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16 U.S.C. § 1537 — International cooperation
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Financial assistance** As a demonstration of the commitment of the United States to the worldwide protection of endangered species and threatened species, the President may, subject to the provisions of [section 1306 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1306&num=0&edition=prelim), use foreign currencies accruing to the United States Government under the Food for Peace Act [[7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] or any other law to provide to any foreign country (with its consent) assistance in the development and management of programs in that country which the Secretary determines to be necessary or useful for the conservation of any endangered species or threatened species listed by the Secretary pursuant to [section 1533 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1533&num=0&edition=prelim). The President shall provide assistance (which includes, but is not limited to, the acquisition, by lease or otherwise, of lands, waters, or interests therein) to foreign countries under this section under such terms and conditions as he deems appropriate. Whenever foreign currencies are available for the provision of assistance under this section, such currencies shall be used in preference to funds appropriated under the authority of [section 1542 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1542&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Encouragement of foreign programs** In order to carry out further the provisions of this chapter, the Secretary, through the Secretary of State, shall encourage—
(1) foreign countries to provide for the conservation of fi
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-16/section-1537-international-cooperation--8b902df119.md
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Source location: Title 16, Chapter 35, § 1537; chapter-035-endangered-species.md
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**(a) Financial assistance** As a demonstration of the commitment of the United States to the worldwide protection of endangered species and threatened species, the President may, subject to the provisions of [section 1306 of title 31](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title31-section1306&num=0&edition=prelim), use foreign currencies accruing to the United States Government under the Food for Peace Act [[7 U.S.C. 1691](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section1691&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.] or any other law to provide to any foreign country (with its consent) assistance in the development and management of programs in that country which the Secretary determines to be necessary or useful for the conservation of any endangered species or threatened species listed by the Secretary pursuant to [section 1533 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1533&num=0&edition=prelim). The President shall provide assistance (which includes, but is not limited to, the acquisition, by lease or otherwise, of lands, waters, or interests therein) to foreign countries under this section under such terms and conditions as he deems appropriate. Whenever foreign currencies are available for the provision of assistance under this section, such currencies shall be used in preference to funds appropriated under the authority of [section 1542 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1542&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Encouragement of foreign programs** In order to carry out further the provisions of this chapter, the Secretary, through the Secretary of State, shall encourage—
(1) foreign countries to provide for the conservation of fish or wildlife and plants including endangered species and threatened species listed pursuant to [section 1533 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1533&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the entering into of bilateral or multilateral agreements with foreign countries to provide for such conservation; and
(3) foreign persons who directly or indirectly take fish or wildlife or plants in foreign countries or on the high seas for importation into the United States for commercial or other purposes to develop and carry out with such assistance as he may provide, conservation practices designed to enhance such fish or wildlife or plants and their habitat.
**(c) Personnel** After consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary may—
(1) assign or otherwise make available any officer or employee of his department for the purpose of cooperating with foreign countries and international organizations in developing personnel resources and programs which promote the conservation of fish or wildlife or plants; and
(2) conduct or provide financial assistance for the educational training of foreign personnel, in this country or abroad, in fish, wildlife, or plant management, research and law enforcement and to render professional assistance abroad in such matters.
**(d) Investigations** After consultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury, as appropriate, the Secretary may conduct or cause to be conducted such law enforcement investigations and research abroad as he deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Notice of negotiations** The Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Treasury shall, in every feasible instance, notify the designated congressional committees not less than 15 days prior to any formal negotiation for debt relief under this subchapter.
**(b) Transmittal of text of agreements** The Secretary of State shall transmit to the designated congressional committees a copy of the text of any agreement with any foreign government which would result in any debt relief under this subchapter no less than 30 days prior to its entry into force, together with a detailed justification of the interest of the United States in the proposed debt relief.
**(c) Annual report** The Secretary of State or the Secretary of the Treasury, as appropriate, shall submit to the designated congressional committees not later than February 1 of each year a consolidated statement of the budgetary implications of all debt relief agreements entered into force under this subchapter during the preceding fiscal year.
**(d) Designated congressional committees** As used in this section, the term “designated congressional committees” means the Committee on Agriculture and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Findings** The Congress finds and declares that—
(1) various species of fish, wildlife, and plants in the United States have been rendered extinct as a consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation;
(2) other species of fish, wildlife, and plants have been so depleted in numbers that they are in danger of or threatened with extinction;
(3) these species of fish, wildlife, and plants are of esthetic, ecological, educational, historical, recreational, and scientific value to the Nation and its people;
(4) the United States has pledged itself as a sovereign state in the international community to conserve to the extent practicable the various species of fish or wildlife and plants facing extinction, pursuant to—
(A) migratory bird treaties with Canada and Mexico;
(B) the Migratory and Endangered Bird Treaty with Japan;
(C) the Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere;
(D) the International Convention for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries;
(E) the International Convention for the High Seas Fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean;
(F) the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora; and
(G) other international agreements; and
(5) encouraging the States and other interested parties, through Federal financial assistance and a system of incentives, to develop and maintain conservation programs which meet national and international standards is a key to meeting the Nation’s international commitments and to better safeguarding, for the benefit of all citizens, the Nation’s heritage in fish, wildlife, and plants.
