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49 U.S.C. § 24101 — Findings, mission, and goals
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings.—**
(1) Public convenience and necessity require that Amtrak, to the extent its budget allows, provide modern, cost-efficient, and energy-efficient intercity rail passenger transportation throughout the United States.
(2) Rail passenger transportation can help alleviate overcrowding of airways and airports and on highways.
(3) A traveler in the United States should have the greatest possible choice of transportation most convenient to the needs of the traveler.
(4) A greater degree of cooperation is necessary among Amtrak, other rail carriers, State, regional, and local governments, the private sector, labor organizations, and suppliers of services and equipment in order to meet the intercity passenger rail needs of the United States.
(5) Modern and efficient intercity passenger and commuter rail passenger transportation is important to the viability and well-being of major urban and rural areas and to the energy conservation and self-sufficiency goals of the United States.
(6) As a rail passenger transportation entity, Amtrak should be available to operate commuter rail passenger transportation through its subsidiary, Amtrak Commuter, under contract with commuter authorities that do not provide the transportation themselves as part of the governmental function of the State.
(7) The Northeast Corridor is a valuable resource of the United States used by intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation and freight transportation.
(8) Greater coordination between intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation is required.
(9) Long-distance routes are valuable resources of the United States that are used by rural and urban communities.
**(b) Mission.—** The mission of Amtrak is to provide efficient and effective intercity passenger rail mo
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-49/section-24101-findings-mission-and-goals--4eea7a623a.md
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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 241, § 24101; chapter-241-general.md
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**(a) Findings.—**
(1) Public convenience and necessity require that Amtrak, to the extent its budget allows, provide modern, cost-efficient, and energy-efficient intercity rail passenger transportation throughout the United States.
(2) Rail passenger transportation can help alleviate overcrowding of airways and airports and on highways.
(3) A traveler in the United States should have the greatest possible choice of transportation most convenient to the needs of the traveler.
(4) A greater degree of cooperation is necessary among Amtrak, other rail carriers, State, regional, and local governments, the private sector, labor organizations, and suppliers of services and equipment in order to meet the intercity passenger rail needs of the United States.
(5) Modern and efficient intercity passenger and commuter rail passenger transportation is important to the viability and well-being of major urban and rural areas and to the energy conservation and self-sufficiency goals of the United States.
(6) As a rail passenger transportation entity, Amtrak should be available to operate commuter rail passenger transportation through its subsidiary, Amtrak Commuter, under contract with commuter authorities that do not provide the transportation themselves as part of the governmental function of the State.
(7) The Northeast Corridor is a valuable resource of the United States used by intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation and freight transportation.
(8) Greater coordination between intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation is required.
(9) Long-distance routes are valuable resources of the United States that are used by rural and urban communities.
**(b) Mission.—** The mission of Amtrak is to provide efficient and effective intercity passenger rail mobility consisting of high quality service that is trip-time competitive with other intercity travel options and that is consistent with the goals set forth in subsection (c).
**(c) Goals.—** Amtrak shall—
(1) use its best business judgment in acting to maximize the benefits of Federal investments, including—
(A) offering competitive fares;
(B) increasing revenue from the transportation of mail and express;
(C) offering food service that meets the needs of its customers;
(D) improving its contracts with rail carriers over whose tracks Amtrak operates;
(E) controlling or reducing management and operating costs; and
(F) providing economic benefits to the communities it serves;
(2) minimize Government subsidies by encouraging State, regional, and local governments and the private sector, separately or in combination, to share the cost of providing rail passenger transportation, including the cost of operating facilities;
(3) carry out strategies to achieve immediately maximum productivity and efficiency consistent with safe and efficient transportation;
(4) operate Amtrak trains, to the maximum extent feasible, to all station stops within 15 minutes of the time established in public timetables;
(5) develop transportation on rail corridors subsidized by States and private parties;
(6) implement schedules based on a systemwide average speed of at least 60 miles an hour that can be achieved with a degree of reliability and passenger comfort;
(7) encourage rail carriers to assist in improving intercity rail passenger transportation;
(8) improve generally the performance of Amtrak through comprehensive and systematic operational programs and employee incentives;
(9) provide additional or complementary intercity transportation service to ensure mobility in times of national disaster or other instances where other travel options are not adequately available;
(10) carry out policies that ensure equitable access to the Northeast Corridor by intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation;
(11) coordinate the uses of the Northeast Corridor, particularly intercity and commuter rail passenger transportation;
(12) maximize the use of its resources, including the most cost-effective use of employees, facilities, and real property; and
(13) support and maintain established long-distance routes to provide value to the Nation by serving customers throughout the United States and connecting urban and rural communities.
