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42 U.S.C. § 16319 — Electricity Storage Research Initiative
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Initiative**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative, to be known as the “Electricity Storage Research Initiative” (referred to in this section as the “Initiative”)—
(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge to control, store, and convert—
(i) electrical energy to chemical energy; and
(ii) chemical energy to electrical energy;
(B) to support scientific inquiry into the practical understanding of chemical and physical processes that occur within systems involving crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids; and
(C) to ensure the competitiveness of the United States in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking fundamental research and development to deployment of storage solutions while minimizing the environmental impacts of energy storage technologies.
(2) **Leveraging** — In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from—
(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, and the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the Office of Science;
(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; and
(C) any other relevant office of the Department.
(3) **Teams**
(A) *In general* — In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
(B) *Goals* — The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals.
(C) *Resources* — The Secretary shall provide sufficient resource
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 149, § 16319; chapter-149-national-energy-policy-and-programs.md
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**(a) Initiative**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out a research initiative, to be known as the “Electricity Storage Research Initiative” (referred to in this section as the “Initiative”)—
(A) to expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge to control, store, and convert—
(i) electrical energy to chemical energy; and
(ii) chemical energy to electrical energy;
(B) to support scientific inquiry into the practical understanding of chemical and physical processes that occur within systems involving crystalline and amorphous solids, polymers, and organic and aqueous liquids; and
(C) to ensure the competitiveness of the United States in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking fundamental research and development to deployment of storage solutions while minimizing the environmental impacts of energy storage technologies.
(2) **Leveraging** — In carrying out programs and activities under the Initiative, the Secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from—
(A) the Basic Energy Sciences Program, the Advanced Scientific Computing Research Program, and the Biological and Environmental Research Program of the Office of Science;
(B) the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; and
(C) any other relevant office of the Department.
(3) **Teams**
(A) *In general* — In carrying out the Initiative, the Secretary shall organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage, to the maximum extent practicable, expertise from the National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and the private sector.
(B) *Goals* — The multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) shall pursue aggressive, milestone-driven, basic research goals.
(C) *Resources* — The Secretary shall provide sufficient resources to the multidisciplinary teams described in subparagraph (A) to achieve the goals described in subparagraph (B) over a period of time to be determined by the Secretary.
(4) **Additional activities** — The Secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through Energy Frontier Research Centers, Energy Innovation Hubs, or other organizational structures.
**(b) Multivalent systems**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to bridge scientific barriers to, and discover knowledge relevant to, multivalent ion materials in electric energy storage systems.
(2) **Activities** — As part of the program described in paragraph (1)—
(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences shall investigate electrochemical properties and the dynamics of materials, including charge transfer phenomena and mass transport in materials; and
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program.
(3) **Standard of review** — The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
(4) **Funding** — Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
**(c) Electrochemistry modeling and simulation**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research to model and simulate organic electrolytes, including the static and dynamic electrochemical behavior and phenomena of organic electrolytes at the molecular and atomic level in monovalent and multivalent systems.
(2) **Activities** — As part of the program described in paragraph (1)—
(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, in coordination with the Associate Director of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, shall support the development of high performance computational tools through a joint development process to maximize the effectiveness of current and projected high performance computing systems; and
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program.
(3) **Standard of review** — The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
(4) **Funding** — Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
**(d) Mesoscale electrochemistry**
(1) **In general** — The Secretary shall carry out under the Initiative a program to support research needed to reveal electrochemistry in confined mesoscale spaces, including scientific discoveries relevant to—
(A) bio-electrochemistry and electrochemical energy conversion and storage in confined spaces; and
(B) the dynamics of the phenomena described in subparagraph (A).
(2) **Activities** — As part of the program described in paragraph (1)—
(A) the Director of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences and the Associate Director of Biological and Environmental Research shall investigate phenomena of mesoscale electrochemical confinement for the purpose of replicating and controlling new electrochemical behavior; and
(B) the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy shall support translational research, development, and validation of physical concepts developed under the program.
