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28 U.S.C. § 1363 — Jurors’ employment rights
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action brought for the protection of jurors’ employment under [section 1875 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1875&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-28/section-1363-jurors-employment-rights--02af22cc85.md
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Source location: Title 28, Chapter 85, § 1363; chapter-085-district-courts-jurisdiction.md
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The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action brought for the protection of jurors’ employment under [section 1875 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1875&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** No employer shall discharge, threaten to discharge, intimidate, or coerce any permanent employee by reason of such employee’s jury service, or the attendance or scheduled attendance in connection with such service, in any court of the United States.
**(b)** Any employer who violates the provisions of this section—
(1) shall be liable for damages for any loss of wages or other benefits suffered by an employee by reason of such violation;
(2) may be enjoined from further violations of this section and ordered to provide other appropriate relief, including but not limited to the reinstatement of any employee discharged by reason of his jury service; and
(3) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation as to each employee, and may be ordered to perform community service.
**(c)** Any individual who is reinstated to a position of employment in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be considered as having been on furlough or leave of absence during his period of jury service, shall be reinstated to his position of employment without loss of seniority, and shall be entitled to participate in insurance or other benefits offered by the employer pursuant to established rules and practices relating to employees on furlough or leave of absence in effect with the employer at the time such individual entered upon jury service.
**(d)**
(1) An individual claiming that his employer has violated the provisions of this section may make application to the district court for the district in which such employer maintains a place of business and the court shall, upon finding probable merit in such claim, appoint counsel to represent such individual in any action in the district court necessary to the resolution of such claim. Such
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1875
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purposes of this chapter, references to laws of the United States or Acts of Congress do not include laws applicable exclusively to the District of Columbia.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1366
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Grand and petit jurors in district courts appearing pursuant to this chapter shall be paid the fees and allowances provided by this section. The requisite fees and allowances shall be disbursed on the certificate of the clerk of court in accordance with the procedure established by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. Attendance fees for extended service under subsection (b) of this section shall be certified by the clerk only upon the order of a district judge.
**(b)**
(1) A juror shall be paid an attendance fee of $50 per day for actual attendance at the place of trial or hearing. A juror shall also be paid the attendance fee for the time necessarily occupied in going to and returning from such place at the beginning and end of such service or at any time during such service.
(2) A petit juror required to attend more than ten days in hearing one case may be paid, in the discretion of the trial judge, an additional fee, not exceeding $10 more than the attendance fee, for each day in excess of ten days on which he is required to hear such case.
(3) A grand juror required to attend more than forty-five days of actual service may be paid, in the discretion of the district judge in charge of the particular grand jury, an additional fee, not exceeding $10 more than the attendance fee, for each day in excess of forty-five days of actual service.
(4) A grand or petit juror required to attend more than ten days of actual service may be paid, in the discretion of the judge, the appropriate fees at the end of the first ten days and at the end of every ten days of service thereafter.
(5) Certification of additional attendance fees may be ordered by the judge to be made effective commencing on the first day of extended service, witho
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1871
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the policy of the United States that all litigants in Federal courts entitled to trial by jury shall have the right to grand and petit juries selected at random from a fair cross section of the community in the district or division wherein the court convenes. It is further the policy of the United States that all citizens shall have the opportunity to be considered for service on grand and petit juries in the district courts of the United States, and shall have an obligation to serve as jurors when summoned for that purpose.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1861
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each United States district court shall devise and place into operation a written plan for random selection of grand and petit jurors that shall be designed to achieve the objectives of sections 1861 and 1862 of this title, and that shall otherwise comply with the provisions of this title. The plan shall be placed into operation after approval by a reviewing panel consisting of the members of the judicial council of the circuit and either the chief judge of the district whose plan is being reviewed or such other active district judge of that district as the chief judge of the district may designate. The panel shall examine the plan to ascertain that it complies with the provisions of this title. If the reviewing panel finds that the plan does not comply, the panel shall state the particulars in which the plan fails to comply and direct the district court to present within a reasonable time an alternative plan remedying the defect or defects. Separate plans may be adopted for each division or combination of divisions within a judicial district. The district court may modify a plan at any time and it shall modify the plan when so directed by the reviewing panel. The district court shall promptly notify the panel, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, and the Attorney General of the United States, of the initial adoption and future modifications of the plan by filing copies therewith. Modifications of the plan made at the instance of the district court shall become effective after approval by the panel. Each district court shall submit a report on the jury selection process within its jurisdiction to the Administrative Office of the United States Courts in such form and at such times as the Judicial Conference of the United States may specify. The
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1863
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The chief judge of the district court, or such other district court judge as the plan may provide, on his initiative or upon recommendation of the clerk or jury commission, or the clerk under supervision of the court if the court’s jury selection plan so authorizes, shall determine solely on the basis of information provided on the juror qualification form and other competent evidence whether a person is unqualified for, or exempt, or to be excused from jury service. The clerk shall enter such determination in the space provided on the juror qualification form and in any alphabetical list of names drawn from the master jury wheel. If a person did not appear in response to a summons, such fact shall be noted on said list.
