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5 U.S.C. § 13105 — Filing of reports

Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 13105 — Filing of reports

**(a) Reports Filed With Designated Agency Ethics Official.—** Except as otherwise provided in this section, the reports required under this subchapter shall be filed by the reporting individual with the designated agency ethics official at the agency by which the reporting individual is employed (or in the case of an individual described in [section 13103(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/e&num=0&edition=prelim), was employed) or in which the individual will serve. The date any report is received (and the date of receipt of any supplemental report) shall be noted on such report by the designated agency ethics official. **(b) Reports Filed With Director of Office of Government Ethics.—** The President, the Vice President, and independent counsel and persons appointed by independent counsel under chapter 40 of title 28, shall file reports required under this subchapter with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. **(c) Copies of Reports Transmitted to the Office of Government Ethics.—** Copies of the reports required to be filed under this subchapter by the Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster General, the Governors of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service, designated agency ethics officials, employees described in section 105(a)(2)(A) or (B), 106(a)(1)(A) or (B), or 107(a)(1)(A) or (b)(1)(A)(i) of title 3, candidates for the office of President or Vice President and officers and employees in (and nominees to) offices or positions which require confirmation by the Senate or by both Houses of Congress other than individuals nominated to be judicial officers and those referred to in subsection (f) shall be transmitted to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. The

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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_6abb7f51ed248cf01f392b9d
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-5/section-13105-filing-of-reports--11cb0146b3.md
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Source location: Title 5, Chapter 131, § 13105; chapter-131-ethics-in-government.md

