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26 U.S.C. § 7871 — Indian tribal governments treated as States for certain purposes

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 7871 — Indian tribal governments treated as States for certain purposes

**(a) General rule** An Indian tribal government shall be treated as a State— (1) for purposes of determining whether and in what amount any contribution or transfer to or for the use of such government (or a political subdivision thereof) is deductible under— (A) section 170 (relating to income tax deduction for charitable, etc., contributions and gifts), (B) sections 2055 and 2106(a)(2) (relating to estate tax deduction for transfers of public, charitable, and religious uses), or (C) section 2522 (relating to gift tax deduction for charitable and similar gifts); (2) subject to subsection (b), for purposes of any exemption from, credit or refund of, or payment with respect to, an excise tax imposed by— (A) chapter 31 (relating to tax on special fuels), (B) chapter 32 (relating to manufacturers excise taxes), (C) subchapter B of chapter 33 (relating to communications excise tax), or (D) subchapter D of chapter 36 (relating to tax on use of certain highway vehicles); (3) for purposes of section 164 (relating to deduction for taxes); (4) subject to subsection (c), for purposes of section 103 (relating to State and local bonds); (5) for purposes of section 511(a)(2)(B) (relating to the taxation of colleges and universities which are agencies or instrumentalities of governments or their political subdivisions); (6) for purposes of— (A) section 105(e) (relating to accident and health plans), (B) section 403(b)(1)(A)(ii) (relating to the taxation of contributions of certain employers for employee annuities), and (C) section 454(b)(2) (relating to discount obligations); and (7) for purposes of— (A) chapter 41 (relating to tax on excess expenditures to influence legislation), and (B) subchapter A of chapter 42 (relating to private foun

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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-26/section-7871-indian-tribal-governments-treated-as-states-for-certain-purposes--2b4915392b.md
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 80, § 7871; chapter-080-general-rules.md

