on Human Factors and Simulation Models.—** The Administrator shall conduct or supervise research—
(1) to develop a better understanding of the relationship between human factors and aviation accidents and between human factors and air safety;
(2) to enhance air traffic controller, mechanic, and flight crew performance;
(3) to develop a human-factor analysis of the hazards associated with ne
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 44505
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The head of each agency shall make available on a public website of the agency and to the Office of Management and Budget an update on agency performance.
**(b)**
(1) Each update shall compare actual performance achieved with the performance goals established in the agency performance plan under section 1115(b) and shall occur not later than 150 days after the end of each fiscal year, with more frequent updates of actual performance on indicators that provide data of significant value to the Government, Congress, or program partners at a reasonable level of administrative burden.
(2) If performance goals are specified in an alternative form under section 1115(c), the results shall be described in relation to such specifications, including whether the performance failed to meet the criteria of a minimally effective or successful program.
**(c)** Each update shall—
(1) review the success of achieving the performance goals and include actual results for the 5 preceding fiscal years;
(2) evaluate the performance plan for the current fiscal year relative to the performance achieved toward the performance goals during the period covered by the update;
(3) explain and describe where a performance goal has not been met (including when a program activity’s performance is determined not to have met the criteria of a successful program activity under section 1115(c)(1)(A)(ii) or a corresponding level of achievement if another alternative form is used)—
(A) why the goal was not met;
(B) those plans and schedules for achieving the established performance goal; and
(C) if the performance goal is impractical or infeasible, why that is the case and what action is recommended;
(4) describe the use and assess the effectiveness in achieving performance goals of an
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 1116
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** An agency shall accord exclusive recognition to a labor organization if the organization has been selected as the representative, in a secret ballot election, by a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit who cast valid ballots in the election.
**(b)** If a petition is filed with the Authority—
(1) by any person alleging—
(A) in the case of an appropriate unit for which there is no exclusive representative, that 30 percent of the employees in the appropriate unit wish to be represented for the purpose of collective bargaining by an exclusive representative, or
(B) in the case of an appropriate unit for which there is an exclusive representative, that 30 percent of the employees in the unit allege that the exclusive representative is no longer the representative of the majority of the employees in the unit; or
(2) by any person seeking clarification of, or an amendment to, a certification then in effect or a matter relating to representation;
the Authority shall investigate the petition, and if it has reasonable cause to believe that a question of representation exists, it shall provide an opportunity for a hearing (for which a transcript shall be kept) after reasonable notice. If the Authority finds on the record of the hearing that a question of representation exists, the Authority shall supervise or conduct an election on the question by secret ballot and shall certify the results thereof. An election under this subsection shall not be conducted in any appropriate unit or in any subdivision thereof within which, in the preceding 12 calendar months, a valid election under this subsection has been held.
**(c)** A labor organization which—
(1) has been designated by at least 10 percent of the employees in the unit specified in any petition file
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 7111
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) When requested by a committee of Congress having jurisdiction over receipts or appropriations, the President shall provide the committee with assistance and information.
(2) When requested by a committee of Congress, additional information related to the amount of an appropriation originally requested by an Office of Inspector General shall be submitted to the committee.
**(b)** When requested by a committee of Congress, by the Comptroller General, or by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the head of each executive agency shall—
(1) provide information on the location and kind of available fiscal, budget, and program information;
(2) to the extent practicable, prepare summary tables of that fiscal, budget, and program information and related information the committee, the Comptroller General, or the Director of the Congressional Budget Office considers necessary; and
(3) provide a program evaluation carried out or commissioned by an executive agency.
**(c)** In cooperation with the Director of the Congressional Budget Office, the Secretary, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Comptroller General shall—
(1) establish and maintain a current directory of sources of, and information systems for, fiscal, budget, and program information and a brief description of the contents of each source and system;
(2) when requested, provide assistance to committees of Congress and members of Congress in obtaining information from the sources in the directory; and
(3) when requested, provide assistance to committees and, to the extent practicable, to members of Congress in evaluating the information obtained from the sources in the directory
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 1113
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1241
TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION
§ 44501
1 So in original. Probably should be ‘‘on’’.
under such title, as in effect on September 30, 1992,
shall be treated as having continued in effect until the
date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1992].’’
CHAPTER 445—FACILITIES, PERSONNEL,
AND RESEARCH
Sec.
44501.
Plans and policy.
44502.
General facilities and personnel authority.
44503.
Reducing nonessential expenditures.
44504.
Improved aircraft, aircraft engines, propel-
lers, and appliances.
44505.
Systems, procedures, facilities, services, and
devices.
44506.
Air traffic controllers.
44507.
Regions and centers.
44508.
Research advisory committee.
44509.
Demonstration projects.
[44510.
Repealed.]
44511.
Aviation research grants.
44512.
Catastrophic
failure
prevention
research
grants.
44513.
Regional centers of air transportation excel-
lence.
[44514, 44515.
Repealed.]
44516.
Human factors program.
44517.
Program to permit cost sharing of air traffic
modernization projects.
44518.
Advanced Materials Center of Excellence.
44519.
Certification personnel continuing education
and training.
44520.
Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet
Fuels and Environment.
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2024—Pub. L. 118–63, title III, § 337, title IV, § 401(b),
title VI, § 618(b)(2), title X, § 1017(b), May 16, 2024, 138
Stat. 1093, 1148, 1231, 1397, added items 44505 and 44520
and struck out former item 44505 ‘‘Systems, procedures,
facilities, and devices’’ and items 44510 ‘‘Airway science
curriculum grants’’, 44514 ‘‘Flight service stations’’,
and 44515 ‘‘Advanced training facilities for maintenance
technicians for air carrier aircraft’’.
2020—Pub. L. 116–260, div. V, title I, § 112(b), Dec. 27,
2020, 134 Stat. 2332, added item 4
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 49 U.S.C. § 44501
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.