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26 U.S.C. § 103 — Interest on State and local bonds
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Exclusion** Except as provided in subsection (b), gross income does not include interest on any State or local bond.
**(b) Exceptions** Subsection (a) shall not apply to—
(1) **Private activity bond which is not a qualified bond** — Any private activity bond which is not a qualified bond (within the meaning of section 141).
(2) **Arbitrage bond** — Any arbitrage bond (within the meaning of section 148).
(3) **Bond not in registered form, etc.** — Any bond unless such bond meets the applicable requirements of section 149.
**(c) Definitions** For purposes of this section and part IV—
(1) **State or local bond** — The term “State or local bond” means an obligation of a State or political subdivision thereof.
(2) **State** — The term “State” includes the District of Columbia and any possession of the United States.
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Source location: Title 26, Chapter 1, § 103; chapter-001-normal-taxes-and-surtaxes.md
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**(a) Exclusion** Except as provided in subsection (b), gross income does not include interest on any State or local bond.
**(b) Exceptions** Subsection (a) shall not apply to—
(1) **Private activity bond which is not a qualified bond** — Any private activity bond which is not a qualified bond (within the meaning of section 141).
(2) **Arbitrage bond** — Any arbitrage bond (within the meaning of section 148).
(3) **Bond not in registered form, etc.** — Any bond unless such bond meets the applicable requirements of section 149.
**(c) Definitions** For purposes of this section and part IV—
(1) **State or local bond** — The term “State or local bond” means an obligation of a State or political subdivision thereof.
(2) **State** — The term “State” includes the District of Columbia and any possession of the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of section 38, the amount of the investment credit determined under this section for any taxable year shall be the sum of—
(1) the rehabilitation credit,
(2) the energy credit,
(3) the qualifying advanced coal project credit,
(4) the qualifying gasification project credit,
(5) the qualifying advanced energy project credit,
(6) the advanced manufacturing investment credit, and
(7) the clean electricity investment credit.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 46
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Imposition of tax** In the case of any person who issues a registration-required obligation which is not in registered form, there is hereby imposed on such person on the issuance of such obligation a tax in an amount equal to the product of—
(1) 1 percent of the principal amount of such obligation, multiplied by
(2) the number of calendar years (or portions thereof) during the period beginning on the date of issuance of such obligation and ending on the date of maturity.
**(b) Definitions** For purposes of this section—
(1) **Registration-required obligation**
(A) *In general* — The term “registration-required obligation” has the same meaning as when used in section 163(f), except that such term shall not include any obligation which—
(i) is required to be registered under section 149(a), or
(ii) is described in subparagraph (B).
(B) *Certain obligations not included* — An obligation is described in this subparagraph if—
(i) there are arrangements reasonably designed to ensure that such obligation will be sold (or resold in connection with the original issue) only to a person who is not a United States person,
(ii) interest on such obligation is payable only outside the United States and its possessions, and
(iii) on the face of such obligation there is a statement that any United States person who holds such obligation will be subject to limitations under the United States income tax laws.
(2) **Registered form** — The term “registered form” has the same meaning as when used in section 163(f).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 4701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Authorization; purpose; amount** The Secretary is authorized to make urban development action grants to cities and urban counties which are experiencing severe economic distress to help stimulate economic development activity needed to aid in economic recovery. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $225,000,000 for fiscal year 1988, and $225,000,000 for fiscal year 1989. Any amount appropriated under this subsection shall remain available until expended.
