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42 U.S.C. § 2000ff–1 — Employer practices
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Discrimination based on genetic information** It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer—
(1) to fail or refuse to hire, or to discharge, any employee, or otherwise to discriminate against any employee with respect to the compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment of the employee, because of genetic information with respect to the employee; or
(2) to limit, segregate, or classify the employees of the employer in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive any employee of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect the status of the employee as an employee, because of genetic information with respect to the employee.
**(b) Acquisition of genetic information** It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to request, require, or purchase genetic information with respect to an employee or a family member of the employee except—
(1) where an employer inadvertently requests or requires family medical history of the employee or family member of the employee;
(2) where—
(A) health or genetic services are offered by the employer, including such services offered as part of a wellness program;
(B) the employee provides prior, knowing, voluntary, and written authorization;
(C) only the employee (or family member if the family member is receiving genetic services) and the licensed health care professional or board certified genetic counselor involved in providing such services receive individually identifiable information concerning the results of such services; and
(D) any individually identifiable genetic information provided under subparagraph (C) in connection with the services provided under subparagraph (A) is only available for purposes of such services and shall not be disclosed to the empl
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Source location: Title 42, Chapter 21F, § 2000ff–1; chapter-21f-prohibiting-employment-discrimination-on-the-basis-of-genetic-information.md
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**(a) Discrimination based on genetic information** It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer—
(1) to fail or refuse to hire, or to discharge, any employee, or otherwise to discriminate against any employee with respect to the compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment of the employee, because of genetic information with respect to the employee; or
(2) to limit, segregate, or classify the employees of the employer in any way that would deprive or tend to deprive any employee of employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect the status of the employee as an employee, because of genetic information with respect to the employee.
**(b) Acquisition of genetic information** It shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to request, require, or purchase genetic information with respect to an employee or a family member of the employee except—
(1) where an employer inadvertently requests or requires family medical history of the employee or family member of the employee;
(2) where—
(A) health or genetic services are offered by the employer, including such services offered as part of a wellness program;
(B) the employee provides prior, knowing, voluntary, and written authorization;
(C) only the employee (or family member if the family member is receiving genetic services) and the licensed health care professional or board certified genetic counselor involved in providing such services receive individually identifiable information concerning the results of such services; and
(D) any individually identifiable genetic information provided under subparagraph (C) in connection with the services provided under subparagraph (A) is only available for purposes of such services and shall not be disclosed to the employer except in aggregate terms that do not disclose the identity of specific employees;
(3) where an employer requests or requires family medical history from the employee to comply with the certification provisions of [section 2613 of title 29](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section2613&num=0&edition=prelim) or such requirements under State family and medical leave laws;
(4) where an employer purchases documents that are commercially and publicly available (including newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and books, but not including medical databases or court records) that include family medical history;
(5) where the information involved is to be used for genetic monitoring of the biological effects of toxic substances in the workplace, but only if—
(A) the employer provides written notice of the genetic monitoring to the employee;
(B)
(i) the employee provides prior, knowing, voluntary, and written authorization; or
(ii) the genetic monitoring is required by Federal or State law;
(C) the employee is informed of individual monitoring results;
(D) the monitoring is in compliance with—
(i) any Federal genetic monitoring regulations, including any such regulations that may be promulgated by the Secretary of Labor pursuant to the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 ([29 U.S.C. 651](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 ([30 U.S.C. 801](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title30-section801&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), or the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 ([42 U.S.C. 2011](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2011&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); or
(ii) State genetic monitoring regulations, in the case of a State that is implementing genetic monitoring regulations under the authority of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 ([29 U.S.C. 651](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section651&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.); and
(E) the employer, excluding any licensed health care professional or board certified genetic counselor that is involved in the genetic monitoring program, receives the results of the monitoring only in aggregate terms that do not disclose the identity of specific employees; or
(6) where the employer conducts DNA analysis for law enforcement purposes as a forensic laboratory or for purposes of human remains identification, and requests or requires genetic information of such employer’s employees, but only to the extent that such genetic information is used for analysis of DNA identification markers for quality control to detect sample contamination.
**(c) Preservation of protections** In the case of information to which any of paragraphs (1) through (6) of subsection (b) applies, such information may not be used in violation of paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) or treated or disclosed in a manner that violates [section 2000ff–5 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000ff-5&num=0&edition=prelim).
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) **Entitlement to leave** — Subject to [section 2613 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section2613&num=0&edition=prelim) and subsection (d)(3), an eligible employee shall be entitled to a total of 12 workweeks of leave during any 12-month period for one or more of the following:
(A) Because of the birth of a son or daughter of the employee and in order to care for such son or daughter.
(B) Because of the placement of a son or daughter with the employee for adoption or foster care.
(C) In order to care for the spouse, or a son, daughter, or parent, of the employee, if such spouse, son, daughter, or parent has a serious health condition.
(D) Because of a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the functions of the position of such employee.
(E) Because of any qualifying exigency (as the Secretary shall, by regulation, determine) arising out of the fact that the spouse, or a son, daughter, or parent of the employee is on covered active duty (or has been notified of an impending call or order to covered active duty) in the Armed Forces.