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**(a) General rule** An Indian tribal government shall be treated as a State— (1) for purposes of determining whether and in what amount any contribution or transfer to or for the use of such government (or a political subdivision thereof) is deductible under— (A) section 170 (relating to income tax deduction for charitable, etc., contributions and gifts), (B) sections 2055 and 2106(a)(2) (relating to estate tax deduction for transfers of public, charitable, and religious uses), or (C) section 2522 (relating to gift tax deduction for charitable and similar gifts); (2) subject to subsection (b), for purposes of any exemption from, credit or refund of, or payment with respect to, an excise tax imposed by— (A) chapter 31 (relating to tax on special fuels), (B) chapter 32 (relating to manufacturers excise taxes), (C) subchapter B of chapter 33 (relating to communications excise tax), or (D) subchapter D of chapter 36 (relating to tax on use of certain highway vehicles); (3) for purposes of section 164 (relating to deduction for taxes); (4) subject to subsection (c), for purposes of section 103 (relating to State and local bonds); (5) for purposes of section 511(a)(2)(B) (relating to the taxation of colleges and universities which are agencies or instrumentalities of governments or their political subdivisions); (6) for purposes of— (A) section 105(e) (relating to accident and health plans), (B) section 403(b)(1)(A)(ii) (relating to the taxation of contributions of certain employers for employee annuities), and (C) section 454(b)(2) (relating to discount obligations); and (7) for purposes of— (A) chapter 41 (relating to tax on excess expenditures to influence legislation), and (B) subchapter A of chapter 42 (relating to private foundations). **(b) Additional requirements for excise tax exemptions** Paragraph (2) of subsection (a) shall apply with respect to any transaction only if, in addition to any other requirement of this title applicable to similar transactions involving a State or political subdivision thereof, the transaction involves the exercise of an essential governmental function of the Indian tribal government. **(c) Additional requirements for tax-exempt bonds** (1) **In general** — Subsection (a) of section 103 shall apply to any obligation (not described in paragraph (2)) issued by an Indian tribal government (or subdivision thereof) only if such obligation is part of an issue substantially all of the proceeds of which are to be used in the exercise of any essential governmental function. (2) **No exemption for private activity bonds** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), subsection (a) of section 103 shall not apply to any private activity bond (as defined in section 141(a)) issued by an Indian tribal government (or subdivision thereof). (3) **Exception for certain private activity bonds** (A) *In general* — In the case of an obligation to which this paragraph applies— (i) paragraph (2) shall not apply, (ii) such obligation shall be treated for purposes of this title as a qualified small issue bond, and (iii) section 146 shall not apply. (B) *Obligations to which paragraph applies* — This paragraph shall apply to any obligation issued as part of an issue if— (i) 95 percent or more of the net proceeds of the issue are to be used for the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, or improvement of property which is of a character subject to the allowance for depreciation and which is part of a manufacturing facility (as defined in section 144(a)(12)(C)), (ii) such issue is issued by an Indian tribal government or a subdivision thereof, (iii) 95 percent or more of the net proceeds of the issue are to be used to finance property which— (I) is to be located on land which, throughout the 5-year period ending on the date of issuance of such issue, is part of the qualified Indian lands of the issuer, and (II) is to be owned and operated by such issuer, (iv) such obligation would not be a private activity bond without regard to subparagraph (C), (v) it is reasonably expected (at the time of issuance of the issue) that the employment requirement of subparagraph (D)(i) will be met with respect to the facility to be financed by the net proceeds of the issue, and (vi) no principal user of such facility will be a person (or group of persons) described in section 144(a)(6)(B). For purposes of clause (iii), section 150(a)(5) shall apply. (C) *Private activity bond rules to apply* — An obligation to which this paragraph applies (other than an obligation described in paragraph (1)) shall be treated for purposes of this title as a private activity bond. (D) *Employment requirements* (i) *In general* — The employment requirements of this subparagraph are met with respect to a facility financed by the net proceeds of an issue if, as of the close of each calendar year in the testing period, the aggregate face amount of all outstanding tax-exempt private activity bonds issued to provide financing for the establishment which includes such facility is not more than 20 times greater than the aggregate wages (as defined by section 3121(a)) paid during the preceding calendar year to individuals (who are enrolled members of the Indian tribe of the issuer or the spouse of any such member) for services rendered at such establishment. (ii) *Failure to meet requirements* (I) *In general* — If, as of the close of any calendar year in the testing period, the requirements of this subparagraph are not met with respect to an establishment, section 103 shall cease to apply to interest received or accrued (on all private activity bonds issued to provide financing for the establishment) after the close of such calendar year. (II) *Exception* — Subclause (I) shall not apply if the requirements of this subparagraph would be met if the aggregate face amount of all tax-exempt private activity bonds issued to provide financing for the establishment and outstanding at the close of the 90th day after the close of the calendar year were substituted in clause (i) for such bonds outstanding at the close of such calendar year. (iii) *Testing period* — For purposes of this subparagraph, the term “testing period” means, with respect to an issue, each calendar year which begins more than 2 years after the date of issuance of the issue (or, in the case of a refunding obligation, the date of issuance of the original issue). (E) *Definitions* — For purposes of this paragraph— (i) *Qualified Indian lands* — The term “qualified Indian lands” means land which is held in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian tribe. (ii) *Indian tribe* — The term “Indian tribe” means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians. (iii) *Net proceeds* — The term “net proceeds” has the meaning given such term by section 150(a)(3). **(d) Treatment of subdivisions of Indian tribal governments as political subdivisions** For the purposes specified in subsection (a), a subdivision of an Indian tribal government shall be treated as a political subdivision of a State if (and only if) the Secretary determines (after consultation with the Secretary of the Interior) that such subdivision has been delegated the right to exercise one or more of the substantial governmental functions of the Indian tribal government. **(e) Essential governmental function** For purposes of this section, the term “essential governmental function” shall not include any function which is not customarily performed by State and local governments with general taxing powers. **(f) Tribal economic development bonds** (1) **Allocation of limitation** (A) *In general* — The Secretary shall allocate the national tribal economic development bond limitation among the Indian tribal governments in such manner as the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior, determines appropriate. (B) *National limitation* — There is a national tribal economic development bond limitation of $2,000,000,000. (2) **Bonds treated as exempt from tax** — In the case of a tribal economic development bond— (A) notwithstanding subsection (c), such bond shall be treated for purposes of this title in the same manner as if such bond were issued by a State, (B) the Indian tribal government issuing such bond and any instrumentality of such Indian tribal government shall be treated as a State for purposes of section 141, and (C) section 146 shall not apply. (3) **Tribal economic development bond** (A) *In general* — For purposes of this section, the term “tribal economic development bond” means any bond issued by an Indian tribal government— (i) the interest on which would be exempt from tax under section 103 if issued by a State or local government, and (ii) which is designated by the Indian tribal government as a tribal economic development bond for purposes of this subsection. (B) *Exceptions* — Such term shall not include any bond issued as part of an issue if any portion of the proceeds of such issue are used to finance— (i) any portion of a building in which class II or class III gaming (as defined in section 4 of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act) is conducted or housed or any other property actually used in the conduct of such gaming, or (ii) any facility located outside the Indian reservation (as defined in section 168(j)(6)). (C) *Limitation on amount of bonds designated* — The maximum aggregate face amount of bonds which may be designated by any Indian tribal government under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed the amount of national tribal economic development bond limitation allocated to such government under paragraph (1).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 2001 — Imposition and rate of tax

