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49 U.S.C. § 33104 — Designation of high theft vehicle lines and parts
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Designation, Nonapplication, Selection, and Procedures.—**
(1) For purposes of the standard under [section 33102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33102&num=0&edition=prelim), the following are high theft lines:
(A) a passenger motor vehicle line determined under subsection (b) of this section to have had a new passenger motor vehicle theft rate in the 2-year period covering calendar years 1990 and 1991 greater than the median theft rate for all new passenger motor vehicle thefts in that 2-year period.
(B) a passenger motor vehicle line initially introduced into commerce in the United States after December 31, 1989, that is selected under paragraph (3) of this subsection as likely to have a theft rate greater than the median theft rate referred to in clause (A) of this paragraph.
(C) subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a passenger motor vehicle line having (for existing lines) or likely to have (for new lines) a theft rate below the median theft rate referred to in clause (A) of this paragraph, if the major parts in the vehicles are selected under paragraph (3) of this subsection as interchangeable with the majority of the major parts that are subject to the standard and are contained in the motor vehicles of a line described in clause (A) or (B) of this paragraph.
(2) The standard may not apply to any major part of a line described in paragraph (1)(C) of this subsection if all the passenger motor vehicles of lines that are, or are likely to be, below the median theft rate, and that contain parts interchangeable with the major parts of the line involved, account (for existing lines), or the Secretary of Transportation determines they are likely to account (for new lines), for more than 90
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Source location: Title 49, Chapter 331, § 33104; chapter-331-theft-prevention.md
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**(a) Designation, Nonapplication, Selection, and Procedures.—**
(1) For purposes of the standard under [section 33102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33102&num=0&edition=prelim), the following are high theft lines:
(A) a passenger motor vehicle line determined under subsection (b) of this section to have had a new passenger motor vehicle theft rate in the 2-year period covering calendar years 1990 and 1991 greater than the median theft rate for all new passenger motor vehicle thefts in that 2-year period.
(B) a passenger motor vehicle line initially introduced into commerce in the United States after December 31, 1989, that is selected under paragraph (3) of this subsection as likely to have a theft rate greater than the median theft rate referred to in clause (A) of this paragraph.
(C) subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a passenger motor vehicle line having (for existing lines) or likely to have (for new lines) a theft rate below the median theft rate referred to in clause (A) of this paragraph, if the major parts in the vehicles are selected under paragraph (3) of this subsection as interchangeable with the majority of the major parts that are subject to the standard and are contained in the motor vehicles of a line described in clause (A) or (B) of this paragraph.
(2) The standard may not apply to any major part of a line described in paragraph (1)(C) of this subsection if all the passenger motor vehicles of lines that are, or are likely to be, below the median theft rate, and that contain parts interchangeable with the major parts of the line involved, account (for existing lines), or the Secretary of Transportation determines they are likely to account (for new lines), for more than 90 percent of the total annual production of all lines of that manufacturer containing those interchangeable parts.
(3) The lines, and the major parts of the passenger motor vehicles in those lines, that are to be subject to the standard may be selected by agreement between the manufacturer and the Secretary. If the manufacturer and the Secretary disagree on the selection, the Secretary shall select the lines and parts, after notice to the manufacturer and opportunity for written comment, and subject to the confidentiality requirements of this chapter.
(4) To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary shall prescribe reasonable procedures designed to ensure that a selection under paragraph (3) of this subsection is made at least 6 months before the first applicable model year beginning after the selection.
(5) A manufacturer may not be required to comply with the standard under a selection under paragraph (3) of this subsection for a model year beginning earlier than 6 months after the date of the selection.
(6) A passenger motor vehicle line subject on October 25, 1992, to parts marking requirements under sections 602 and 603 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (Public Law 92–513, 86 Stat. 947), as added by section 101(a) of the Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984 (Public Law 98–547, 98 Stat. 2756), continues to be subject to the requirements of this section and [section 33102 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33102&num=0&edition=prelim) unless the line is exempted under [section 33106 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33106&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(b) Determining Theft Rate for Passenger Vehicles.—**
(1) In this subsection, “new passenger motor vehicle thefts”, when used in reference to a calendar year, means thefts in the United States in that year of passenger motor vehicles with the same model-year designation as that calendar year.
(2) Under subsection (a) of this section, the theft rate for passenger motor vehicles of a line shall be determined by a fraction—
(A) the numerator of which is the number of new passenger motor vehicle thefts for that line during the 2-year period referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A) of this section; and
(B) the denominator of which is the sum of the respective production volumes of all passenger motor vehicles of that line (as reported to the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under chapter 329 of this title) that are of model years 1990 and 1991 and are distributed for sale in commerce in the United States.
(3) Under subsection (a) of this section, the median theft rate for all new passenger motor vehicle thefts during that 2-year period is the theft rate midway between the highest and the lowest theft rates determined under paragraph (2) of this subsection. If there is an even number of theft rates determined under paragraph (2), the median theft rate is the arithmetic average of the 2 adjoining theft rates midway between the highest and the lowest of those theft rates.
