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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purpose of this chapter is to promote safety in every area of railroad operations and reduce railroad-related accidents and incidents.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20101
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_9a845fcca30176b3890a201d
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-49/section-20101-purpose--14bd37e8f0.md
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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 201, § 20101; chapter-201-general.md
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this part— (1) “Class I railroad”, “Class II railroad”, and “Class III railroad” mean railroad carriers that have annual carrier operating revenues that meet the threshold amount for Class I carriers, Class II carriers, and Class III carriers, respectively, as determined by the Surface Transportation Board under section 1201.1–1 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations. (2) “railroad”— (A) means any form of nonhighway ground transportation that runs on rails or electromagnetic guideways, including— (i) commuter or other short-haul railroad passenger service in a metropolitan or suburban area and commuter railroad service that was operated by the Consolidated Rail Corporation on January 1, 1979; and (ii) high speed ground transportation systems that connect metropolitan areas, without regard to whether those systems use new technologies not associated with traditional railroads; but (B) does not include rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected to the general railroad system of transportation. (3) “railroad carrier” means a person providing railroad transportation, except that, upon petition by a group of commonly controlled railroad carriers that the Secretary determines is operating within the United States as a single, integrated rail system, the Secretary may by order treat the group of railroad carriers as a single railroad carrier for purposes of one or more provisions of part A, subtitle V of this title and implementing regulations and order, subject to any appropriate conditions that the Secretary may impose. (4) “safety-related railroad employee” means— (A) a railroad employee who is subject to chapter 211; (B) another operating railroad employee who is not subject to chapter 211; (C) an employee who maintai
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20102
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings.—** (1) Public convenience and necessity require that Amtrak, to the extent its budget allows, provide modern, cost-efficient, and energy-efficient intercity rail passenger transportation throughout the United States. (2) Rail passenger transportation can help alleviate overcrowding of airways and airports and on highways. (3) A traveler in the United States should have the greatest possible choice of transportation most convenient to the needs of the traveler. (4) A greater degree of cooperation is necessary among Amtrak, other rail carriers, State, regional, and local governments, the private sector, labor organizations, and suppliers of services and equipment in order to meet the intercity passenger rail needs of the United States. (5) Modern and efficient intercity passenger and commuter rail passenger transportation is important to the viability and well-being of major urban and rural areas and to the energy conservation and self-sufficiency goals of the United States. (6) As a rail passenger transportation entity, Amtrak should be available to operate commuter rail passenger transportation through its subsidiary, Amtrak Commuter, under contract with commuter authorities that do not provide the transportation themselves as part of the governmental function of the State. (7) The Northeast Corridor is a valuable resource of the United States used by intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation and freight transportation. (8) Greater coordination between intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation is required. (9) Long-distance routes are valuable resources of the United States that are used by rural and urban communities. **(b) Mission.—** The mission of Amtrak is to provide efficient and effective intercity passenger rail mo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 24101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Northeast Corridor Commission.—** (1) Within 180 days after the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, the Secretary of Transportation shall establish a Northeast Corridor Commission (referred to in this section as the “Commission”) to promote mutual cooperation and planning pertaining to the rail operations, infrastructure investments, and related activities of the Northeast Corridor. The Commission shall be made up of— (A) members representing Amtrak; (B) members representing the Department of Transportation, including the Office of the Secretary, the Federal Railroad Administration, and the Federal Transit Administration; (C) 1 member from each of the States (including the District of Columbia) that constitute the Northeast Corridor as defined in section 24102, designated by, and serving at the pleasure of, the chief executive officer thereof; and (D) non-voting representatives of freight and commuter railroad carriers authorities using the Northeast Corridor selected by the Secretary. (2) The Secretary shall ensure that the membership belonging to any of the groups enumerated under paragraph (1) shall not constitute a majority of the Commission’s memberships. (3) The Commission shall establish a schedule and location for convening meetings, but shall meet no less than four times per fiscal year, and the Commission shall develop rules and procedures to govern the Commission’s proceedings. (4) A vacancy in the Commission shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made. (5) Members shall serve without pay but shall receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5. (6) The members of the Commission shall elect
