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18 U.S.C. § 49 — Enforcement of animal fighting prohibitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Whoever violates subsection (a)(1), (b), (c), or (d) of section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both, for each violation.
**(b) Attending an Animal Fighting Venture.—** Whoever violates subsection (a)(2)(A) of section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act ([7 U.S.C. 2156](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2156&num=0&edition=prelim)) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both, for each violation.
**(c) Causing an Individual Who Has Not Attained the Age of 16 To Attend an Animal Fighting Venture.—** Whoever violates subsection (a)(2)(B) of section 26 ([7 U.S.C. 2156](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2156&num=0&edition=prelim)) of the Animal Welfare Act shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 3 years, or both, for each violation.
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-49-enforcement-of-animal-fighting-prohibitions--7f078d88c3.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 3, § 49; chapter-003-animals-birds-fish-and-plants.md
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**(a) In General.—** Whoever violates subsection (a)(1), (b), (c), or (d) of section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 5 years, or both, for each violation.
**(b) Attending an Animal Fighting Venture.—** Whoever violates subsection (a)(2)(A) of section 26 of the Animal Welfare Act ([7 U.S.C. 2156](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2156&num=0&edition=prelim)) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both, for each violation.
**(c) Causing an Individual Who Has Not Attained the Age of 16 To Attend an Animal Fighting Venture.—** Whoever violates subsection (a)(2)(B) of section 26 ([7 U.S.C. 2156](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2156&num=0&edition=prelim)) of the Animal Welfare Act shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 3 years, or both, for each violation.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Sponsoring or exhibiting an animal in, attending, or causing an individual who has not attained the age of 16 to attend, an animal fighting venture**
(1) **Sponsoring or exhibiting** — It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly sponsor or exhibit an animal in an animal fighting venture.
(2) **Attending or causing an individual who has not attained the age of 16 to attend** — It shall be unlawful for any person to—
(A) knowingly attend an animal fighting venture; or
(B) knowingly cause an individual who has not attained the age of 16 to attend an animal fighting venture.
**(b) Buying, selling, delivering, possessing, training, or transporting animals for participation in animal fighting venture** It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly sell, buy, possess, train, transport, deliver, or receive any animal for purposes of having the animal participate in an animal fighting venture.
**(c) Use of Postal Service or other interstate instrumentality for promoting or furthering animal fighting venture** It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly use the mail service of the United States Postal Service or any instrumentality of interstate commerce for commercial speech for purposes of advertising an animal, or an instrument described in subsection (d), for use in an animal fighting venture, promoting 11 So in original. Probably should be preceded by “or”. or in any other manner furthering an animal fighting venture except as performed outside the limits of the States of the United States.
**(d) Buying, selling, delivering, or transporting sharp instruments for use in animal fighting venture** It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly sell, buy, transport, or deliver in interstate or foreign commerce a knife, a gaff, or any other sharp i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 7 U.S.C. § 2156
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171).
**(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c).
**(c) Transportation**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year.
(2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) **Amount**
(A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically di
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Short Title of 2026 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.”
#### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 33
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 81
cumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the provi-
sion and the application of the provision to other per-
sons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.’’
FINDINGS
Pub. L. 111–294, § 2, Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3177, provided
that: ‘‘The Congress finds the following:
‘‘(1) The United States has a long history of prohib-
iting the interstate sale, marketing, advertising, ex-
change, and distribution of obscene material and
speech that is integral to criminal conduct.
‘‘(2) The Federal Government and the States have a
compelling interest in preventing intentional acts of
extreme animal cruelty.
‘‘(3) Each of the several States and the District of
Columbia criminalize intentional acts of extreme ani-
mal cruelty, such as the intentional crushing, burn-
ing, drowning, suffocating, or impaling of animals for
no socially redeeming purpose.
‘‘(4) There are certain extreme acts of animal cru-
elty that appeal to a specific sexual fetish. These acts
of extreme animal cruelty are videotaped, and the re-
sulting video tapes are commonly referred to as ‘ani-
mal crush videos’.
‘‘(5) The Supreme Court of the United States has
long held that obscenity is an exception to speech
protected under the First Amendment to the Con-
stitution of the United States.
‘‘(6) In the judgment of Congress, many animal
crush videos are obscene in the sense that the depic-
tions, taken as a whole—
‘‘(A) appeal to the prurient interest in sex;
‘‘(B) are patently offensive; and
‘‘(C) lack serious literary, artistic, political, or
scientific value.
‘‘(7) Serious criminal acts of extreme animal cru-
elty are integral to the creation, sale, distribution,
advertising, marketing, and exchange of animal crush
videos.
‘‘(8) The
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 49
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1421
TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE
§ 2156
1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by ‘‘or’’.
such regulations. Compliance by research facili-
ties with the provisions of this chapter and such
regulations shall commence six months after
the promulgation of such regulations, except
that the Secretary may grant extensions of time
to research facilities which do not comply with
the standards prescribed by the Secretary pursu-
ant to section 2143 of this title provided that the
Secretary determines that there is evidence that
the research facilities will meet such standards
within a reasonable time. Notwithstanding the
other provisions of this section, compliance by
intermediate handlers, and carriers, and other
persons with those provisions of this chapter, as
amended by the Animal Welfare Act Amend-
ments of 1976, and those regulations promul-
gated thereunder, which relate to actions of in-
termediate handlers and carriers, shall com-
mence 90 days after promulgation of regulations
under section 2143 of this title, as amended, with
respect to intermediate handlers and carriers,
and such regulations shall be promulgated no
later than 9 months after April 22, 1976; and
compliance by dealers, exhibitors, operators of
auction sales, and research facilities with other
provisions of this chapter, as so amended, and
the regulations thereunder, shall commence
upon the expiration of 90 days after April 22,
1976: Provided, however, That compliance by all
persons with subsections (b), (c), and (d) of sec-
tion 2143 and with section 2156 of this title, as so
amended, shall commence upon the expiration of
said ninety-day period. In all other respects,
said amendments shall become effective on
April 22, 1976.
(Pub. L. 89–544, § 24, Aug. 24, 1966, 80 Stat.
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 7 U.S.C. § 2156
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