(3) **Standard of review** — The Secretary shall review activities carried out under the program described in paragraph (1) to determine the achievement of technical milestones.
(4) **Funding** — Of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under this subsection $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2027.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** In order to achieve the purposes of this subchapter, the Secretary shall conduct a balanced set of programs of energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial application with the general goals of—
(1) increasing the efficiency of all energy intensive sectors through conservation and improved technologies;
(2) promoting diversity of energy supply;
(3) decreasing the dependence of the United States on foreign energy supplies;
(4) improving the energy security of the United States; and
(5) decreasing the environmental impact of energy-related activities.
**(b) Goals** The Secretary shall publish measurable cost and performance-based goals, comparable over time, with each annual budget submission in at least the following areas:
(1) Energy efficiency for buildings, energy-consuming industries, and vehicles.
(2) Electric energy generation (including distributed generation), transmission, and storage.
(3) Renewable energy technologies, including wind power, photovoltaics, solar thermal systems, geothermal energy, hydrogen-fueled systems, biomass-based systems, biofuels, and hydropower.
(4) Fossil energy, including power generation, onshore and offshore oil and gas resource recovery, and transportation fuels.
(5) Nuclear energy, including programs for existing and advanced reactors, and education of future specialists.
**(c) Public comment** The Secretary shall provide mechanisms for input on the annually published goals from industry, institutions of higher education, and other public sources.
**(d) Effect of goals** Nothing in subsection (a) or the annually published goals creates any new authority for any Federal agency, or may be used by any Federal agency, to support the establishment of regulatory standards or regulatory requi
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall conduct, through the Office of Science, programs of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application in high energy physics, nuclear physics, biological and environmental research, basic energy sciences, advanced scientific computing research, and fusion energy sciences, including activities described in this part. The programs shall include support for facilities and infrastructure, education, outreach, information, analysis, and coordination activities.
**(b) Authorization of appropriations** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities of the Office of Science, including activities authorized under this part (including the amounts authorized under the amendment made by section 976(b) 11 See References in Text note below. and including basic energy sciences, advanced scientific and computing research, biological and environmental research, fusion energy sciences, high energy physics, nuclear physics, research analysis, and infrastructure support)—
(1) $4,153,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(2) $4,586,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
(3) $5,200,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
(4) $5,814,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
(5) $5,247,000,000 for fiscal year 2011;
(6) $5,614,000,000 for fiscal year 2012; and
(7) $6,007,000,000 for fiscal year 2013.
**(c) Allocations** From amounts authorized under subsection (b), the following sums are authorized:
(1) For activities under the Fusion Energy Sciences program (including activities under [section 16312 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section16312&num=0&edition=prelim))—
(A) $355,500,000 for fiscal year 2007;
(B) $369,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 16315
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 8869
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 16320
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
This part, referred to in subsec. (d), was in the origi-
nal ‘‘this subtitle’’, meaning subtitle G (§§ 971–984A) of
title IX of Pub. L. 109–58, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 898,
which enacted this part and amended section 5523 of
Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classifica-
tion of subtitle G to the Code, see Tables.
AMENDMENTS
2022—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–167 added subsec. (f) and
struck out former subsec. (f) which related to establish-
ment of at least 7 bioenergy research centers to carry
out the program under subsec. (a) of this section.
2007—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–140, § 232(a)(1), sub-
stituted ‘‘computational biology, and environmental
science’’ for ‘‘and computational biology’’.
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–140, § 232(a)(2)(A), inserted
‘‘in sustainable production systems that reduce green-
house gas emissions’’ after ‘‘hydrogen’’.
Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 110–140, § 232(a)(2)(B)–(D),
added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–140, § 233, added subsec. (f).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2007 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date
that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub.
L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under sec-
tion 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.
§ 16318. Fission and fusion energy materials re-
search program
(a) In general
Along with the budget request of the President
submitted to Congress for fiscal year 2007, the
Secretary shall establish a research and develop-
ment program on material science issues pre-
sented by advanced fission reactors and the fu-
sion energy program of the Department.
(b) Administrat
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 16319
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