**(d) Increasing Revenues.—** Amtrak is encouraged to make agreements with private sector entities and to undertake initiatives that are consistent with good business judgment and designed to generate additional revenues to advance the goals described in subsection (c).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Deduction allowed** There shall be allowed as a deduction for the taxable year an amount equal to—
(1) in the case of a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2021, the aggregate of the net operating loss carryovers to such year, plus the net operating loss carrybacks to such year, and
(2) in the case of a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2020, the sum of—
(A) the aggregate amount of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2018, carried to such taxable year, plus
(B) the lesser of—
(i) the aggregate amount of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017, carried to such taxable year, or
(ii) 80 percent of the excess (if any) of—
(I) taxable income computed without regard to the deductions under this section and sections 199A and 250, over
(II) the amount determined under subparagraph (A).
For purposes of this subtitle, the term “net operating loss deduction” means the deduction allowed by this subsection.
**(b) Net operating loss carrybacks and carryovers**
(1) **Years to which loss may be carried**
(A) *General rule* — A net operating loss for any taxable year—
(i) shall be a net operating loss carryback to the extent provided in subparagraphs (B), (C)(i), and (D), and
(ii) except as provided in subparagraph (C)(ii), shall be a net operating loss carryover—
(I) in the case of a net operating loss arising in a taxable year beginning before January 1, 2018, to each of the 20 taxable years following the taxable year of the loss, and
(II) in the case of a net operating loss arising in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2017, to each taxable year following the taxable year of the loss.
(B) *Farming losses*
(i) *I
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 26 U.S.C. § 172
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Contracts for Transportation.—** Amtrak may enter into a contract with a State, a regional or local authority, or another person for Amtrak to operate an intercity rail service or route not included in the national rail passenger transportation system upon such terms as the parties thereto may agree.
**(b) Discontinuance.—** Upon termination of a contract entered into under this section, or the cessation of financial support under such a contract by either party, Amtrak may discontinue such service or route, notwithstanding any other provision of law.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 24702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Level II of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by [section 5318 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5318&num=0&edition=prelim):
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5313
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The purpose of this chapter is to promote safety in every area of railroad operations and reduce railroad-related accidents and incidents.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 20101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment.—** The Secretary shall establish and implement a congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program in accordance with this section.
**(b) Eligible Projects.—** Except as provided in subsections (d) and (m)(1)(B)(ii), a State may obligate funds apportioned to it under section 104(b)(4) for the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program only for a transportation project or program if the project or program is for an area in the State that is or was designated as a nonattainment area for ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act ([42 U.S.C. 7407(d)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7407/d&num=0&edition=prelim)) and classified pursuant to section 181(a), 186(a), 188(a), or 188(b) of the Clean Air Act ([42 U.S.C. 7511(a)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7511/a&num=0&edition=prelim), 7512(a), 7513(a), or 7513(b)) or is or was designated as a nonattainment area under such section 107(d) after December 31, 1997, or is required to prepare, and file with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, maintenance plans under the Clean Air Act ([42 U.S.C. 7401](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section7401&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) and—
(1)
(A)
(i) if the Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator determines, on the basis of information published by the Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to section 108(f)(1)(A) of the Clean Air Act (other than clause (xvi)) that the project or program is likely to contribute to—
(I) the attainment of a national ambient air quality standard in the designated nonattainment area; or
(II)
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 23 U.S.C. § 149
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 501, Pub. L. 91–518, title I, § 101, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1328; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 102, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 537; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1171, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 687, related to congressional findings on needs for cost- and energy-efficient intercity rail passenger service. See [section 24101 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section24101&num=0&edition=prelim), Transportation.
Section 501a, Pub. L. 91–518, title I, § 102, as added Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 103(a), Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 537; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1172, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 688, enumerated goals established by Congress for Amtrak. See [section 24101 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section24101&num=0&edition=prelim).
A prior section 102 of Pub. L. 91–518 was renumbered section 103 and classified to [section 502 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title45-section502&num=0&edition=prelim), prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–272, § 7(b).
Section 502, Pub. L. 91–518, title I, § 103, formerly § 102, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1328; Pub. L. 93–146, § 2, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 548; renumbered § 103 and amended Pub. L. 96–73, title I, §§ 103(a), 104, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 537, 538; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, § 1173, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 689; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4012, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 109; Pub. L. 102–533, § 8, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3519, defined terms for purposes of this chapter. See [section 24102 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section24102&num=0&edition=prelim), Transportation.
#### Short Title
Pub. L. 91–518, § 1, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 45 U.S.C. § 501 to 502
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Authority.—** The Secretary shall provide direct loans and loan guarantees to—
(1) State and local governments;
(2) entities implementing interstate compacts consented to by Congress under section 410(a) of the Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act of 1997 ([49 U.S.C. 24101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section24101&num=0&edition=prelim) note);
(3) government sponsored authorities and corporations;
(4) railroads;
(5) entities participating in joint ventures that include at least 1 of the entities described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), or (6);
(6) limited option freight shippers that own or operate a plant or other facility, solely for the purpose of constructing a rail connection between a plant or facility and a railroad; and
(7) private entities with controlling ownership in 1 or more freight railroads other than Class I carriers.
