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19 U.S.C. § 1821 — Basic authority for trade agreements

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1821 — Basic authority for trade agreements

**(a) Determination by President; trade agreements; modification or continuance of existing duties** Whenever the president determines that any existing duties or other import restrictions of any foreign country or the United States are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that any of the purposes stated in [section 1801 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim) will be promoted thereby, the President may— (1) after June 30, 1962, and before July 1, 1967, enter into trade agreements with foreign countries or instrumentalities thereof; and (2) proclaim such modification or continuance of any existing duty or other import restriction, such continuance of existing duty-free or excise treatment, or such additional import restrictions, as he determines to be required or appropriate to carry out any such trade agreement. **(b) Restrictions on decrease or increase in rate of duty** Except as otherwise provided in this subchapter, no proclamation pursuant to subsection (a) shall be made— (1) decreasing any rate of duty to a rate below 50 percent of the rate existing on July 1, 1962; or (2) increasing any rate of duty to (or imposing) a rate more than 50 percent above the rate existing on July 1, 1934.

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Source location: Title 19, Chapter 7, § 1821; chapter-007-trade-expansion-program.md

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1801 — Statement of purposes

The purposes of this chapter are, through trade agreements affording mutual trade benefits— (1) to stimulate the economic growth of the United States and maintain and enlarge foreign markets for the products of United States agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce; (2) to strengthen economic relations with foreign countries through the development of open and nondiscriminatory trading in the free world; and (3) to prevent Communist economic penetration.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1823 — Waiver of limitation on decrease in duty and negotiation and staging requirements for dicyandiamide and limestone

For purposes of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 [[19 U.S.C. 1801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], section 201(b)(1) [[19 U.S.C. 1821(b)(1)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1821/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim)] (relating to limit on decrease in duty), sections 221, 223, and 224 [[19 U.S.C. 1841](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1841&num=0&edition=prelim), 1843, 1844] (relating to certain requirements concerning negotiations), and section 253 [[19 U.S.C. 1883](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1883&num=0&edition=prelim)] (relating to staging requirements) of such Act shall not apply with respect to dicyandiamide provided for in item 425.40 of the Tariff Schedules of the United States, and shall not apply with respect to limestone, when imported to be used in the manufacture of cement, provided for in item 513.34 of such Schedules.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1351 — Foreign trade agreements

**(a) Authority of President; modification and decrease of duties; altering import restrictions** (1) For the purpose of expanding foreign markets for the products of the United States (as a means of assisting in establishing and maintaining a better relationship among various branches of American agriculture, industry, mining, and commerce) by regulating the admission of foreign goods into the United States in accordance with the characteristics and needs of various branches of American production so that foreign markets will be made available to those branches of American production which require and are capable of developing such outlets by affording corresponding market opportunities for foreign products in the United States, the President, whenever he finds as a fact that any existing duties or other import restrictions of the United States or any foreign country are unduly burdening and restricting the foreign trade of the United States and that the purpose above declared will be promoted by the means hereinafter specified, is authorized from time to time— (A) To enter into foreign trade agreements with foreign governments or instrumentalities thereof: Provided, That the enactment of the Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1955 shall not be construed to determine or indicate the approval or disapproval by the Congress of the executive agreement known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. (B) To proclaim such modifications of existing duties and other import restrictions, or such additional import restrictions, or such continuance, and for such minimum periods, of existing customs or excise treatment of any article covered by foreign trade agreements, as are required or appropriate to carry out any foreign trade agreement that the President has entere

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 2137 — Termination and withdrawal authority

