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15 U.S.C. § 5511 — Findings
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Congress finds the following:
(1) Advances in computer science and technology are vital to the Nation’s prosperity, national and economic security, industrial production, engineering, and scientific advancement.
(2) The United States currently leads the world in the development and use of networking and information technology, including high-performance computing, for national security, industrial productivity, science, and engineering, but that lead is being challenged by foreign competitors.
(3) Further research and development, expanded educational programs, improved computer research networks, and more effective technology transfer from government to industry are necessary for the United States to reap fully the benefits of networking and information technology, including high-performance computing.
(4) A high-capacity, flexible, high-speed national research and education computer network is needed to provide researchers and educators with access to computational and information resources, act as a test bed for further research and development for high-capacity and high-speed computer networks, and provide researchers the necessary vehicle for continued network technology improvement through research.
(5) Several Federal agencies have ongoing networking and information technology, including high-performance computing, programs, but improved long-term interagency coordination, cooperation, and planning would enhance the effectiveness of these programs.
(6) A 1991 report entitled “Grand Challenges: High-Performance Computing and Communications” by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, outlining a research and development strategy for high-performance computing, provides a framework for a multiagency high-performance computing program. Such a program w
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Source location: Title 15, Chapter 81, § 5511; chapter-081-high-performance-computing.md
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The Congress finds the following:
(1) Advances in computer science and technology are vital to the Nation’s prosperity, national and economic security, industrial production, engineering, and scientific advancement.
(2) The United States currently leads the world in the development and use of networking and information technology, including high-performance computing, for national security, industrial productivity, science, and engineering, but that lead is being challenged by foreign competitors.
(3) Further research and development, expanded educational programs, improved computer research networks, and more effective technology transfer from government to industry are necessary for the United States to reap fully the benefits of networking and information technology, including high-performance computing.
(4) A high-capacity, flexible, high-speed national research and education computer network is needed to provide researchers and educators with access to computational and information resources, act as a test bed for further research and development for high-capacity and high-speed computer networks, and provide researchers the necessary vehicle for continued network technology improvement through research.
(5) Several Federal agencies have ongoing networking and information technology, including high-performance computing, programs, but improved long-term interagency coordination, cooperation, and planning would enhance the effectiveness of these programs.
(6) A 1991 report entitled “Grand Challenges: High-Performance Computing and Communications” by the Office of Science and Technology Policy, outlining a research and development strategy for high-performance computing, provides a framework for a multiagency high-performance computing program. Such a program would provide American researchers and educators with the computer and information resources they need, and demonstrate how advanced computers, high-capacity and high-speed networks, and electronic data bases can improve the national information infrastructure for use by all Americans.
(7) Additional research must be undertaken to lay the foundation for the development of new applications that can result in economic growth, improved health care, and improved educational opportunities.
(8) Research in new networking technologies holds the promise of easing the economic burdens of information access disproportionately borne by rural users of the Internet.
(9) Information security is an important part of computing, information, and communications systems and applications, and research into security architectures is a critical aspect of computing, information, and communications research programs.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The Secretary shall—
(1) carry out a coordinated program across the Department of research and development (including development of software and hardware) to advance high-end computing systems; and
(2) develop and deploy high-end computing systems for advanced scientific and engineering applications.
**(b) Program** The program shall—
(1) support both individual investigators and multidisciplinary teams of investigators;
(2) conduct research in multiple architectures;
(3) conduct research on software for high-end computing systems, including research on algorithms, programming environments, tools, languages, and operating systems for high-end computing systems, in collaboration with architecture development efforts;
(4) provide for sustained access by the research community in the United States to high-end computing systems and to Leadership Systems, including provision of technical support for users of such systems;
(5) support technology transfer to the private sector and others in accordance with applicable law; and
(6) ensure that the high-end computing activities of the Department of Energy are coordinated with relevant activities in industry and with other Federal agencies, including the National Science Foundation, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the National Nuclear Security Administration, the National Security Agency, the National Institutes of Health, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Institutes of Standards and Technology, and the Environmental Protection Agency.
**(c) Leadership Systems facilities**
(1) **In general** — As part of the program carried out under this subchapter, the Secretary shall establish and operate 1 or more Le
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 5501
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Health Care Information Enterprise Integration Research Centers**
(1) **In general** — The Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Director of the National Science Foundation and other appropriate Federal agencies, shall establish a program of assistance to institutions of higher education (or consortia thereof which may include nonprofit entities and Federal Government laboratories) to establish multidisciplinary Centers for Health Care Information Enterprise Integration.
(2) **Review; competition** — Grants shall be awarded under this subsection on a merit-reviewed, competitive basis.