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 24905
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Deduction allowed** There shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to— (1) in the case of a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2021, the aggregate of the net operating loss carryovers to such year, plus the net operating loss carrybacks to such year, and (2) in the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2020, the sum of— (A) the aggregate amount of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, carried to such taxable year, plus (B) the lesser of— (i) the aggregate amount of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, carried to such taxable year, or (ii) 80 percent of the excess (if any) of— (I) taxable income computed without regard to the deductions under this section and sections 199A and 250, over (II) the amount determined under subparagraph (A). For purposes of this subtitle, the term “net operating loss deduction” means the deduction allowed by this subsection. **(b) Net operating loss carrybacks and carryovers** (1) **Years to which loss may be carried** (A) *General rule* — A net operating loss for any taxable year— (i) shall be a net operating loss carryback to the extent provided in subparagraphs (B), (C)(i), and (D), and (ii) except as provided in subparagraph (C)(ii), shall be a net operating loss carryover— (I) in the case of a net operating loss arising in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2018, to each of the 20 taxable years following the taxable year of the loss, and (II) in the case of a net operating loss arising in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2017, to each taxable year following the taxable year of the loss. (B) *Farming losses* (i) *I
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 172
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** (1) **Plan required.—** — Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Positive Train Control Enforcement and Implementation Act of 2015, each Class I railroad carrier and each entity providing regularly scheduled intercity or commuter rail passenger transportation shall submit to the Secretary of Transportation a revised plan for implementing a positive train control system by December 31, 2018, governing operations on— (A) its main line over which intercity rail passenger transportation or commuter rail passenger transportation, as defined in section 24102, is regularly provided; (B) its main line over which poison- or toxic-by-inhalation hazardous materials, as defined in sections 171.8, 173.115, and 173.132 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations, are transported; and (C) such other tracks as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation or order. (2) **Implementation.—** (A) *Contents of revised plan.—* — A revised plan required under paragraph (1) shall— (i) describe— (I) how the positive train control system will provide for interoperability of the system with the movements of trains of other railroad carriers over its lines; and (II) how, to the extent practical, the positive train control system will be implemented in a manner that addresses areas of greater risk before areas of lesser risk; (ii) comply with the positive train control system implementation plan content requirements under section 236.1011 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations; and (iii) provide— (I) the calendar year or years in which spectrum will be acquired and will be available for use in each area as needed for positive train control system implementation, if such spectrum is not already acquired and availab
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20157
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes Section, Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1163, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 685; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4017(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 110, related to Northeast Corridor cost dispute.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 45 U.S.C. § 1111
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Amtrak Annual Operations Report.—** Not later than February 15 of each year, Amtrak shall submit to Congress a report that— (1) for each route on which Amtrak provided intercity rail passenger transportation during the prior fiscal year, includes information on— (A) ridership; (B) passenger-miles; (C) the short-term avoidable profit or loss for each passenger-mile; (D) the revenue-to-cost ratio; (E) revenues; (F) the United States Government subsidy; (G) the subsidy not provided by the United States Government; (H) on-time performance; and (I) any change made to a route’s or service’s frequency or station stops; (2) provides relevant information about a decision to pay an officer of Amtrak more than the rate for level I of the Executive Schedule under [section 5312 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5312&num=0&edition=prelim); and (3) specifies— (A) significant operational problems Amtrak identifies; and (B) proposals by Amtrak to solve those problems. **(b) Amtrak General and Legislative Annual Report.—** (1) Not later than February 15 of each year, Amtrak shall submit to the President and Congress a complete report of its operations, activities, and accomplishments, including a statement of revenues and expenditures for the prior fiscal year. The report— (A) shall include a discussion and accounting of Amtrak’s success in meeting the goal described in section 24902(a); (B) may include recommendations for legislation, including the amount of financial assistance needed for operations and capital improvements, the method of computing the assistance, and the sources of the assistance; (C) shall incorporate the category described in section 24319(c)(2)(C); (D) shall