(4) In consultation with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secretary periodically shall obtain from the most reliable source accurate and timely theft and recovery information and publish the information for review and comment. To the greatest extent possible, the Secretary shall use theft information reported by United States Government, State, and local police. After publication and opportunity for comment, the Secretary shall use the theft information to determine the median theft rate under this subsection. The Secretary and the Director shall take any necessary actions to improve the accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of the information, including ensuring that vehicles represented as stolen are really stolen.
(5) The Secretary periodically (but not more often than once every 2 years) may redetermine and prescribe by regulation the median theft rate under this subsection.
**(c) Providing Information.—** The Secretary by regulation shall require each manufacturer to provide information necessary to select under subsection (a)(3) of this section the high theft lines and the major parts to be subject to the standard.
**(d) Application.—** Except as provided in [section 33106 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33106&num=0&edition=prelim), the Secretary may not make the standard inapplicable to a line that has been subject to the standard.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Definitions.—** In this section—
(1) “anti-theft device” means a device to reduce or deter theft that—
(A) is in addition to the theft-deterrent devices required by motor vehicle safety standard numbered 114 in section 571.114 of title 49, Code of Federal Regulations;
(B) the manufacturer believes will be effective in reducing or deterring theft of motor vehicles; and
(C) does not use a signaling device reserved by State law for use on police, emergency, or official vehicles, or on schoolbuses.
(2) “standard equipment” means equipment already installed in a motor vehicle when it is delivered from the manufacturer and not an accessory or other item that the first purchaser customarily has the option to have installed.
**(b) Granting Exemptions and Limitations.—**
(1) A manufacturer may petition the Secretary of Transportation for an exemption from a requirement of a standard prescribed under section 33102 or 33103 of this title for a line of passenger motor vehicles equipped as standard equipment with an anti-theft device that the Secretary decides is likely to be as effective in reducing and deterring motor vehicle theft as compliance with the standard.
(2) The Secretary may grant an exemption—
(A) for model year 1987, for not more than 2 lines of a manufacturer;
(B) for each of the model years 1988–1996, for not more than 2 additional lines of a manufacturer;
(C) for each of the model years 1997–2000, for not more than one additional line of a manufacturer; and
(D) for each of the model years after model year 2000, for the number of lines that the Attorney General decides under [section 33103(d)(3) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33103/d/3&num=0&edition=prelim).
(3) An additiona
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 33106
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General.—**
(1) The Secretary of Transportation by regulation shall prescribe a vehicle theft prevention standard that conforms to the requirements of this chapter. The standard shall apply to—
(A) covered major parts that manufacturers install in passenger motor vehicles in lines designated under [section 33104 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33104&num=0&edition=prelim) as high theft lines; and
(B) major replacement parts for the major parts described in clause (A) of this paragraph.
(2) The standard may apply only to—
(A) major parts that manufacturers install in passenger motor vehicles having a model year designation later than the calendar year in which the standard takes effect; and
(B) major replacement parts manufactured after the standard takes effect.
**(b) Standard Requirements.—** The standard shall be practicable and provide relevant objective criteria.
**(c) Limitations on Major Part and Replacement Part Standards.—**
(1) For a major part installed by the manufacturer of the motor vehicle, the standard may not require a part to have more than one identification.
(2) For a major replacement part, the standard may not require—
(A) identification of a part not designed as a replacement for a major part required to be identified under the standard; or
(B) the inscribing or affixing of identification except a symbol identifying the manufacturer and a common symbol identifying the part as a major replacement part.
**(d) Records and Reports.—** This chapter does not authorize the Secretary to require a person to keep records or make reports, except as provided in sections 33104(c), 33106(c), 33108(a), and 33112 11 See References in Text note below. of this title.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 33102
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
Section 2021, Pub. L. 92–513, title VI, § 601, as added Pub. L. 98–547, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2755; amended Pub. L. 102–519, title III, § 301, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3393, defined terms for purposes of this subchapter. See [section 33101 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33101&num=0&edition=prelim), Transportation.
Section 2022, Pub. L. 92–513, title VI, § 602, as added Pub. L. 98–547, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2756; amended Pub. L. 102–519, title III, §§ 302, 306(a), Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3394, 3397, related to theft prevention standard. See sections 33102 to 33104 of Title 49.
Section 2023, Pub. L. 92–513, title VI, § 603, as added Pub. L. 98–547, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2757; amended Pub. L. 102–519, title III, § 303, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3395, related to designation of high theft vehicle lines and parts. See [section 33104 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33104&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 2024, Pub. L. 92–513, title VI, § 604, as added Pub. L. 98–547, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2758, prescribed limitation on cost to manufacturer for compliance with [section 2022 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title15-section2022&num=0&edition=prelim). See [section 33105 of Title 49](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33105&num=0&edition=prelim).