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**(a) Reports Filed With Designated Agency Ethics Official.—** Except as otherwise provided in this section, the reports required under this subchapter shall be filed by the reporting individual with the designated agency ethics official at the agency by which the reporting individual is employed (or in the case of an individual described in [section 13103(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/e&num=0&edition=prelim), was employed) or in which the individual will serve. The date any report is received (and the date of receipt of any supplemental report) shall be noted on such report by the designated agency ethics official. **(b) Reports Filed With Director of Office of Government Ethics.—** The President, the Vice President, and independent counsel and persons appointed by independent counsel under chapter 40 of title 28, shall file reports required under this subchapter with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. **(c) Copies of Reports Transmitted to the Office of Government Ethics.—** Copies of the reports required to be filed under this subchapter by the Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster General, the Governors of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service, designated agency ethics officials, employees described in section 105(a)(2)(A) or (B), 106(a)(1)(A) or (B), or 107(a)(1)(A) or (b)(1)(A)(i) of title 3, candidates for the office of President or Vice President and officers and employees in (and nominees to) offices or positions which require confirmation by the Senate or by both Houses of Congress other than individuals nominated to be judicial officers and those referred to in subsection (f) shall be transmitted to the Director of the Office of Government Ethics. The Director shall forward a copy of the report of each nominee to the congressional committee considering the nomination. **(d) Availability to Public.—** Reports required to be filed under this subchapter by the Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall be filed in the Office of Government Ethics and, immediately after being filed, shall be made available to the public in accordance with this subchapter. **(e) Reports Filed With Federal Election Commission.—** Each individual identified in [section 13103(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/c&num=0&edition=prelim) who is a candidate for nomination or election to the Office of President or Vice President shall file the reports required by this subchapter with the Federal Election Commission. **(f) Reports Filed With Secretary Concerned.—** Reports required of members of the uniformed services shall be filed with the Secretary concerned. **(g) Forms for Reporting.—** Each supervising ethics office shall develop and make available forms for reporting the information required by this subchapter. **(h) Reports Filed by Certain Government Officials.—** (1) **Officials with whom reports are filed.—** (A) *Reports by members and staff of congress.—* (i) *In general.—* (I) *Reports filed with clerk of the house of representatives.—* — The reports required under this subchapter shall be filed by a reporting individual with the Clerk of the House of Representatives, in the case of a Representative in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico, an officer or employee of the Congress whose compensation is disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, an officer or employee of the Architect of the Capitol, the United States Capitol Police, the United States Botanic Garden, the Congressional Budget Office, the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, or the Copyright Royalty Tribunal (including any individual terminating service, under [section 13103(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/e&num=0&edition=prelim), in any office or position referred to in this subclause), or an individual described in [section 13103(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/c&num=0&edition=prelim) who is a candidate for nomination or election as a Representative in Congress, a Delegate to Congress, or the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico. (II) *Reports filed with secretary of the senate.—* — The reports required under this subchapter shall be filed by a reporting individual with the Secretary of the Senate, in the case of a Senator, an officer or employee of the Congress whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, an officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office, the Office of Technology Assessment, or the Office of the Attending Physician (including any individual terminating service, under [section 13103(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/e&num=0&edition=prelim), in any office or position referred to in this subclause), or an individual described in [section 13103(c) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/c&num=0&edition=prelim) who is a candidate for nomination or election as a Senator. (ii) *Other reports.—* — In the case of an officer or employee of the Congress as described under [section 13103(f)(10) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/f/10&num=0&edition=prelim) who is employed by an agency or commission established in the legislative branch after November 30, 1989, the reports required under this subchapter shall be filed by a reporting individual with— (I) the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives, as the case may be, as designated in the statute establishing such agency or commission; or (II) if such statute does not designate such committee, the Secretary of the Senate for agencies and commissions established in even numbered calendar years, and the Clerk of the House of Representatives for agencies and commissions established in odd numbered calendar years. (B) *Reports filed with judicial conference.—* — The reports required under this subchapter shall be filed by a reporting individual with the Judicial Conference with regard to a judicial officer or employee described under paragraphs (11) and (12) of [section 13103(f) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/f&num=0&edition=prelim) (including individuals terminating service in such office or position under [section 13103(e) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103/e&num=0&edition=prelim) or immediately preceding service in such office or position). (2) **Date report received.—** — The date any report is received (and the date of receipt of any supplemental report) shall be noted on such report by such committee. **(i) Copies of Reports to State Officers.—** (1) **In general.—** — A copy of each report filed under this subchapter by a Member or an individual who is a candidate for the office of Member shall be sent by the Clerk of the House of Representatives or Secretary of the Senate, as the case may be, to the appropriate State officer designated under section 312(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ([52 U.S.C. 30113(a)](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title52-section30113/a&num=0&edition=prelim)) of the State represented by the Member or in which the individual is a candidate, as the case may be, within the 30-day period beginning on the day the report is filed with the Clerk or Secretary. (2) **Exception for electronically filed reports.—** — The requirements of paragraph (1) do not apply to any report filed under this subchapter which is filed electronically and for which there is online public access, in accordance with the systems developed by the Secretary and Sergeant at Arms of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives under section 8(b) of the STOCK Act. **(j) Copies of Reports to Ethics Committees.—** (1) **House of representatives.—** — A copy of each report filed under this subchapter with the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be sent by the Clerk to the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives within the 7-day period beginning on the day the report is filed. (2) **Senate.—** — A copy of each report filed under this subchapter with the Secretary of the Senate shall be sent by the Secretary to the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate within the 7-day period beginning on the day the report is filed. **(k) Assistance of Federal Election Commission.—** In carrying out their responsibilities under this subchapter with respect to candidates for office, the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate shall avail themselves of the assistance of the Federal Election Commission. The Commission shall make available to the Clerk and the Secretary on a regular basis a complete list of names and addresses of all candidates registered with the Commission, and shall cooperate and coordinate its candidate information and notification program with the Clerk and the Secretary to the greatest extent possible. **(l) Periodic Transaction Reports.—** Not later than 30 days after receiving notification of any transaction required to be reported under section 13104(a)(5)(B 11 So in original. A closing parenthesis probably should follow “B”. of this title, but in no case later than 45 days after such transaction, the following persons, if required to file a report under any subsection of [section 13103 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13103&num=0&edition=prelim), subject to any waivers and exclusions, shall file a report of the transaction: (1) The President. (2) The Vice President. (3) Each officer or employee in the executive branch, including a special Government employee as defined in [section 202 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section202&num=0&edition=prelim), who occupies a position classified above GS–15 of the General Schedule or, in the case of positions not under the General Schedule, for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule; each member of a uniformed service whose pay grade is at or in excess of O–7 under [section 201 of title 37](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title37-section201&num=0&edition=prelim); and each officer or employee in any other position determined by the Director of the Office of Government Ethics to be of equal classification. (4) Each employee appointed pursuant to [section 3105 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3105&num=0&edition=prelim). (5) Any employee not described in paragraph (3) who is in a position in the executive branch which is excepted from the competitive service by reason of being of a confidential or policymaking character, except that the Director of the Office of Government Ethics may, by regulation, exclude from the application of this paragraph any individual, or group of individuals, who are in such positions, but only in cases in which the Director determines such exclusion would not affect adversely the integrity of the Government or the public’s confidence in the integrity of the Government. (6) The Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster General, each Governor of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service and each officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or Postal Regulatory Commission who occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule. (7) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics and each designated agency ethics official. (8) Any civilian employee not described in paragraph (3), employed in the Executive Office of the President (other than a special Government employee as defined in [section 202 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section202&num=0&edition=prelim)) who holds a commission of appointment from the President. (9) A Member of Congress, as defined under [section 13101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13101&num=0&edition=prelim). (10) An officer or employee of the Congress, as defined under [section 13101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13101&num=0&edition=prelim).