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 24315
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter— (1) “Government corporation” means a mixed-ownership Government corporation and a wholly owned Government corporation. (2) “mixed-ownership Government corporation” means— (A) the Central Bank for Cooperatives. (B) the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. (C) the Federal Home Loan Banks. (D) the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks. (E) the Federal Land Banks. (F) the National Credit Union Administration Central Liquidity Facility. (G) the Regional Banks for Cooperatives. (H) the Financing Corporation. (I) the Resolution Trust Corporation. (J) the Resolution Funding Corporation. (3) “wholly owned Government corporation” means— (A) the Commodity Credit Corporation. (B) the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund. (C) the Export-Import Bank of the United States. (D) the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation. (E) Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated. (F) the Corporation for National and Community Service. (G) the Government National Mortgage Association. (H) the United States International Development Finance Corporation. (I) the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation. (J) the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. (K) the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation. (L) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development when carrying out duties and powers related to the Federal Housing Administration Fund. (M) the Tennessee Valley Authority. (N) the Panama Canal Commission. (O) the Millennium Challenge Corporation. (P) the International Clean Energy Foundation.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 31 U.S.C. § 9101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There is established within the Office of the Administrator an Office of the Municipal Ombudsman, to be headed by a Municipal Ombudsman. **(b) General duties** The duties of the Municipal Ombudsman shall include the provision of— (1) technical assistance to municipalities seeking to comply with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [[33 U.S.C. 1251](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section1251&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.]; and (2) information to the Administrator to help the Administrator ensure that agency policies are implemented by all offices of the Environmental Protection Agency, including regional offices. **(c) Actions required** The Municipal Ombudsman shall work with appropriate offices at the headquarters and regional offices of the Environmental Protection Agency to ensure that a municipality seeking assistance is provided information regarding— (1) available Federal financial assistance for which the municipality is eligible; (2) flexibility available under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act; and (3) the opportunity to develop an integrated plan under section 402(s) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act [[33 U.S.C. 1342(s)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section1342/s&num=0&edition=prelim)]. **(d) Information sharing** The Municipal Ombudsman shall publish on the website of the Environmental Protection Agency— (1) general information relating to— (A) the technical assistance referred to in subsection (b)(1); (B) the financial assistance referred to in subsection (c)(1); (C) the flexibility referred to in subsection (c)(2); and (D) any resources developed by the Administrator related to integrated plans under section 402(s) of th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 4370m
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Declaration of Policy.—** (1) **In general.—** — It is the national policy that special effort should be made to preserve the natural beauty of the countryside and public park and recreation lands, wildlife and waterfowl refuges, and historic sites. (2) **Cooperation and consultation.—** (A) *In general.—* — The Secretary shall cooperate and consult with the Secretaries of the Interior, Housing and Urban Development, and Agriculture, and with the States in developing transportation plans and programs that include measures to maintain or enhance the natural beauty of the lands traversed. (B) *Timeline for approvals.—* (i) *In general.—* — The Secretary shall— (I) provide an evaluation under this section to the Secretaries described in subparagraph (A); and (II) provide a period of 30 days for receipt of comments. (ii) *Assumed acceptance.—* — If the Secretary does not receive comments by 15 days after the deadline under clause (i)(II), the Secretary shall assume a lack of objection and proceed with the action. (C) *Effect.—* — Nothing in subparagraph (B) affects— (i) the requirements under— (I) subsections (b) through (f); or (II) the consultation process under [section 306108 of title 54](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title54-section306108&num=0&edition=prelim); or (ii) programmatic section 4(f) evaluations, as described in regulations issued by the Secretary. (3) **Requirement.—** — After the effective date of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968, the Secretary shall not approve any program or project (other than any project for a Federal lands transportation facility) which requires the use of any publicly owned land from a public park, recreation area, or wildlife and wate
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 23 U.S.C. § 138
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