(F) During the period beginning on the date the Emergency Family and Medical Leave Expansion Act takes effect, and ending on December 31, 2020, because of a qualifying need related to a public health emergency in accordance with [section 2620 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section2620&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Expiration of entitlement** — The entitlement to leave under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) for a birth or placement of a son or daughter shall expire at the end of the 12-month period beginning on the date of such birth or placement.
(3) **Servicemem
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 2613
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
In this chapter:
(1) **Commission** — The term “Commission” means the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission as created by [section 2000e–4 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000e-4&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) **Employee; employer; employment agency; labor organization; member**
(A) *In general* — The term “employee” means—
(i) an employee (including an applicant), as defined in [section 2000e(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000e/f&num=0&edition=prelim);
(ii) a State employee (including an applicant) described in [section 2000e–16c(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000e–16c/a&num=0&edition=prelim);
(iii) a covered employee (including an applicant), as defined in [section 1301 of title 2](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section1301&num=0&edition=prelim);
(iv) a covered employee (including an applicant), as defined in [section 411(c) of title 3](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title3-section411/c&num=0&edition=prelim); or
(v) an employee or applicant to which [section 2000e–16(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000e–16/a&num=0&edition=prelim) applies.
(B) *Employer* — The term “employer” means—
(i) an employer (as defined in [section 2000e(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2000e/b&num=0&edition=prelim));
(ii) an entity employing a State employee described in [section 2000e–16c(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section2
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2000ff
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Atomic energy is capable of application for peaceful as well as military purposes. It is therefore declared to be the policy of the United States that—
**(a)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to make the maximum contribution to the general welfare, subject at all times to the paramount objective of making the maximum contribution to the common defense and security; and
**(b)** the development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to promote world peace, improve the general welfare, increase the standard of living, and strengthen free competition in private enterprise.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 42 U.S.C. § 2011
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Establishment** There is established a Technical Study Panel (referred to in this section as the “Panel”) which shall provide independent scientific and engineering review and recommendations with respect to the utilization of belt air and the composition and fire retardant properties of belt materials in underground coal mining.
**(b) Membership** The Panel shall be composed of—
(1) two individuals to be appointed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the Associate Director of the Office of Mine Safety;
(2) two individuals to be appointed by the Secretary of Labor, in consultation with the Assistant Secretary for Mine Safety and Health; and
(3) two individuals, one to be appointed jointly by the majority leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives and one to be appointed jointly by the minority leader of the Senate and House of Representatives, each to be appointed prior to the sine die adjournment of the second session of the 109th Congress.
**(c) Qualifications** Four of the six individuals appointed to the Panel under subsection (b) shall possess a masters or doctoral level degree in mining engineering or another scientific field demonstrably related to the subject of the report. No individual appointed to the Panel shall be an employee of any coal or other mine, or of any labor organization, or of any State or Federal agency primarily responsible for regulating the mining industry.
**(d) Report**
(1) **In general** — Not later than 1 year after the date on which all members of the Panel are appointed under subsection (b), the Panel shall prepare and submit to the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Committee
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 30 U.S.C. § 801
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The Congress finds that personal injuries and illnesses arising out of work situations impose a substantial burden upon, and are a hindrance to, interstate commerce in terms of lost production, wage loss, medical expenses, and disability compensation payments.
**(b)** The Congress declares it to be its purpose and policy, through the exercise of its powers to regulate commerce among the several States and with foreign nations and to provide for the general welfare, to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources—
(1) by encouraging employers and employees in their efforts to reduce the number of occupational safety and health hazards at their places of employment, and to stimulate employers and employees to institute new and to perfect existing programs for providing safe and healthful working conditions;
(2) by providing that employers and employees have separate but dependent responsibilities and rights with respect to achieving safe and healthful working conditions;
(3) by authorizing the Secretary of Labor to set mandatory occupational safety and health standards applicable to businesses affecting interstate commerce, and by creating an Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission for carrying out adjudicatory functions under this chapter;
(4) by building upon advances already made through employer and employee initiative for providing safe and healthful working conditions;
(5) by providing for research in the field of occupational safety and health, including the psychological factors involved, and by developing innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health problems;
(6) by exploring ways to discover la
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 651
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 164
TITLE 29—LABOR
§ 651
Editorial Notes
AMENDMENTS
1978—Pub. L. 95–256 struck out ‘‘, not in excess of
$5,000,000 for any fiscal year,’’ after ‘‘sums’’.
1974—Pub. L. 93–259, § 28(a)(5), increased appropria-
tions authorization to $5,000,000 from $3,000,000.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT
Amendment by Pub. L. 93–259 effective May 1, 1974,
see section 29(a) of Pub. L. 93–259, set out as a note
under section 202 of this title.
Executive Documents
TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS
Functions relating to age discrimination administra-
tion and enforcement vested by this section in Sec-
retary of Labor or Civil Service Commission trans-
ferred to Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, § 2, 43 F.R. 19807, 92 Stat.