**(a) Grant of authority for termination or withdrawal at end of period specified in agreement** Every trade agreement entered into under this chapter shall be subject to termination, in whole or in part, or withdrawal, upon due notice, at the end of a period specified in the agreement. Such period shall be not more than 3 years from the date on which the agreement becomes effective. If the agreement is not terminated or withdrawn from at the end of the period so specified, it shall be subject to termination or withdrawal thereafter upon not more than 6 months’ notice. **(b) Authority to terminate proclamations at any time** The President may at any time terminate, in whole or in part, any proclamation made under this chapter. **(c) Increased duties or other import restrictions following withdrawal, suspension, or modification of obligations with respect to trade of foreign countries or instrumentalities** Whenever the United States, acting in pursuance of any of its rights or obligations under any trade agreement entered into pursuant to this chapter, [section 1821 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1821&num=0&edition=prelim), or [section 1351 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1351&num=0&edition=prelim), withdraws, suspends, or modifies any obligation with respect to the trade of any foreign country or instrumentality thereof, the President is authorized to proclaim increased duties or other import restrictions, to the extent, at such times, and for such periods as he deems necessary or appropriate, in order to exercise the rights or fulfill the obligations of the United States. No proclamation shall be made under this subsection increasing any existing du

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 3105 — Actions to be taken if no agreement obtained

**(a) In general** (1) If the President is unable, before the close of the negotiating period, to enter into an agreement under subtitle A with any priority foreign country identified under [section 3103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3103&num=0&edition=prelim) which achieves the general negotiating objectives described in [section 3104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section3104/b&num=0&edition=prelim) as defined by the specific objectives established by the President for that country, the President shall take whatever actions authorized under subsection (b) that are appropriate and most likely to achieve such general negotiating objectives. (2) In taking actions under paragraph (1), the President shall first take those actions which most directly affect trade in telecommunications products and services with the priority foreign country referred to in paragraph (1), unless the President determines that actions against other economic sectors would be more effective in achieving the general negotiating objectives referred to in paragraph (1). **(b) Actions authorized** (1) The President is authorized to take any of the following actions under subsection (a) with respect to any priority foreign country: (A) termination, withdrawal, or suspension of any portion of any trade agreement entered into with such country under— (i) the Trade Act of 1974 [[19 U.S.C. 2101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section2101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.], (ii) [section 1821 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title19-section1821&num=0&edition=prelim), or (iii) [section 1351 of th

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

19 U.S.C. § 1821 — Basic authority for trade agreements

Page 440 TITLE 19—CUSTOMS DUTIES §§ 1802 to 1805 ABOLITION OF OFFICE OF THE SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE FOR TRADE NEGOTIATIONS The legal authority for the establishment and oper- ation of the Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations in the Executive Office of the Presi- dent was changed by section 141 of the Trade Act of 1974, which is set out as section 2171 of this title. For abolition of the Office as established under Ex. Ord. No. 11075 [see below], and for establishment of the Office pursuant instead to the Trade Act of 1974, with provi- sion for the transfer of assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, unexpended balances and funds, and personnel to the Office as established pursuant to stat- ute rather than Ex. Ord. 11075, see section 2171 of this title. Executive Documents PRESIDENT’S EXPORT COUNCIL For provisions relating to establishment of Presi- dent’s Export Council and the Council’s functions con- cerning export expansion, see Ex. Ord. No. 12131, May 4, 1979, 44 F.R. 26841, set out as a note under former sec- tion 4601 of Title 50, War and National Defense. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11075 Ex. Ord. No. 11075, Jan. 15, 1963, 28 F.R. 473, as amend- ed by Ex. Ord. No. 11106, Apr. 18, 1963, 28 F.R. 3911; Ex. Ord. No. 11113, June 15, 1963, 28 F.R. 6183, which related to the administration of the trade agreements program, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11846, Mar. 27, 1975, 40 F.R. 14291, set out under section 2111 of this title. §§ 1802 to 1805. Repealed. Pub. L. 93–618, title VI, § 602(d), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2072 Section 1802, Pub. L. 87–794, title IV, § 401, Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 902, enumerated activities to be performed by heads of agencies in performing functions under Trade Expansion Act of 1962. Section 1803, Pu

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