**(a) Imposition** A tax is hereby imposed on the transfer of the taxable estate of every decedent who is a citizen or resident of the United States. **(b) Computation of tax** The tax imposed by this section shall be the amount equal to the excess (if any) of— (1) a tentative tax computed under subsection (c) on the sum of— (A) the amount of the taxable estate, and (B) the amount of the adjusted taxable gifts, over (2) the aggregate amount of tax which would have been payable under chapter 12 with respect to gifts made by the decedent after December 31, 1976, if the modifications described in subsection (g) had been applicable at the time of such gifts. For purposes of paragraph (1)(B), the term “adjusted taxable gifts” means the total amount of the taxable gifts (within the meaning of section 2503) made by the decedent after December 31, 1976, other than gifts which are includible in the gross estate of the decedent. **(c) Rate schedule** If the amount with respect to which the tentative tax to be computed is:The tentative tax is: Not over $10,00018 percent of such amount. Over $10,000 but not over $20,000$1,800, plus 20 percent of the excess of such amount over $10,000. Over $20,000 but not over $40,000$3,800, plus 22 percent of the excess of such amount over $20,000. Over $40,000 but not over $60,000$8,200 plus 24 percent of the excess of such amount over $40,000. Over $60,000 but not over $80,000$13,000, plus 26 percent of the excess of such amount over $60,000. Over $80,000 but not over $100,000$18,200, plus 28 percent of the excess of such amount over $80,000. Over $100,000 but not over $150,000$23,800, plus 30 percent of the excess of such amount over $100,000. Over $150,000 but not over $250,000$38,800, plus 32 percent of the excess of such amount ove

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 861 — Income from sources within the United States

**(a) Gross income from sources within United States** The following items of gross income shall be treated as income from sources within the United States: (1) **Interest** — Interest from the United States or the District of Columbia, and interest on bonds, notes, or other interest-bearing obligations of noncorporate residents or domestic corporations not including— (A) interest— (i) on deposits with a foreign branch of a domestic corporation or a domestic partnership if such branch is engaged in the commercial banking business, and (ii) on amounts satisfying the requirements of subparagraph (B) of section 871(i)(3) which are paid by a foreign branch of a domestic corporation or a domestic partnership, and (B) in the case of a foreign partnership, which is predominantly engaged in the active conduct of a trade or business outside the United States, any interest not paid by a trade or business engaged in by the partnership in the United States and not allocable to income which is effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected) with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. (2) **Dividends** — The amount received as dividends— (A) from a domestic corporation, or (B) from a foreign corporation unless less than 25 percent of the gross income from all sources of such foreign corporation for the 3-year period ending with the close of its taxable year preceding the declaration of such dividends (or for such part of such period as the corporation has been in existence) was effectively connected (or treated as effectively connected other than income described in section 884(d)(2)) with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States; but only in an amount which bears the same ratio to such dividends as the gross in

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26 U.S.C. § 162 — Trade or business expenses

**(a) In general** There shall be allowed as a deduction all the ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the taxable year in carrying on any trade or business, including— (1) a reasonable allowance for salaries or other compensation for personal services actually rendered; (2) traveling expenses (including amounts expended for meals and lodging other than amounts which are lavish or extravagant under the circumstances) while away from home in the pursuit of a trade or business; and (3) rentals or other payments required to be made as a condition to the continued use or possession, for purposes of the trade or business, of property to which the taxpayer has not taken or is not taking title or in which he has no equity. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the place of residence of a Member of Congress (including any Delegate and Resident Commissioner) within the State, congressional district, or possession which he represents in Congress shall be considered his home, but amounts expended by such Members within each taxable year for living expenses shall not be deductible for income tax purposes. For purposes of paragraph (2), the taxpayer shall not be treated as being temporarily away from home during any period of employment if such period exceeds 1 year. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any Federal employee during any period for which such employee is certified by the Attorney General (or the designee thereof) as traveling on behalf of the United States in temporary duty status to investigate or prosecute, or provide support services for the investigation or prosecution of, a Federal crime. **(b) Charitable contributions and gifts excepted** No deduction shall be allowed under subsection (a) for any contribution or gift which would be al

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26 U.S.C. § 141 — Private activity bond; qualified bond