**(b) Purposes** The purposes of this chapter are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 16 U.S.C. § 1531
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Foreign credits (including currencies) owed to or owned by the United States may be used by any agency for any purpose for which appropriations are made for the agency for the current fiscal year (including the carrying out of Acts requiring or authorizing the use of such credits), but only when reimbursement therefor is made to the Treasury from applicable appropriations of the agency.
**(b) Exception to Reimbursement Requirement.—** Credits described in subsection (a) that are received as exchanged allowances, or as the proceeds of the sale of personal property, may be used in whole or partial payment for the acquisition of similar items, to the extent and in the manner authorized by law, without reimbursement to the Treasury.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Generally**
(1) The Secretary shall by regulation promulgated in accordance with subsection (b) determine whether any species is an endangered species or a threatened species because of any of the following factors:
(A) the present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range;
(B) overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes;
(C) disease or predation;
(D) the inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms; or
(E) other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued existence.
(2) With respect to any species over which program responsibilities have been vested in the Secretary of Commerce pursuant to Reorganization Plan Numbered 4 of 1970—
(A) in any case in which the Secretary of Commerce determines that such species should—
(i) be listed as an endangered species or a threatened species, or
(ii) be changed in status from a threatened species to an endangered species,
he shall so inform the Secretary of the Interior; who shall list such species in accordance with this section;
(B) in any case in which the Secretary of Commerce determines that such species should—
(i) be removed from any list published pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, or
(ii) be changed in status from an endangered species to a threatened species,
he shall recommend such action to the Secretary of the Interior, and the Secretary of the Interior, if he concurs in the recommendation, shall implement such action; and
(C) the Secretary of the Interior may not list or remove from any list any such species, and may not change the status of any such species which are listed, without a prior favorable determination made pursuant to this section by the Secretary of Commer
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Agricultural commodity** — The term “agricultural commodity” has the meaning given the term in [section 5602 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section5602&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher** — The term “geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher” has the meaning given the term in section 10906(a) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 ([7 U.S.C. 2204](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title7-section2204&num=0&edition=prelim) note; Public Law 107–171).
**(b) Authorization** Subject to the availability of funds under subsection (d), the Secretary may provide geographically disadvantaged farmers or ranchers direct reimbursement payments for activities described in subsection (c).
**(c) Transportation**
(1) **In general** — Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the Secretary may provide direct reimbursement payments to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher to transport an agricultural commodity, or inputs used to produce an agricultural commodity, during a fiscal year.
(2) **Proof of eligibility** — To be eligible to receive assistance under paragraph (1), a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher shall demonstrate to the Secretary that transportation of the agricultural commodity or inputs occurred over a distance of more than 30 miles, as determined by the Secretary.
(3) **Amount**
(A) *In general* — Subject to paragraph (2), the amount of direct reimbursement payments made to a geographically disadvantaged farmer or rancher under this section for a fiscal year shall equal the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the amount of costs incurred by the geographically di
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The President of the United States is authorized to designate and empower the head of any department or agency in the executive branch, or any official thereof who is required to be appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to perform without approval, ratification, or other action by the President (1) any function which is vested in the President by law, or (2) any function which such officer is required or authorized by law to perform only with or subject to the approval, ratification, or other action of the President: Provided, That nothing contained herein shall relieve the President of his responsibility in office for the acts of any such head or other official designated by him to perform such functions. Such designation and authorization shall be in writing, shall be published in the Federal Register, shall be subject to such terms, conditions, and limitations as the President may deem advisable, and shall be revocable at any time by the President in whole or in part.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), and (d), there are authorized to be appropriated—
(1) not to exceed $35,000,000 for fiscal year 1988, $36,500,000 for fiscal year 1989, $38,000,000 for fiscal year 1990, $39,500,000 for fiscal year 1991, and $41,500,000 for fiscal year 1992 to enable the Department of the Interior to carry out such functions and responsibilities as it may have been given under this chapter;
(2) not to exceed $5,750,000 for fiscal year 1988, $6,250,000 for each of fiscal years 1989 and 1990, and $6,750,000 for each of fiscal years 1991 and 1992 to enable the Department of Commerce to carry out such functions and responsibilities as it may have been given under this chapter; and
(3) not to exceed $2,200,000 for fiscal year 1988, $2,400,000 for each of fiscal years 1989 and 1990, and $2,600,000 for each of fiscal years 1991 and 1992, to enable the Department of Agriculture to carry out its functions and responsibilities with respect to the enforcement of this chapter and the Convention which pertain to the importation or exportation of plants.
**(b) Exemptions** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to assist him and the Endangered Species Committee in carrying out their functions under sections 11 So in original. Probably should be “section”. 1536(e), (g), and (h) of this title not to exceed $600,000 for each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, and 1992.