(3) **Purpose** — The purposes of the Centers described in paragraph (1) shall be—
(A) to generate innovative approaches to health care information enterprise integration by conducting cutting-edge, multidisciplinary research on the systems challenges to health care delivery; and
(B) the development and use of health information technologies and other complementary fields.
(4) **Research areas** — Research areas may include—
(A) interfaces between human information and communications technology systems;
(B) voice-recognition systems;
(C) software that improves interoperability and connectivity among health information systems;
(D) software dependability in systems critical to health care delivery;
(E) measurement of the impact of information technologies on the quality and productivity of health care;
(F) health information enterprise management;
(G) health information technology security and integrity; and
(H) relevant health information technology to reduce medical errors.
(5) **Applications** — An institution of higher education (or a consortium thereof) seeking funding under this subsection shal
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 17912
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purposes of this chapter are to help ensure the continued leadership of the United States in networking and information technology and its applications by—
(1) supporting Federal research, development, and application of networking and information technology in order to—
(A) expand the number of researchers, educators, and students with training in networking and information technology and access to networking and information technology resources;
(B) promote the further development of an information infrastructure of data bases, services, access mechanisms, and research facilities available for use through the Internet;
(C) stimulate research on and promote more rapid development of high-end computing systems software and applications software;
(D) accelerate the development of high-end computing systems and subsystems;
(E) provide for the application of networking and information technology to Grand Challenges;
(F) invest in basic research and education, and promote the inclusion of networking and information technology into educational institutions at all levels; and
(G) promote greater collaboration among government, Federal laboratories, industry, high-end computing centers, and universities;
(2) improving the interagency planning and coordination of Federal research and development on networking and information technology and maximizing the effectiveness of the Federal Government’s networking and information technology research and development programs;
(3) promoting the more rapid development and wider distribution of networking management and development tools; and
(4) promoting the rapid adoption of open network standards.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 5512
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
As used in this chapter, the term—
(1) “cyber-physical systems” means physical or engineered systems whose networking and information technology functions and physical elements are deeply integrated and are actively connected to the physical world through sensors, actuators, or other means to enable safe and effective, real-time performance in safety-critical and other applications;
(2) “Director” means the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;
(3) “Grand Challenge” means a fundamental problem in science or engineering, with broad economic and scientific impact, whose solution will require the application of networking and information technology resources and multidisciplinary teams of researchers;
(4) “high-end computing” means the most advanced and capable computing systems, including their hardware, storage, networking and software, encompassing both massive computational capability and large-scale data analytics to solve computational problems of national importance that are beyond the capability of small- to medium-scale systems, including computing formerly known as high-performance computing;
(5) “Internet” means the international computer network of both Federal and non-Federal interoperable data networks;
(6) “networking and information technology” means high-end computing, communications, and information technologies, high-capacity and high-speed networks, special purpose and experimental systems, high-end computing systems software and applications software, and the management of large data sets;
(7) “participating agency” means an agency described in [section 5511(a)(3)(C) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section5511/a/3/C&num=0&edition=prelim);
(8) “Program” means the Networking a
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 5513
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** The Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Energy shall jointly establish an Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee (in this section referred to as the “Advisory Committee”).
**(b) Duties** The Advisory Committee shall—
(1) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the coordination of astronomy and astrophysics programs of the Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Energy;
(2) assess, and make recommendations regarding, the status of the activities of the Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Energy as they relate to the recommendations contained in the National Research Council’s 2001 report entitled “Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium”, and the recommendations contained in subsequent National Research Council reports of a similar nature; and
(3) not later than March 15 of each year, transmit a report to the Director, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Secretary of Energy, the Committee on Science of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate on the Advisory Committee’s findings and recommendations under paragraphs (1) and (2).