**(b) Eligibility of cities and urban counties; criteria and standards; regulations**
(1) Urban development action grants shall be made only to cities and urban counties which have, in the determination of the Secretary, demonstrated results in providing housing for low- and moderate-income persons and in providing equal opportunity in housing and employment for low- and moderate-income persons and members of minority groups. The Secretary shall issue regulations establishing criteria in accordance with the preceding sentence and setting forth minimum standards for determining the level of economic distress of cities and urban counties for eligibility for such grants. These standards shall take into account factors such as the age of housing; the extent of poverty; the extent of population lag; growth of per capita income; and the extent of unemployment, job lag, or surplus labor. Any city that has a population of less than 50,000 persons and is not the central city of a metropolitan area, and that was eligible for fiscal year 1983 under this paragraph for assistance under this section, shall continue to be eligible for such assistance until the Secretary revises the standards for eligibility for such cities under this paragraph and includes the extent of unemployment, job lag, or lab
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 5318
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Joint returns** A husband and wife may make a single return jointly of income taxes under subtitle A, even though one of the spouses has neither gross income nor deductions, except as provided below:
(1) no joint return shall be made if either the husband or wife at any time during the taxable year is a nonresident alien;
(2) no joint return shall be made if the husband and wife have different taxable years; except that if such taxable years begin on the same day and end on different days because of the death of either or both, then the joint return may be made with respect to the taxable year of each. The above exception shall not apply if the surviving spouse remarries before the close of his taxable year, nor if the taxable year of either spouse is a fractional part of a year under section 443(a)(1);
(3) in the case of death of one spouse or both spouses the joint return with respect to the decedent may be made only by his executor or administrator; except that in the case of the death of one spouse the joint return may be made by the surviving spouse with respect to both himself and the decedent if no return for the taxable year has been made by the decedent, no executor or administrator has been appointed, and no executor or administrator is appointed before the last day prescribed by law for filing the return of the surviving spouse. If an executor or administrator of the decedent is appointed after the making of the joint return by the surviving spouse, the executor or administrator may disaffirm such joint return by making, within 1 year after the last day prescribed by law for filing the return of the surviving spouse, a separate return for the taxable year of the decedent with respect to which the joint return was made, in which case the return made b
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Requirements applicable to regulated investment companies** The provisions of this part (other than subsection (c) of this section) shall not be applicable to a regulated investment company for a taxable year unless—
(1) the deduction for dividends paid during the taxable year (as defined in section 561, but without regard to capital gain dividends) equals or exceeds the sum of—
(A) 90 percent of its investment company taxable income for the taxable year determined without regard to subsection (b)(2)(D); and
(B) 90 percent of the excess of (i) its interest income excludable from gross income under section 103(a) over (ii) its deductions disallowed under sections 265 and 171(a)(2), and
(2) either—
(A) the provisions of this part applied to the investment company for all taxable years ending on or after November 8, 1983, or
(B) as of the close of the taxable year, the investment company has no earnings and profits accumulated in any taxable year to which the provisions of this part (or the corresponding provisions of prior law) did not apply to it.
The Secretary may waive the requirements of paragraph (1) for any taxable year if the regulated investment company establishes to the satisfaction of the Secretary that it was unable to meet such requirements by reason of distributions previously made to meet the requirements of section 4982.
**(b) Method of taxation of companies and shareholders**
(1) **Imposition of tax on regulated investment companies** — There is hereby imposed for each taxable year upon the investment company taxable income of every regulated investment company a tax computed as provided in section 11, as though the investment company taxable income were the taxable income referred to in section 11.
(2) **Investment company taxable
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 852
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General rule** Except as otherwise provided in this section, the depreciation deduction provided by section 167(a) for any tangible property shall be determined by using—
(1) the applicable depreciation method,
(2) the applicable recovery period, and
(3) the applicable convention.
**(b) Applicable depreciation method** For purposes of this section—
(1) **In general** — Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the applicable depreciation method is—
(A) the 200 percent declining balance method,
(B) switching to the straight line method for the 1st taxable year for which using the straight line method with respect to the adjusted basis as of the beginning of such year will yield a larger allowance.
(2) **150 percent declining balance method in certain cases** — Paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting “150 percent” for “200 percent” in the case of—
(A) any 15-year or 20-year property not referred to in paragraph (3),
(B) any property (other than property described in paragraph (3)) which is a qualified smart electric meter or qualified smart electric grid system, or
(C) any property (other than property described in paragraph (3)) with respect to which the taxpayer elects under paragraph (5) to have the provisions of this paragraph apply.
(3) **Property to which straight line method applies** — The applicable depreciation method shall be the straight line method in the case of the following property:
(A) Nonresidential real property.
(B) Residential rental property.
(C) Any railroad grading or tunnel bore.
(D) Property with respect to which the taxpayer elects under paragraph (5) to have the provisions of this paragraph apply.
(E) Property described in subsection (e)(3)(D)(ii).
(F) Water utility property described in
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 168
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Private activity bond** For purposes of this title, the term “private activity bond” means any bond issued as part of an issue—
(1) which meets—
(A) the private business use test of paragraph (1) of subsection (b), and
(B) the private security or payment test of paragraph (2) of subsection (b), or
(2) which meets the private loan financing test of subsection (c).
**(b) Private business tests**
(1) **Private business use test** — Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an issue meets the test of this paragraph if more than 10 percent of the proceeds of the issue are to be used for any private business use.
