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22 U.S.C. § 1741a — Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741a — Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_9d7f42915d5696916417741a
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-22/section-1741a-special-envoy-for-hostage-affairs--44950cbd8e.md
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 23, § 1741a; chapter-023-protection-of-citizens-abroad.md

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**(a) Establishment** There shall be a Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall report to the Secretary of State. **(b) Rank** The Special Envoy shall have the rank and status of ambassador. **(c) Responsibilities** The Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs shall— (1) lead diplomatic engagement on United States hostage policy; (2) coordinate all diplomatic engagements and strategy in support of hostage recovery efforts, in coordination with the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell and consistent with policy guidance communicated through the Hostage Response Group; (3) in coordination with the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell as appropriate, coordinate diplomatic engagements regarding cases in which a foreign government has detained a United States national and the United States Government regards such detention as unlawful or wrongful; (4) provide senior representation from the Special Envoy’s office to the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell established under [section 1741b of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1741b&num=0&edition=prelim) and the Hostage Response Group established under [section 1741c of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1741c&num=0&edition=prelim); and (5) ensure that families of United States nationals unlawfully or wrongly detained abroad receive updated information about developments in cases and government policy. **(d) Family Engagement Coordinator** There shall be, in the Office of the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, a Family Engagement Coordinator, who shall ensure— (1) for a United States national unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad, that— (A) any interaction by executive branch officials with any family member of such United States national occurs in a coordinated fashion; (B) such family member receives consistent and accurate information from the United States Government; and (C) appropriate coordination with the Family Engagement Coordinator described in [section 1741b(c)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1741b/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim); and (2) for a United States national held hostage abroad, that any engagement with a family member is coordinated with, consistent with, and not duplicative of the efforts of the Family Engagement Coordinator described in [section 1741b(c)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1741b/c/2&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741b — Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell

**(a) Establishment** The President shall establish an interagency Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell. **(b) Participation** The President shall direct the heads of each of the following executive departments, agencies, and offices to make available personnel to participate in the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell: (1) The Department of State. (2) The Department of the Treasury. (3) The Department of Defense. (4) The Department of Justice. (5) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (6) The Federal Bureau of Investigation. (7) The Central Intelligence Agency. (8) Other agencies as the President, from time to time, may designate. **(c) Personnel** The Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell shall include— (1) a Director, who shall be a full-time senior officer or employee of the United States Government; (2) a Family Engagement Coordinator who shall— (A) work to ensure that all interactions by executive branch officials with a hostage’s family occur in a coordinated fashion and that the family receives consistent and accurate information from the United States Government; and (B) if directed, perform the same function as set out in subparagraph (A) with regard to the family of a United States national who is unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad; and (3) other officers and employees as deemed appropriate by the President. **(d) Duties** The Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell shall— (1) coordinate efforts by participating agencies to ensure that all relevant information, expertise, and resources are brought to bear to secure the safe recovery of United States nationals held hostage abroad; (2) if directed, coordinate the United States Government’s response to other hostage-takings occurring abroad in which the United States has a national interest; (3) if direc

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1741b

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741c — Hostage Response Group

**(a) Establishment** The President shall establish a Hostage Response Group, chaired by a designated member of the National Security Council or the Deputies Committee of the National Security Council, to be convened on a regular basis, to further the safe recovery of United States nationals held hostage abroad or unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad, and to be tasked with coordinating the United States Government response to other hostage-takings occurring abroad in which the United States has a national interest. **(b) Membership** The regular members of the Hostage Response Group shall include the Director of the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell, the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell’s Family Engagement Coordinator, the Special Envoy appointed pursuant to [section 1741a of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section1741a&num=0&edition=prelim), and representatives from the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, and other agencies as the President, from time to time, may designate. **(c) Duties** The Hostage Recovery Group shall— (1) identify and recommend hostage recovery options and strategies to the President through the National Security Council; (2) coordinate the development and implementation of United States hostage recovery policies, strategies, and procedures; (3) receive regular updates from the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell and the Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs on the status of United States nationals being held hostage or unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad and measures being taken to effect safe recoveries; (4) coordinate the provision of

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1741c

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741 — Assistance for United States nationals unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad

**(a) Review** The Secretary of State shall review, as expeditiously as possible, the cases of United States nationals detained abroad to determine if there is credible information that they are being detained unlawfully or wrongfully, based on criteria which may include whether— (1) United States officials receive or possess credible information indicating innocence of the detained individual; (2) the individual is being detained solely or substantially because he or she is a United States national; (3) the individual is being detained solely or substantially to influence United States Government policy or to secure economic or political concessions from the United States Government; (4) the detention appears to be because the individual sought to obtain, exercise, defend, or promote freedom of the press, freedom of religion, or the right to peacefully assemble; (5) the individual is being detained in violation of the laws of the detaining country; (6) independent nongovernmental organizations or journalists have raised legitimate questions about the innocence of the detained individual; (7) the United States mission in the country where the individual is being detained has received credible reports that the detention is a pretext for an illegitimate purpose; (8) the individual is detained in a country where the Department of State has determined in its annual human rights reports that the judicial system is not independent or impartial, is susceptible to corruption, or is incapable of rendering just verdicts; (9) the individual is being detained in inhumane conditions; (10) due process of law has been sufficiently impaired so as to render the detention arbitrary; and (11) United States diplomatic engagement is likely necessary to secure the release of the d

Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 22 U.S.C. § 1741

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

22 U.S.C. § 1741a — Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs

Page 449 TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE § 1741b 118–31, div. F, title LXIV, § 6409, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1003; Pub. L. 118–159, div. G, title LXXVII, §§ 7701, 7707, 7708, Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 2553, 2556, 2557.) Editorial Notes AMENDMENTS 2024—Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 118–159, § 7701(1), inserted ‘‘unless the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs determines that circumstances warrant an additional night,’’ after ‘‘lodging,’’. Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 118–159, § 7701(2), substituted ‘‘not later than 14 days after such time that total ex- penditures to carry out paragraphs (2) and (3) in any fiscal year surpass $250,000 for any fiscal year’’ for ‘‘of any amount spent above $250,000 for any fiscal year to carry out paragraphs (2) and (3)’’. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–159, § 7707, added subsec. (e). Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 118–159, § 7708, added subsec. (f). 2023—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–31, § 6409(1), substituted ‘‘Resources for United States nationals unlawfully or wrongfully detained abroad’’ for ‘‘Resource guidance’’ in heading. Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, § 6409(2), substituted ‘‘Resource guidance’’ for ‘‘Establishment’’ in heading, and designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted heading. Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, § 6409(5), substituted ‘‘subparagraph (A)’’ for ‘‘paragraph (1)’’. Pub. L. 118–31, § 6409(4), which directed the redesigna- tion of ‘‘paragraph (2) as subparagraph (B)’’, without specifying the par. to which subpar. (B) was to be redes- ignated, and the realignment of margins, was executed by redesignating par. (2) as subpar. (B) of par. (1), to re- flect the probable intent of Congress, and realigning margins. Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 118–31, § 6409(6), added par. (2).

Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 1741a

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