**(c) Membership** The Advisory Committee shall consist of 13 members, none of whom shall be a Federal employee, including—
(1) 4 members selected by the Director;
(2) 4 members selected by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;
(3) 3 members selected by the Secretary of Energy; and
(4) 2 members selected by the Director of the Office of Science and Techn
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1862n–9
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Fundamental cybersecurity research**
(1) **Federal cybersecurity research and development strategic plan** — The heads of the applicable agencies and departments, working through the National Science and Technology Council and the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program, shall develop and update every 4 years a Federal cybersecurity research and development strategic plan (referred to in this subsection as the “strategic plan”) based on an assessment of cybersecurity risk to guide the overall direction of Federal cybersecurity and information assurance research and development for information technology and networking systems. The heads of the applicable agencies and departments shall build upon existing programs and plans to develop the strategic plan to meet objectives in cybersecurity, such as—
(A) how to design and build complex software-intensive systems that are secure and reliable when first deployed;
(B) how to test and verify that software and hardware, whether developed locally or obtained from a third party, is free of significant known security flaws;
(C) how to test and verify that software and hardware obtained from a third party correctly implements stated functionality, and only that functionality;
(D) how to guarantee the privacy of an individual, including that individual’s identity, information, and lawful transactions when stored in distributed systems or transmitted over networks;
(E) how to build new protocols to enable the Internet to have robust security as one of the key capabilities of the Internet;
(F) how to determine the origin of a message transmitted over the Internet;
(G) how to support privacy in conjunction with improved security;
(H) how to address the problem of insider thr
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 7442
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **In general** — As part of the Program described in title I of the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991 ([15 U.S.C. 5511](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section5511&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Foundation shall support basic research related to advanced information and communications technologies that will contribute to enhancing or facilitating the availability and affordability of advanced communications services for all people of the United States. Areas of research to be supported may include research on—
(A) affordable broadband access, including wireless technologies;
(B) network security and reliability;
(C) communications interoperability;
(D) networking protocols and architectures, including resilience to outages or attacks;
(E) trusted software;
(F) privacy;
(G) nanoelectronics for communications applications;
(H) low-power communications electronics;
(I) implementation of equitable access to national advanced fiber optic research and educational networks in noncontiguous States; and
(J) such other related areas as the Director finds appropriate.
(2) **Centers** — The Director shall award multiyear grants, subject to the availability of appropriations and on a merit-reviewed competitive basis, to institutions of higher education, nonprofit research institutions affiliated with institutions of higher education, or consortia of either type of institution to establish multidisciplinary Centers for Communications Research. The purpose of the Centers shall be to generate innovative approaches to problems in information and communications technology research, including the research areas described in paragraph (1). Institutions of higher education, nonprofit research institutions affi
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 1862o–10
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Computing needs** To gather information about the computational needs of Foundation-funded projects, the Director shall require award proposals submitted to the Foundation, as appropriate, to include estimates of computational resource needs for projects that require use of advanced computing. The Director shall encourage and provide access to tools that facilitate the inclusion of these measures, including those identified in the 2016 National Academies report entitled “Future Directions for NSF Advanced Computing Infrastructure to Support U.S. Science and Engineering in 2017–2020”.
**(b) Reports** The Director shall document and publish every two years a summary of the amount and types of advanced computing capabilities that are needed to fully meet the Foundation’s project needs as identified under subsection (a).
**(c) Roadmap** To set priorities and guide strategic decisions regarding investments in advanced computing capabilities, the Director shall develop, publish, and regularly update a 5-year advanced computing roadmap that—
(1) describes the advanced computing resources and capabilities that would fully meet anticipated project needs, including through investments in the Mid-Scale Research Infrastructure program and the Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction account;
(2) draws on community input, information contained in research proposals, allocation requests, insights from Foundation-funded cyber-infrastructure operators, and Foundation-wide information gathering regarding community needs;
(3) considers computational needs of planned major facilities;
(4) reflects anticipated technology trends;
(5) informs users and potential partners about future facilities and services;
(6) addresses the needs of groups historically underrepres
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 19085
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 2200
TITLE 15—COMMERCE AND TRADE
§ 5511
(4) ‘‘high-end computing’’ means the most
advanced and capable computing systems, in-
cluding their hardware, storage, networking
and software, encompassing both massive
computational capability and large-scale data
analytics to solve computational problems of
national importance that are beyond the capa-
bility of small- to medium-scale systems, in-
cluding computing formerly known as high-
performance computing;
(5) ‘‘Internet’’ means the international com-
puter network of both Federal and non-Fed-
eral interoperable data networks;
(6)
‘‘networking
and
information
tech-
nology’’ means high-end computing, commu-
nications, and information technologies, high-
capacity and high-speed networks, special pur-
pose and experimental systems, high-end com-
puting systems software and applications soft-
ware, and the management of large data sets;
(7) ‘‘participating agency’’ means an agency
described in section 5511(a)(3)(C) of this title;
(8) ‘‘Program’’ means the Networking and
Information Technology Research and Devel-
opment Program described in section 5511 of
this title; and
(9) ‘‘Program Component Areas’’ means the
major subject areas under which related indi-
vidual projects and activities carried out
under the Program are grouped.
(Pub. L. 102–194, § 4, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1595;
Pub. L. 105–305, § 7(b), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2924;
Pub. L. 110–69, title VII, § 7024(a)(2), Aug. 9, 2007,
121 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 114–329, title I, § 105(d), Jan.
6, 2017, 130 Stat. 2977.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2017—Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(d)(2), (3),
added par. (1) and redesignated former par. (1) as (2).
Former par. (2) redesignated (3).
Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–329, § 105(d)(1), (2), (4), red
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 15 U.S.C. § 5511
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