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18 U.S.C. § 177 — Injunctions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** The United States may obtain in a civil action an injunction against—
(1) the conduct prohibited under [section 175 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section175&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the preparation, solicitation, attempt, threat, or conspiracy to engage in conduct prohibited under [section 175 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section175&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(3) the development, production, stockpiling, transferring, acquisition, retention, or possession, or the attempted development, production, stockpiling, transferring, acquisition, retention, or possession of any biological agent, toxin, or delivery system of a type or in a quantity that under the circumstances has no apparent justification for prophylactic, protective, or other peaceful purposes.
**(b) Affirmative Defense.—** It is an affirmative defense against an injunction under subsection (a)(3) of this section that—
(1) the conduct sought to be enjoined is for a prophylactic, protective, or other peaceful purpose; and
(2) such biological agent, toxin, or delivery system is of a type and quantity reasonable for that purpose.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 177
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 10, § 177; chapter-010-biological-weapons.md
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**(a) In General.—** The United States may obtain in a civil action an injunction against—
(1) the conduct prohibited under [section 175 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section175&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the preparation, solicitation, attempt, threat, or conspiracy to engage in conduct prohibited under [section 175 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section175&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(3) the development, production, stockpiling, transferring, acquisition, retention, or possession, or the attempted development, production, stockpiling, transferring, acquisition, retention, or possession of any biological agent, toxin, or delivery system of a type or in a quantity that under the circumstances has no apparent justification for prophylactic, protective, or other peaceful purposes.
**(b) Affirmative Defense.—** It is an affirmative defense against an injunction under subsection (a)(3) of this section that—
(1) the conduct sought to be enjoined is for a prophylactic, protective, or other peaceful purpose; and
(2) such biological agent, toxin, or delivery system is of a type and quantity reasonable for that purpose.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In General.—** Whoever knowingly develops, produces, stockpiles, transfers, acquires, retains, or possesses any biological agent, toxin, or delivery system for use as a weapon, or knowingly assists a foreign state or any organization to do so, or attempts, threatens, or conspires to do the same, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for life or any term of years, or both. There is extraterritorial Federal jurisdiction over an offense under this section committed by or against a national of the United States.
**(b) Additional Offense.—** Whoever knowingly possesses any biological agent, toxin, or delivery system of a type or in a quantity that, under the circumstances, is not reasonably justified by a prophylactic, protective, bona fide research, or other peaceful purpose, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. In this subsection, the terms “biological agent” and “toxin” do not encompass any biological agent or toxin that is in its naturally occurring environment, if the biological agent or toxin has not been cultivated, collected, or otherwise extracted from its natural source.
**(c) Definition.—** For purposes of this section, the term “for use as a weapon” includes the development, production, transfer, acquisition, retention, or possession of any biological agent, toxin, or delivery system for other than prophylactic, protective, bona fide research, or other peaceful purposes.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 175
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 50
TITLE 18—CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
§ 176
‘‘(4) The use, or even the threatened use, of
MANPADS, atomic or radiological weapons, or the
variola virus, against the United States, its allies, or
its people, poses a grave risk to the security, foreign
policy, economy, and environment of the United
States. Accordingly, the United States has a compel-
ling national security interest in preventing unlawful
activities that lead to the proliferation or spread of
such items, including their unauthorized production,
construction, acquisition, transfer, possession, im-
port, or export. All of these activities markedly in-
crease the chances that such items will be obtained
by terrorist organizations or rogue states, which
could use them to attack the United States, its allies,
or United States nationals or corporations.
‘‘(5) There is no legitimate reason for a private indi-
vidual or company, absent explicit government au-
thorization, to produce, construct, otherwise acquire,
transfer, receive, possess, import, export, or use
MANPADS, atomic or radiological weapons, or the
variola virus.
‘‘(b) PURPOSE.—The purpose of this subtitle [subtitle
J (§§ 6901–6911) of title VI of Pub. L. 108–458, see Short
Title of 2004 Amendment note set out under section 1 of
this title] is to combat the potential use of weapons
that have the ability to cause widespread harm to
United States persons and the United States economy
(and that have no legitimate private use) and to threat-
en or harm the national security or foreign relations of
the United States.’’
§ 176. Seizure, forfeiture, and destruction
(a) IN GENERAL.—(1) Except as provided in
paragraph (2), the Attorney General may request
the issuance, in the same manner as provided for
a search warrant, of a
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 18 U.S.C. § 177
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