**(c) Convention implementation** There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of the Interior for purposes of carrying out [section 1537a(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title16-section1537a/e&num=0&edition=prelim) not to exceed $400,000 for each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, and 1990, and $
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Management Authority and Scientific Authority** The Secretary of the Interior (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) is designated as the Management Authority and the Scientific Authority for purposes of the Convention and the respective functions of each such Authority shall be carried out through the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
**(b) Management Authority functions** The Secretary shall do all things necessary and appropriate to carry out the functions of the Management Authority under the Convention.
**(c) Scientific Authority functions; determinations**
(1) The Secretary shall do all things necessary and appropriate to carry out the functions of the Scientific Authority under the Convention.
(2) The Secretary shall base the determinations and advice given by him under Article IV of the Convention with respect to wildlife upon the best available biological information derived from professionally accepted wildlife management practices; but is not required to make, or require any State to make, estimates of population size in making such determinations or giving such advice.
**(d) Reservations by the United States under Convention** If the United States votes against including any species in Appendix I or II of the Convention and does not enter a reservation pursuant to paragraph (3) of Article XV of the Convention with respect to that species, the Secretary of State, before the 90th day after the last day on which such a reservation could be entered, shall submit to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries of the House of Representatives, and to the Committee on the Environment and Public Works of the Senate, a written report setting forth the reasons why such a reservation was not entered.
**(e) Wildlife preservatio
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 1931
TITLE 16—CONSERVATION
§ 1537
zone as a threatened species for purposes of the Act, ex-
cept that—
‘‘(A) section 7 of the Act [16 U.S.C. 1536] shall only
apply to agency actions that—
‘‘(i) are undertaken within the translocation
zone,
‘‘(ii) are not defense-related agency actions, and
‘‘(iii) are initiated after the date of the enactment
of this section [Nov. 7, 1986]; and
‘‘(B) with respect to defense-related actions within
the translocation zone, members of the experimental
population shall be treated as members of a species
that is proposed to be listed under section 4 of the
Act [16 U.S.C. 1533].
For purposes of this paragraph, the term ‘defense-re-
lated agency action’ means an agency action proposed
to be carried out directly by a military department.
‘‘(2) For purposes of section 7 of the Act [16 U.S.C.
1536], any member of the experimental population shall
be treated while within the management zone as a
member of a species that is proposed to be listed under
section 4 of the Act [16 U.S.C. 1533]. Section 9 of the Act
[16 U.S.C. 1538] applies to members of the experimental
population; except that any incidental taking of such a
member during the course of an otherwise lawful activ-
ity within the management zone, may not be treated as
a violation of the Act or the Marine Mammal Protec-
tion Act of 1972 [16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.].
‘‘(d) IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN.—The Secretary shall
implement the plan developed under subsection (b)—
‘‘(1) after the Secretary provides an opinion under
section 7(b) of the Act [16 U.S.C. 1536(b)] regarding
each prospective action for which consultation was
initiated by a Federal agency or requested by a pro-
spective permit or license applicant before April 1,
1986; or
‘‘(2) if no consultation under
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 16 U.S.C. § 1537
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 956
TITLE 7—AGRICULTURE
§ 1691
Sec.
1738m.
Annual report to Congress.
1738n.
Consultations with Congress.
1738o.
Sale of qualified debt to eligible coun-
tries.
1738p.
Sale, reduction, or cancellation of quali-
fied debt to facilitate certain debt
swaps.
1738q.
Notification to congressional commit-
tees.
1738r.
‘‘Qualified debt’’ defined.
§ 1691. United States policy
It is the policy of the United States to use its
abundant agricultural productivity to promote
the foreign policy of the United States by en-
hancing the food security of the developing
world through the use of agricultural commod-
ities and local currencies accruing under this
chapter to—
(1) combat world hunger and malnutrition
and their causes;
(2) promote broad-based, equitable, and sus-
tainable development, including agricultural
development;
(3) expand international trade;
(4) foster and encourage the development of
private enterprise and democratic participa-
tion in developing countries; and
(5) prevent conflicts.
(July 10, 1954, ch. 469, § 2, 68 Stat. 454; Pub. L.
89–808, § 2(A), Nov. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 1526; Pub. L.
94–161, title II, § 201, Dec. 20, 1975, 89 Stat. 850;
Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, § 1111(a), Dec. 23, 1985, 99
Stat. 1474; Pub. L. 101–624, title XV, § 1512, Nov.
28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3633; Pub. L. 107–171, title III,
§ 3001, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 280; Pub. L. 110–246,
title III, § 3002, June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1821.)
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
2008—Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 110–246 redesignated
pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck
out former par. (4) which read as follows: ‘‘develop and
expand export markets for United States agricultural
commodities;’’.
2002—Par. (6). Pub. L. 107–171 added par. (6).
1990—Pub. L. 10
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 7 U.S.C. § 1691
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