**(a) Private activity bond** For purposes of this title, the term “private activity bond” means any bond issued as part of an issue— (1) which meets— (A) the private business use test of paragraph (1) of subsection (b), and (B) the private security or payment test of paragraph (2) of subsection (b), or (2) which meets the private loan financing test of subsection (c). **(b) Private business tests** (1) **Private business use test** — Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an issue meets the test of this paragraph if more than 10 percent of the proceeds of the issue are to be used for any private business use. (2) **Private security or payment test** — Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an issue meets the test of this paragraph if the payment of the principal of, or the interest on, more than 10 percent of the proceeds of such issue is (under the terms of such issue or any underlying arrangement) directly or indirectly— (A) secured by any interest in— (i) property used or to be used for a private business use, or (ii) payments in respect of such property, or (B) to be derived from payments (whether or not to the issuer) in respect of property, or borrowed money, used or to be used for a private business use. (3) **5 percent test for private business use not related or disproportionate to government use financed by the issue** (A) *In general* — An issue shall be treated as meeting the tests of paragraphs (1) and (2) if such tests would be met if such paragraphs were applied— (i) by substituting “5 percent” for “10 percent” each place it appears, and (ii) by taking into account only— (I) the proceeds of the issue which are to be used for any private business use which is not related to any government

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26 U.S.C. § 1 — Tax imposed

**(a) Married individuals filing joint returns and surviving spouses** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of— (1) every married individual (as defined in section 7703) who makes a single return jointly with his spouse under section 6013, and (2) every surviving spouse (as defined in section 2(a)), a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $36,90015% of taxable income. Over $36,900 but not over $89,150$5,535, plus 28% of the excess over $36,900. Over $89,150 but not over $140,000$20,165, plus 31% of the excess over $89,150. Over $140,000 but not over $250,000$35,928.50, plus 36% of the excess over $140,000. Over $250,000$75,528.50, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000. **(b) Heads of households** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every head of a household (as defined in section 2(b)) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $29,60015% of taxable income. Over $29,600 but not over $76,400$4,440, plus 28% of the excess over $29,600. Over $76,400 but not over $127,500$17,544, plus 31% of the excess over $76,400. Over $127,500 but not over $250,000$33,385, plus 36% of the excess over $127,500. Over $250,000$77,485, plus 39.6% of the excess over $250,000. **(c) Unmarried individuals (other than surviving spouses and heads of households)** There is hereby imposed on the taxable income of every individual (other than a surviving spouse as defined in section 2(a) or the head of a household as defined in section 2(b)) who is not a married individual (as defined in section 7703) a tax determined in accordance with the following table: If taxable income is:The tax is: Not over $22,10015% of taxable income. Over $22,100 but not over $53,50

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 48 — Energy credit

**(a) Energy credit** (1) **In general** — For purposes of section 46, except as provided in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3)(B) of subsection (c), the energy credit for any taxable year is the energy percentage of the basis of each energy property placed in service during such taxable year. (2) **Energy percentage** (A) *In general* — Except as provided in paragraphs (6) and (7), the energy percentage is— (i) 6 percent in the case of— (I) qualified fuel cell property, (II) energy property described in clause (i) or (iii) of paragraph (3)(A) but only with respect to property the construction of which begins before January 1, 2025, (III) energy property described in paragraph (3)(A)(ii), (IV) qualified small wind energy property, (V) waste energy recovery property, (VI) energy storage technology, (VII) qualified biogas property, (VIII) microgrid controllers, and (IX) energy property described in clauses (v) and (vii) of paragraph (3)(A), and (ii) in the case of any energy property to which clause (i) does not apply, 0 percent. (B) *Coordination with rehabilitation credit* — The energy percentage shall not apply to that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable to qualified rehabilitation expenditures. (C) *Nonapplication of increases to energy percentage* — For purposes of energy property described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the energy percentage applicable to such property pursuant to such subparagraph shall not be increased or otherwise adjusted by any provision of this section. (3) **Energy property** — For purposes of this subpart, the term “energy property” means any property— (A) which is— (i) equipment which uses solar energy to generate electricity, to he