(2) **Private security or payment test** — Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an issue meets the test of this paragraph if the payment of the principal of, or the interest on, more than 10 percent of the proceeds of such issue is (under the terms of such issue or any underlying arrangement) directly or indirectly—
(A) secured by any interest in—
(i) property used or to be used for a private business use, or
(ii) payments in respect of such property, or
(B) to be derived from payments (whether or not to the issuer) in respect of property, or borrowed money, used or to be used for a private business use.
(3) **5 percent test for private business use not related or disproportionate to government use financed by the issue**
(A) *In general* — An issue shall be treated as meeting the tests of paragraphs (1) and (2) if such tests would be met if such paragraphs were applied—
(i) by substituting “5 percent” for “10 percent” each place it appears, and
(ii) by taking into account only—
(I) the proceeds of the issue which are to be used for any private business use which is not related to any government
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 141
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Institution of higher education** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” means an educational institution in any State that—
(1) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, or persons who meet the requirements of [section 1091(d) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title20-section1091/d&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education;
(3) provides an educational program for which the institution awards a bachelor’s degree or provides not less than a 2-year program that is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, or awards a degree that is acceptable for admission to a graduate or professional degree program, subject to review and approval by the Secretary;
(4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; and
(5) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association, or if not so accredited, is an institution that has been granted preaccreditation status by such an agency or association that has been recognized by the Secretary for the granting of preaccreditation status, and the Secretary has determined that there is satisfactory assurance that the institution will meet the accreditation standards of such an agency or association within a reasonable time.
**(b) Additional institutions included** For purposes of this chapter, other than subchapter IV, the term “institution of higher education” also includes—
(1) any school that provides not less than a 1-year program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a re
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 20 U.S.C. § 1001
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Energy credit**
(1) **In general** — For purposes of section 46, except as provided in paragraphs (1)(B), (2)(B), and (3)(B) of subsection (c), the energy credit for any taxable year is the energy percentage of the basis of each energy property placed in service during such taxable year.
(2) **Energy percentage**
(A) *In general* — Except as provided in paragraphs (6) and (7), the energy percentage is—
(i) 6 percent in the case of—
(I) qualified fuel cell property,
(II) energy property described in clause (i) or (iii) of paragraph (3)(A) but only with respect to property the construction of which begins before January 1, 2025,
(III) energy property described in paragraph (3)(A)(ii),
(IV) qualified small wind energy property,
(V) waste energy recovery property,
(VI) energy storage technology,
(VII) qualified biogas property,
(VIII) microgrid controllers, and
(IX) energy property described in clauses (v) and (vii) of paragraph (3)(A), and
(ii) in the case of any energy property to which clause (i) does not apply, 0 percent.
(B) *Coordination with rehabilitation credit* — The energy percentage shall not apply to that portion of the basis of any property which is attributable to qualified rehabilitation expenditures.
(C) *Nonapplication of increases to energy percentage* — For purposes of energy property described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the energy percentage applicable to such property pursuant to such subparagraph shall not be increased or otherwise adjusted by any provision of this section.
(3) **Energy property** — For purposes of this subpart, the term “energy property” means any property—
(A) which is—
(i) equipment which uses solar energy to generate electricity, to he
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 48
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Allowance of credit**
(1) **In general** — In the case of an individual for which there are 1 or more qualifying individuals (as defined in subsection (b)(1)) with respect to such individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year an amount equal to the applicable percentage of the employment-related expenses (as defined in subsection (b)(2)) paid by such individual during the taxable year.
(2) **Applicable percentage defined** — For purposes of paragraph (1), the term “applicable percentage” means 50 percent—
(A) reduced (but not below 35 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 or fraction thereof by which the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $15,000, and
(B) further reduced (but not below 20 percent) by 1 percentage point for each $2,000 ($4,000 in the case of a joint return) or fraction thereof by which the taxpayer’s adjusted gross income for the taxable year exceeds $75,000 ($150,000 in the case of a joint return).
**(b) Definitions of qualifying individual and employment-related expenses** For purposes of this section—
(1) **Qualifying individual** — The term “qualifying individual” means—
(A) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152(a)(1)) who has not attained age 13,
(B) a dependent of the taxpayer (as defined in section 152, determined without regard to subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (d)(1)(B)) who is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abode as the taxpayer for more than one-half of such taxable year, or
(C) the spouse of the taxpayer, if the spouse is physically or mentally incapable of caring for himself or herself and who has the same principal place of abod
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 21
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