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 13103 — Persons required to file

**(a) Reports Filed Upon Entering a Filing Position.—** Within 30 days of assuming the position of an officer or employee described in subsection (f), an individual shall file a report containing the information described in [section 13104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13104/b&num=0&edition=prelim) unless the individual has left another position described in subsection (f) within 30 days prior to assuming such new position or has already filed a report under this subchapter with respect to nomination for the new position or as a candidate for the position. **(b) Reports for Nominees to Positions Requiring Senate Confirmation.—** (1) **In general.—** — Within 5 days of the transmittal by the President to the Senate of the nomination of an individual (other than an individual nominated for appointment to a position as a Foreign Service Officer or a grade or rank in the uniformed services for which the pay grade prescribed by [section 201 of title 37](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title37-section201&num=0&edition=prelim) is O–6 or below) to a position, appointment to which requires the advice and consent of the Senate, such individual shall file a report containing the information described in [section 13104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13104/b&num=0&edition=prelim). Such individual shall, not later than the date of the first hearing to consider the nomination of such individual, make current the report filed pursuant to this paragraph by filing the information required by [section 13104(a)(1)(A) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13104/a/1/A&num=0&edition=preli

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 3105 — Appointment of administrative law judges

Each agency shall appoint as many administrative law judges as are necessary for proceedings required to be conducted in accordance with sections 556 and 557 of this title. Administrative law judges shall be assigned to cases in rotation so far as practicable, and may not perform duties inconsistent with their duties and responsibilities as administrative law judges.

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 13101 — Definitions

In this subchapter: (1) **Congressional ethics committees.—** — The term “congressional ethics committees” means the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives. (2) **Dependent child.—** — The term “dependent child” means, when used with respect to any reporting individual, any individual who is a son, daughter, stepson, or stepdaughter and who— (A) is unmarried and under age 21 and is living in the household of such reporting individual; or (B) is a dependent of such reporting individual within the meaning of section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 ([26 U.S.C. 152](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title26-section152&num=0&edition=prelim)). (3) **Designated agency ethics official.—** — The term “designated agency ethics official” means an officer or employee who is designated to administer the provisions of this subchapter within an agency. (4) **Executive branch.—** — The term “executive branch” includes each Executive agency (as defined in [section 105 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section105&num=0&edition=prelim)), other than the Government Accountability Office, and any other entity or administrative unit in the executive branch. (5) **Gift.—** — The term “gift” means a payment, advance, forbearance, rendering, or deposit of money, or any thing of value, unless consideration of equal or greater value is received by the donor, but does not include— (A) bequest and other forms of inheritance; (B) suitable mementos of a function honoring the reporting individual; (C) food, lodging, transportation, and entertainment provided by a foreign government within a foreign country or by the United States Governme