3781, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Or-
ganization and Employees, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as pro-
vided by section 1–101 of Ex. Ord. No. 12106, Dec. 28, 1978,
44 F.R. 1053.
CHAPTER 15—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
Sec.
651.
Congressional statement of findings and dec-
laration of purpose and policy.
652.
Definitions.
653.
Geographic applicability; judicial enforce-
ment; applicability to existing standards;
report to Congress on duplication and co-
ordination of Federal laws; workmen’s com-
pensation law or common law or statutory
rights, duties, or liabilities of employers
and employees unaffected.
654.
Duties of employers and employees.
655.
Standards.
656.
Administration.
657.
Inspections,
investigations,
and
record-
keeping.
658.
Citations.
659.
Enforcement procedures.
660.
Judicial review.
661.
Occupational Safety and Health Review Com-
mission.
662.
Injunction proceedings.
663.
Representation in civil litigation.
664.
Disclosure
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 29 U.S.C. § 651
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 126
TITLE 30—MINERAL LANDS AND MINING
§ 801
Sec.
824.
Authorization of appropriations.
825.
Mandatory health and safety training.
826.
Limitation on certain liability for rescue op-
erations.
SUBCHAPTER II—INTERIM MANDATORY HEALTH
STANDARDS
841.
Mandatory health standards for underground
mines; enforcement; review; purpose.
842.
Dust concentration and respiratory equip-
ment.
843.
Medical examinations.
844.
Rock dust and gas hazards; controls.
845.
Dust standards in presence of quartz.
846.
Noise standards; promulgation of new stand-
ards; tests; procedures; protective devices.
SUBCHAPTER III—INTERIM MANDATORY SAFETY
STANDARDS FOR UNDERGROUND COAL MINES
861.
Mandatory safety standards for underground
mines.
862.
Roof support.
863.
Ventilation.
864.
Combustible materials and rock dusting.
865.
Electrical equipment.
866.
Trailing cables.
867.
Grounding of equipment.
868.
Underground high-voltage distribution.
869.
Underground low- and medium-voltage alter-
nating current circuits.
870.
Trolley wires and trolley feeder wires.
871.
Fire protection.
872.
Maps.
873.
Blasting and explosives.
874.
Hoisting and mantrips.
875.
Emergency shelters; construction; contents;
implementation plans.
876.
Communication
facilities;
locations
and
emergency response plans.
877.
General safety provisions.
878.
Definitions.
SUBCHAPTER IV—BLACK LUNG BENEFITS
PART A—GENERAL PROVISIONS
901.
Congressional findings and declaration of pur-
pose; short title.
902.
Definitions.
903.
Field offices.
904.
Repealed.
PART B—CLAIMS FOR BENEFITS FILED ON OR BEFORE
DECEMBER 31, 1973
921.
Regulations and presumptions.
922.
Payment of benefits.
923.
Filing of notice of claim.
924.
Time for filing claims.
924a.
Repealed.
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 30 U.S.C. § 801
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. The source passage cites 30 U.S.C. § 801. This identifies an authority to review, not proof of applicability.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 5360
TITLE 42—THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
§ 2011
Sec.
2297f–2.
Regulation of Restricted Data.
SUBCHAPTER VII—DECONTAMINATION AND
DECOMMISSIONING
2297g.
Uranium Enrichment Decontamination
and Decommissioning Fund.
2297g–1.
Deposits.
2297g–2.
Department facilities.
2297g–3.
Employee provisions.
2297g–4.
Reports to Congress.
SUBCHAPTER VIII—UNITED STATES ENRICHMENT
CORPORATION PRIVATIZATION
2297h.
Definitions.
2297h–1.
Sale of Corporation.
2297h–2.
Method of sale.
2297h–3.
Establishment of private corporation.
2297h–4.
Transfers to private corporation.
2297h–5.
Leasing of gaseous diffusion facilities.
2297h–6.
Transfer of contracts.
2297h–7.
Liabilities.
2297h–8.
Employee protections.
2297h–9.
Ownership limitations.
2297h–10.
Uranium transfers and sales.
2297h–10a.
Incentives for additional downblending
of highly enriched uranium by the Rus-
sian Federation.
2297h–10b.
Secretarial
determinations;
congres-
sional notification.
2297h–11.
Low-level waste.
2297h–12.
AVLIS.
2297h–13.
Application of certain laws.
Editorial Notes
CODIFICATION
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, which is classified
principally to this chapter, is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724.
It was originally enacted as the Atomic Energy Act of
1946, act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, 60 Stat. 755, which con-
sisted of sections 1 to 21 and was classified generally to
chapter 14 (§ 1801 et seq.) of this title. The Atomic En-
ergy Act of 1946 was renamed the Atomic Energy Act of
1954 and amended generally by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch.
1073, § 1, 68 Stat. 919, and was subsequently transferred
to this chapter. Sections that were enacted as part of
the 1954 general amendment are shown herein as having
been added to act Aug. 1, 1946, and not as amending it,
due to the
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 42 U.S.C. § 2011
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