**(b)** In making such determination the chief judge of the district court, or such other district court judge as the plan may provide, or the clerk if the court’s jury selection plan so provides, shall deem any person qualified to serve on grand and petit juries in the district court unless he—
(1) is not a citizen of the United States eighteen years old who has resided for a period of one year within the judicial district;
(2) is unable to read, write, and understand the English language with a degree of proficiency sufficient to fill out satisfactorily the juror qualification form;
(3) is unable to speak the English language;
(4) is incapable, by reason of mental or physical infirmity, to render satisfactory jury service; or
(5) has a charge pending against him for the commission of, or has been convicted in a State or Federal court of record of, a crime punishable by imprisonment for more than one year and his civil rights have not been restored.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1865
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The jury commission, or in the absence thereof the clerk, shall maintain a qualified jury wheel and shall place in such wheel names of all persons drawn from the master jury wheel who are determined to be qualified as jurors and not exempt or excused pursuant to the district court plan. From time to time, the jury commission or the clerk shall draw at random from the qualified jury wheel such number of names of persons as may be required for assignment to grand and petit jury panels. The clerk or jury commission shall post a general notice for public review in the clerk’s office and on the court’s website explaining the process by which names are periodically and randomly drawn. The jury commission or the clerk shall prepare a separate list of names of persons assigned to each grand and petit jury panel.
**(b)** When the court orders a grand or petit jury to be drawn, the clerk or jury commission or their duly designated deputies shall issue summonses for the required number of jurors.Each person drawn for jury service may be served personally, or by registered, certified, or first-class mail addressed to such person at his usual residence or business address. If such service is made personally, the summons shall be delivered by the clerk or the jury commission or their duly designated deputies to the marshal who shall make such service. If such service is made by mail, the summons may be served by the marshal or by the clerk, the jury commission or their duly designated deputies, who shall make affidavit of service and shall attach thereto any receipt from the addressee for a registered or certified summons.
**(c)** Except as provided in [section 1865 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section1865&num=0&edition
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1866
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For purposes of this chapter—
**(a)** “clerk” and “clerk of the court” shall mean the clerk of the district court of the United States, any authorized deputy clerk, and any other person authorized by the court to assist the clerk in the performance of functions under this chapter;
**(b)** “chief judge” shall mean the chief judge of any district court of the United States;
**(c)** “voter registration lists” shall mean the official records maintained by State or local election officials of persons registered to vote in either the most recent State or the most recent Federal general election, or, in the case of a State or political subdivision thereof that does not require registration as a prerequisite to voting, other official lists of persons qualified to vote in such election. The term shall also include the list of eligible voters maintained by any Federal examiner pursuant to the Voting Rights Act of 1965 where the names on such list have not been included on the official registration lists or other official lists maintained by the appropriate State or local officials. With respect to the districts of Guam and the Virgin Islands, “voter registration lists” shall mean the official records maintained by territorial election officials of persons registered to vote in the most recent territorial general election;
**(d)** “lists of actual voters” shall mean the official lists of persons actually voting in either the most recent State or the most recent Federal general election;
**(e)** “division” shall mean: (1) one or more statutory divisions of a judicial district; or (2) in statutory divisions that contain more than one place of holding court, or in judicial districts where there are no statutory divisions, such counties, parishes, or similar political subdivision
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 1869
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 381
TITLE 28—JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
§ 1364
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1984—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–353 struck out ‘‘or Terri-
tories’’ after ‘‘Each of the States’’, struck out ‘‘or Ter-
ritory’’ after ‘‘State’’ in 5 places, and substituted
‘‘within the State’’ for ‘‘within the Territory’’ in item
relating to Alaska.
1978—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–598 directed the amend-
ment of subsec. (a) by substituting in the item relating
to Alaska ‘‘within the State’’ for ‘‘within the Terri-
tory’’, which amendment did not become effective pur-
suant to section 402(b) of Pub. L. 95–598, as amended, set
out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of
Title 11, Bankruptcy.
1958—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 85–615 gave Alaska jurisdic-
tion over civil causes of action between Indians or to
which Indians are parties which arise in all Indian
country within the Territory of Alaska.
1954—Subsec. (a). Act Aug. 24, 1954, brought the Me-
nominee Tribe within the provisions of this section.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984,
see section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effec-
tive Date note under section 151 of this title.
AMENDMENT OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS TO REMOVE
LEGAL IMPEDIMENT; EFFECTIVE DATE
Act Aug. 15, 1953, ch. 505, § 6, 67 Stat. 590, provided
that: ‘‘Notwithstanding the provisions of any Enabling
Act for the admission of a State, the consent of the
United States is hereby given to the people of any
State to amend, where necessary, their State constitu-
tion or existing statutes, as the case may be, to remove
any legal impediment to the assumption of civil and
criminal jurisdiction in accordance with the provisions
of this Act [adding this section a
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 28 U.S.C. § 1363
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