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

25 U.S.C. § 2703 — Definitions

For purposes of this chapter— (1) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States. (2) The term “Chairman” means the Chairman of the National Indian Gaming Commission. (3) The term “Commission” means the National Indian Gaming Commission established pursuant to [section 2704 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title25-section2704&num=0&edition=prelim). (4) The term “Indian lands” means— (A) all lands within the limits of any Indian reservation; and (B) any lands title to which is either held in trust by the United States for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to restriction by the United States against alienation and over which an Indian tribe exercises governmental power. (5) The term “Indian tribe” means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians which— (A) is recognized as eligible by the Secretary for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians, and (B) is recognized as possessing powers of self-government. (6) The term “class I gaming” means social games solely for prizes of minimal value or traditional forms of Indian gaming engaged in by individuals as a part of, or in connection with, tribal ceremonies or celebrations. (7) (A) The term “class II gaming” means— (i) the game of chance commonly known as bingo (whether or not electronic, computer, or other technologic aids are used in connection therewith)— (I) which is played for prizes, including monetary prizes, with cards bearing numbers or other designations, (II) in which the holder of the card covers such numbers or designations when object

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 21 — Expenses for household and dependent care services necessary for gainful employment

**(a) Allowance of credit** (1) **In general** — In the case of an individual for which there are 1 or more qualifying individuals (as defined in subsection (b)(1)) with respect to such individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the applicable percentage of the employment-related expenses (as defined in subsection (b)(2)) paid by such individual during the taxable year. (2) **Applicable percentage defined** — For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “applicable percentage” means 50 percent— (A) reduced (but not below 35 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 or fraction thereof by which the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $15,000, and (B) further reduced (but not below 20 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 ($4,000 in the case of a joint return) or fraction thereof by which the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $75,000 ($150,000 in the case of a joint return). **(b) Definitions of qualifying individual and employment-related expenses** For purposes of this section— (1) **Qualifying individual** — The term “qualifying individual” means— (A) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152(a)(1)) who has not attained age 13, (B) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152, determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)) who is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer for more than one-half of such taxable year, or (C) the spouse of the taxpayer, if the spouse is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abod

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

26 U.S.C. § 2501 — Imposition of tax

**(a) Taxable transfers** (1) **General rule** — A tax, computed as provided in section 2502, is hereby imposed for each calendar year on the transfer of property by gift during such calendar year by any individual resident or nonresident. (2) **Transfers of intangible property** — Except as provided in paragraph (3), paragraph (1) shall not apply to the transfer of intangible property by a nonresident not a citizen of the United States. (3) **Exception** (A) *Certain individuals* — Paragraph (2) shall not apply in the case of a donor to whom section 877(b) applies for the taxable year which includes the date of the transfer. (B) *Credit for foreign gift taxes* — The tax imposed by this section solely by reason of this paragraph shall be credited with the amount of any gift tax actually paid to any foreign country in respect of any gift which is taxable under this section solely by reason of this paragraph. (4) **Transfers to political organizations** — Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the transfer of money or other property to a political organization (within the meaning of section 527(e)(1)) for the use of such organization. (5) **Transfers of certain stock** (A) *In general* — In the case of a transfer of stock in a foreign corporation described in subparagraph (B) by a donor to whom section 877(b) applies for the taxable year which includes the date of the transfer— (i) section 2511(a) shall be applied without regard to whether such stock is situated within the United States, and (ii) the value of such stock for purposes of this chapter shall be its U.S.-asset value determined under subparagraph (C). (B) *Foreign corporation described* — A foreign corporation is described in this subparagraph with respect to a donor if— (i) the donor

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26 U.S.C. § 401 — Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans

**(a) Requirements for qualification** A trust created or organized in the United States and forming part of a stock bonus, pension, or profit-sharing plan of an employer for the exclusive benefit of his employees or their beneficiaries shall constitute a qualified trust under this section— (1) if contributions are made to the trust by such employer, or employees, or both, or by another employer who is entitled to deduct his contributions under section 404(a)(3)(B) (relating to deduction for contributions to profit-sharing and stock bonus plans), or by a charitable remainder trust pursuant to a qualified gratuitous transfer (as defined in section 664(g)(1)), for the purpose of distributing to such employees or their beneficiaries the corpus and income of the fund accumulated by the trust in accordance with such plan; (2) if under the trust instrument it is impossible, at any time prior to the satisfaction of all liabilities with respect to employees and their beneficiaries under the trust, for any part of the corpus or income to be (within the taxable year or thereafter) used for, or diverted to, purposes other than for the exclusive benefit of his employees or their beneficiaries (but this paragraph shall not be construed, in the case of a multiemployer plan, to prohibit the return of a contribution within 6 months after the plan administrator determines that the contribution was made by a mistake of fact or law (other than a mistake relating to whether the plan is described in section 401(a) or the trust which is part of such plan is exempt from taxation under section 501(a), or the return of any withdrawal liability payment determined to be an overpayment within 6 months of such determination)); (3) if the plan of which such trust is a part satisfies the requireme

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