Section 2025, Pub. L. 92–513, title VI, § 605, as added Pub. L. 98–547, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2759; amended Pub. L. 102–519, title III, § 304, Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3396, related to exemption from [section 2022 of th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 1901
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter—
(1) “chop shop” means a building, lot, facility, or other structure or premise at which at least one person engages in receiving, concealing, destroying, disassembling, dismantling, reassembling, or storing a passenger motor vehicle or passenger motor vehicle part that has been unlawfully obtained—
(A) to alter, counterfeit, deface, destroy, disguise, falsify, forge, obliterate, or remove the identity of the vehicle or part, including the vehicle identification number or a derivative of that number; and
(B) to distribute, sell, or dispose of the vehicle or part in interstate or foreign commerce.
(2) “covered major part” means a major part selected under [section 33104 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33104&num=0&edition=prelim) for coverage by the vehicle theft prevention standard prescribed under section 33102 or 33103 of this title.
(3) “existing line” means a line introduced into commerce before January 1, 1990.
(4) “first purchaser” means the person making the first purchase other than for resale.
(5) “line” means a name that a manufacturer of motor vehicles applies to a group of motor vehicle models of the same make that have the same body or chassis, or otherwise are similar in construction or design.
(6) “major part” means—
(A) the engine;
(B) the transmission;
(C) each door to the passenger compartment;
(D) the hood;
(E) the grille;
(F) each bumper;
(G) each front fender;
(H) the deck lid, tailgate, or hatchback;
(I) each rear quarter panel;
(J) the trunk floor pan;
(K) the frame or, for a unitized body, the supporting structure serving as the frame; and
(L) any other part of a passenger motor vehicle that the Secretary of Transportation by
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 33101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) General.—** Not later than October 25, 1994, the Secretary of Transportation shall prescribe a vehicle theft standard that conforms to the requirements of this chapter for covered major parts that manufacturers install in passenger motor vehicles (except light duty trucks) in not more than 50 percent of the lines not designated under [section 33104 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33104&num=0&edition=prelim) as high theft lines.
**(b) Extension of Application.—**
(1) Not later than 3 years after the standard is prescribed under subsection (a) of this section and based on the finding of the Attorney General under subsection (c) of this section to apply the standard, the Secretary shall apply that standard to covered major parts and major replacement parts for covered parts that manufacturers install in the lines of passenger motor vehicles (except light duty trucks)—
(A) not designated under [section 33104 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title49-section33104&num=0&edition=prelim) as high theft lines; and
(B) not covered by the standard prescribed under subsection (a) of this section.
(2) The Secretary shall include as part of the regulatory proceeding under this subsection the finding of, and the record developed by, the Attorney General under subsection (c) of this section.
**(c) Initial Review of Effectiveness.—** Before the Secretary begins a regulatory proceeding under subsection (b) of this section, the Attorney General shall make a finding that the Secretary shall apply the standard prescribed under subsection (a) of this section unless the Attorney General finds, based on information collected and analyzed under section 33112 11 See References in T
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 49 U.S.C. § 33103
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 986
TITLE 49—TRANSPORTATION
§ 33104
subsection . . . developed by the Attorney General
under subsection (c) of this section’’ are substituted for
‘‘shall be a part of the Secretary’s rulemaking record’’
for clarity.
In subsection (c), the words ‘‘Before the Secretary be-
gins a regulatory proceeding under subsection (b) of
this section’’ are substituted for ‘‘prior to the Sec-
retary’s initiation and promulgation of a rule’’ for clar-
ity. The words ‘‘applying the standard prescribed in
subsection (a) to the remaining lines of passenger
motor vehicles (except light duty trucks) not covered
by that standard’’ are substituted for ‘‘requiring such
additional parts marking for all of the applicable pas-
senger motor vehicles’’ for clarity and because of the
restatement.
In subsection (d)(1)(A), the words ‘‘whether the appli-
cation of the standard under subsection (a) or (b) of
this subsection, or both’’ are substituted for ‘‘whether
one or both rules promulgated under this subsection’’
for clarity.
In subsection (d)(2)(A)(iii), the words ‘‘civil . . . pen-
alties under section 33115(b) of this title’’ are sub-
stituted for ‘‘civil . . . penalties under section 2027(b) of
this title’’ to correct an erroneous cross-reference.
In subsection (d)(3), the words ‘‘for the model years
after model year 2000’’ are substituted for ‘‘Nothing in
this paragraph affects exemptions granted in model
year 2000 or earlier to any manufacturer’’ to eliminate
unnecessary words. The words ‘‘at one of the following
levels that the Attorney General decides’’ are sub-
stituted for ‘‘as determined by the Attorney General’’
for clarity.
In subsection (e), the text of 15:2022(c)(4) (related to
the standard under 15:2022(c)(1)) is omitted as obsolete
because the standard
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 49 U.S.C. § 33104
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