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

18 U.S.C. § 202 — Definitions

**(a)** For the purpose of sections 203, 205, 207, 208, and 209 of this title the term “special Government employee” shall mean an officer or employee of the executive or legislative branch of the United States Government, of any independent agency of the United States or of the District of Columbia, who is retained, designated, appointed, or employed to perform, with or without compensation, for not to exceed one hundred and thirty days during any period of three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days, temporary duties either on a full-time or intermittent basis, a part-time United States commissioner, a part-time United States magistrate judge, or, regardless of the number of days of appointment, an independent counsel appointed under chapter 40 of title 28 and any person appointed by that independent counsel under [section 594(c) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section594/c&num=0&edition=prelim). Notwithstanding the next preceding sentence, every person serving as a part-time local representative of a Member of Congress in the Member’s home district or State shall be classified as a special Government employee. Notwithstanding sections 502, 2105(d), and 5534 of title 5, a Reserve officer of the Armed Forces, an officer of the Space Force not serving on sustained duty pursuant to [section 20105 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section20105&num=0&edition=prelim), or an officer of the National Guard of the United States, unless otherwise an officer or employee of the United States, shall be classified as a special Government employee while on active duty solely for training. Such an officer who is voluntarily serving a period of extended active duty in excess of one hundr

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 631 — Appointment and tenure

**(a)** The judges of each United States district court and the district courts of the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands shall appoint United States magistrate judges in such numbers and to serve at such locations within the judicial districts as the Judicial Conference may determine under this chapter. In the case of a magistrate judge appointed by the district court of the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands, this chapter shall apply as though the court appointing such a magistrate judge were a United States district court. Where there is more than one judge of a district court, the appointment, whether an original appointment or a reappointment, shall be by the concurrence of a majority of all the judges of such district court, and when there is no such concurrence, then by the chief judge. Where the conference deems it desirable, a magistrate judge may be designated to serve in one or more districts adjoining the district for which he is appointed. Such a designation shall be made by the concurrence of a majority of the judges of each of the district courts involved and shall specify the duties to be performed by the magistrate judge in the adjoining district or districts. **(b)** No individual may be appointed or re­appointed to serve as a magistrate judge under this chapter unless: (1) He has been for at least five years a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Territory of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands of the United States, except that an individual who does not meet the bar membership requirements of this paragraph may be appointed and serve as a part-time magistrate judge if the appo

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

37 U.S.C. § 201 — Pay grades: assignment to; general rules

**(a)** For the purpose of computing their basic pay, commissioned officers of the uniformed services (other than commissioned warrant officers) are assigned by the grade or rank in which serving to the following pay grades: Pay gradeArmy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space ForceNavy, Coast Guard, andNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationPublic Health Service O–10GeneralAdmiralAssistant Secretary for Health. O–9Lieutenant generalVice admiralSurgeon General. O–8Major generalRear admiralDeputy Surgeon General.Assistant Surgeon General having rank of major general. O–7Brigadier generalRear admiral (lower half)Assistant Surgeon General having rank of brigadier general. O–6ColonelCaptainDirector grade. O–5Lieutenant colonelCommanderSenior grade. O–4MajorLieutenant commanderFull grade. O–3CaptainLieutenantSenior assistant grade. O–21st lieu­tenantLieutenant (junior grade)Assistant grade. O–12d lieu­tenantEnsignJunior assistant grade. **(b)** For the purpose of computing their basic pay, warrant officers of the armed forces are assigned, by the warrant officer grade in which serving, to the following pay grades: Pay Grade:Warrant Officer Grade: W–5 Chief Warrant Officer, W–5. W–4 Chief Warrant Officer, W–4. W–3 Chief Warrant Officer, W–3. W–2 Chief Warrant Officer, W–2. W–1 Warrant Officer, W–1. **(c)** Unless entitled to the basic pay of a higher pay grade, an aviation cadet of the Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard is entitled to monthly basic pay at the lowest rate prescribed for pay grade E–4. **(d)** Unless he is entitled to the basic pay of a higher pay grade, an aviation pilot of the Navy Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve is entitled to monthly basic pay at the rate prescribed for pay grade E–5. **(e)** Except as provided by s