**(b) Eligible Purposes.—**
(1) **In general.—** — Direct loans and loan guarantees authorized under this section shall be used—
(A) to acquire, improve, or rehabilitate intermodal or rail equipment or facilities, including track, components of track, cuts and fills, stations, tunnels, bridges, yards, buildings, and shops, and to finance costs related to those activities, including pre-construction costs;
(B) to develop or establish new intermodal or railroad facilities;
(C) to develop landside port infrastructure for seaports serviced by rail;
(D) to refinance outstanding debt incurred for the purposes described in subparagraph (A) , (B), or (C);
(E) to reimburse planning, permitting, and design expenses relating to activities described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); or
(F) to finance economic development, including commercial and residential development,
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 22402
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General Authority.—**
(1) The Secretary of Transportation may make grants under this section to an applicant to assist in financing the capital costs of facilities, infrastructure, and equipment necessary to provide or improve intercity passenger rail transportation.
(2) Consistent with the requirements of this chapter, the Secretary shall require that a grant under this section be subject to the terms, conditions, requirements, and provisions the Secretary decides are necessary or appropriate for the purposes of this section, including requirements for the disposition of net increases in value of real property resulting from the project assisted under this section and shall prescribe procedures and schedules for the awarding of grants under this title, including application and qualification procedures and a record of decision on applicant eligibility. The Secretary shall issue a final rule establishing such procedures not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008. For the period prior to the earlier of the issuance of such a rule or 2 years after the date of enactment of such Act, the Secretary shall issue interim guidance to applicants covering such procedures, and administer the grant program authorized under this section pursuant to such guidance.
**(b) Project as Part of State Rail Plan.—**
(1) The Secretary may not approve a grant for a project under this section unless the Secretary finds that the project is part of a State rail plan developed under chapter 227 of this title, or under the plan required by section 211 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008, and that the applicant or recipient has or will have the legal, financial, and technical capacity to carry out
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 22902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section:
(1) **Applicant.—** — Notwithstanding section 22901(1), the term “applicant” means—
(A) a State, including the District of Columbia;
(B) a group of States;
(C) an entity implementing an interstate compact;
(D) a public agency or publicly chartered authority established by 1 or more States;
(E) a political subdivision of a State;
(F) a federally recognized Indian Tribe;
(G) Amtrak or another rail carrier that provides intercity rail passenger transportation;
(H) any rail carrier in partnership with at least 1 of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F); and
(I) any combination of the entities described in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
(2) **Operating assistance.—** — The term “operating assistance”, with respect to any route subject to section 209 of the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–432), means any cost allocated, or that may be allocated, to a route pursuant to the cost methodology established under such section or under section 24712.
**(b) Grants Authorized.—** The Secretary of Transportation shall develop and implement a program for issuing operating assistance grants to applicants, on a competitive basis, for the purpose of initiating, restoring, or enhancing intercity rail passenger transportation.
**(c) Application.—** An applicant for a grant under this section shall submit to the Secretary—
(1) a capital and mobilization plan that—
(A) describes any capital investments, service planning actions (such as environmental reviews), and mobilization actions (such as qualification of train crews) required for initiation of intercity rail passenger transportation; and
(B) includes the timeline for undertaking and completing each of the in
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 22908
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Grants Authorized.—** The Secretary of Transportation shall establish a competitive grant program to provide financial assistance to entities implementing interstate rail compacts pursuant to section 410 of the Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act of 1997 ([49 U.S.C. 24101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section24101&num=0&edition=prelim) note) for—
(1) costs of administration;
(2) systems planning, including studying the impacts on freight rail operations and ridership;
(3) promotion of intercity passenger rail operation;
(4) preparation of applications for competitive Federal grant programs; and
(5) operations coordination.
**(b) Maximum Amount.—** The Secretary may not award a grant under this section in an amount exceeding $1,000,000 per year.
**(c) Selection Criteria.—** In selecting a recipient of a grant for an eligible project under this section, the Secretary shall consider—
(1) the amount of funding received (including funding from a rail carrier (as defined in section 24102)) or other participation by State, local, and regional governments and the private sector;
(2) the applicant’s work to foster economic development through rail service, particularly in rural communities;
(3) whether the applicant seeks to restore service over routes formerly operated by Amtrak, including routes described in section 11304(a) of the Passenger Rail Reform and Investment Act of 2015 (title XI of division A of Public Law 114–94);
(4) the applicant’s dedication to providing intercity passenger rail service to regions and communities that are underserved or not served by other intercity public transportation;
(5) whether the applicant is enhancing connectivity and geographic coverage of the existing national network of inter
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 22910
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