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18 U.S.C. § 1918 — Disloyalty and asserting the right to strike against the Government
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever violates the provision of [section 7311 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section7311&num=0&edition=prelim) that an individual may not accept or hold a position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia if he—
(1) advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
(2) is a member of an organization that he knows advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
(3) participates in a strike, or asserts the right to strike, against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia; or
(4) is a member of an organization of employees of the Government of the United States or of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia that he knows asserts the right to strike against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year and a day, or both.
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_9853da63a8e8d3cc87b1416e
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-18/section-1918-disloyalty-and-asserting-the-right-to-strike-against-the-government--407ea0975a.md
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 93, § 1918; chapter-093-public-officers-and-employees.md
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Whoever violates the provision of [section 7311 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section7311&num=0&edition=prelim) that an individual may not accept or hold a position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia if he—
(1) advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
(2) is a member of an organization that he knows advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
(3) participates in a strike, or asserts the right to strike, against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia; or
(4) is a member of an organization of employees of the Government of the United States or of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia that he knows asserts the right to strike against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year and a day, or both.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, acts June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 684; Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–596, § 8, 98 Stat. 3138, classified offenses as a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
#### Effective Date of Repeal
Repeal of section effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of such repeal, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under [section 3551 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section3551&num=0&edition=prelim).
#### Short Title of 2026 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–73, § 1, Jan. 23, 2026, 139 Stat. 2003, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 28 and 3771A of this title, amending [section 7102 of Title 22](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title22-section7102&num=0&edition=prelim), Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as notes under [section 28 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section28&num=0&edition=prelim) and [section 10110 of Title 34](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title34-section10110&num=0&edition=prelim), Crime Control and Law Enforcement] may be cited as the ‘Trafficking Survivors Relief Act’.”
#### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
Pub. L. 118–78, § 1, July 30, 2024, 138 Stat. 1512, provided that: “This Act [enacting [section 1352 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1352&num=0&edition=prelim) and amending [section 201 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section201&num=0&edition=prelim)] may be cited as the ‘Foreign Extortion Prevention Technical Corrections Act’.”
Pub. L. 118–77, § 1, July
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Whoever knowingly and willfully files any false or fraudulent entry or claim for the payment of drawback, allowance, or refund of duties upon the exportation of merchandise, or knowingly or willfully makes or files any false affidavit, abstract, record, certificate, or other document, with a view to securing the payment to himself or others of any drawback, allowance, or refund of duties, on the exportation of merchandise, greater than that legally due thereon, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both, and such merchandise or the value thereof shall be forfeited.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 550
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
An individual may not accept or hold a position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia if he—
(1) advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
(2) is a member of an organization that he knows advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;
(3) participates in a strike, or asserts the right to strike, against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia; or
(4) is a member of an organization of employees of the Government of the United States or of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia that he knows asserts the right to strike against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 7311
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act June 23, 1947, ch. 120, title III, § 305, 61 Stat. 160, forbade striking by Government employees, required discharge of striking employee and forfeiture of his civil-service status, and made him ineligible for employment for three years. See sections 3333 and 7311 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and [section 1918 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1918&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 188
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section, act July 15, 1949, ch. 338, title VI, § 612, 63 Stat. 444, related to striking or subversive employees of the Housing and Home Finance Agency and the Department of Agriculture, withholding of their wages, and penalties. See sections 3333 and 7311 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, and [section 1918 of Title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section1918&num=0&edition=prelim), Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 466
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 1918
§ 1918. Disloyalty and asserting the right to
strike against the Government
Whoever violates the provision of section 7311
of title 5 that an individual may not accept or
hold a position in the Government of the United
States or the government of the District of Co-
lumbia if he—
(1) advocates the overthrow of our constitu-
tional form of government;
(2) is a member of an organization that he
knows advocates the overthrow of our con-
stitutional form of government;
(3) participates in a strike, or asserts the
right to strike, against the Government of the
United States or the government of the Dis-
trict of Columbia; or
(4) is a member of an organization of em-
ployees of the Government of the United
States or of individuals employed by the gov-
ernment of the District of Columbia that he
knows asserts the right to strike against the
Government of the United States or the gov-
ernment of the District of Columbia;
shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not
more than one year and a day, or both.
(Added Pub. L. 89–554, § 3(d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat.
609; amended Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8),
Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498.)
HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES
Derivation
U.S. Code
Revised Statutes and
Statutes at Large
..................
5 U.S.C. 118r.
Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, § 3, 69
Stat. 625.
[Uncodified.]
June 29, 1956, ch. 479, § 3 (as
applicable to the Act of
Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, § 3, 69
Stat. 625), 70 Stat. 453.
The section is rewritten to conform to the style of
title 18. The statement of the acts prohibited is sup-
plied from the Act of Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, § 1, 69 Stat.
624, which is codified in section 7311 of title 5, United
States Code.
The words ‘‘From and aft
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 1918
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