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 101 — Executive departments

The Executive departments are:

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 13107 — Custody of and public access to reports

**(a) Availability of Reports to Public.—** Each agency, each supervising ethics office in the executive or judicial branch, the Clerk of the House of Representatives, and the Secretary of the Senate shall make available to the public, in accordance with subsection (b), each report filed under this subchapter with such agency or office or with the Clerk or the Secretary of the Senate, except that— (1) this section does not require public availability of a report filed by any individual in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, or the National Security Agency, or any individual engaged in intelligence activities in any agency of the United States, if the President finds or has found that, due to the nature of the office or position occupied by such individual, public disclosure of such report would, by revealing the identity of the individual or other sensitive information, compromise the national interest of the United States; and such individuals may be authorized, notwithstanding [section 13106(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section13106/a&num=0&edition=prelim), to file such additional reports as are necessary to protect their identity from public disclosure if the President first finds or has found that such filing is necessary in the national interest; and (2) any report filed by an independent counsel whose identity has not been disclosed by the division of the court under chapter 40 of title 28, and any report filed by any person appointed by that independent counsel under such chapter, shall not be made available to the public under this subchapter. **(b) Inspection of Reports.—** (

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

28 U.S.C. § 152 — Appointment of bankruptcy judges

**(a)** (1) Each bankruptcy judge to be appointed for a judicial district, as provided in paragraph (2), shall be appointed by the court of appeals of the United States for the circuit in which such district is located. Such appointments shall be made after considering the recommendations of the Judicial Conference submitted pursuant to subsection (b). Each bankruptcy judge shall be appointed for a term of fourteen years, subject to the provisions of subsection (e). However, upon the expiration of the term, a bankruptcy judge may, with the approval of the judicial council of the circuit, continue to perform the duties of the office until the earlier of the date which is 180 days after the expiration of the term or the date of the appointment of a successor. Bankruptcy judges shall serve as judicial officers of the United States district court established under Article III of the Constitution. (2) The bankruptcy judges appointed pursuant to this section shall be appointed for the several judicial districts as follows: DistrictsJudges Alabama: Northern5 Middle2 Southern2 Alaska2 Arizona7 Arkansas: Eastern and Western3 California: Northern9 Eastern6 Central21 Southern4 Colorado5 Connecticut3 Delaware1 District of Columbia1 Florida: Northern1 Middle8 Southern5 Georgia: Northern8 Middle3 Southern2 Hawaii1 Idaho2 Illinois: Northern10 Central3 Southern1 Indiana: Northern3 Southern4 Iowa: Northern2 Southern2 Kansas4 Kentucky: Eastern2 Western3 Louisiana: Eastern2 Middle1 Western3 Maine2 Maryland4 Massachusetts5 Michigan: Eastern4 Western3 Minnesota4 Mississippi: Northern1 Southern2 Missouri: Eastern3 Western3 Montana1 Nebraska2 Nevada3 New Hampshire1 New Jersey8 New Mexico2 New York: Northern2 Southern9 Eastern6 Western3 North Carolina: Eastern2 Middle2 Western2 North Dakota1

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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities

5 U.S.C. § 5332 — The General Schedule

**(a)** (1) The General Schedule, the symbol for which is “GS”, is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this subchapter applies. Each employee to whom this subchapter applies is entitled to basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule. (2) The General Schedule is a schedule of annual rates of basic pay, consisting of 15 grades, designated “GS–1” through “GS–15”, consecutively, with 10 rates of pay for each such grade. The rates of pay of the General Schedule are adjusted in accordance with section 5303. **(b)** When payment is made on the basis of an hourly, daily, weekly, or biweekly rate, the rate is computed from the appropriate annual rate of basic pay named by subsection (a) of this section in accordance with the rules prescribed by [section 5504(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5504/b&num=0&edition=prelim).

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