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18 U.S.C. § 202 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of sections 203, 205, 207, 208, and 209 of this title the term “special Government employee” shall mean an officer or employee of the executive or legislative branch of the United States Government, of any independent agency of the United States or of the District of Columbia, who is retained, designated, appointed, or employed to perform, with or without compensation, for not to exceed one hundred and thirty days during any period of three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days, temporary duties either on a full-time or intermittent basis, a part-time United States commissioner, a part-time United States magistrate judge, or, regardless of the number of days of appointment, an independent counsel appointed under chapter 40 of title 28 and any person appointed by that independent counsel under [section 594(c) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section594/c&num=0&edition=prelim). Notwithstanding the next preceding sentence, every person serving as a part-time local representative of a Member of Congress in the Member’s home district or State shall be classified as a special Government employee. Notwithstanding sections 502, 2105(d), and 5534 of title 5, a Reserve officer of the Armed Forces, an officer of the Space Force not serving on sustained duty pursuant to [section 20105 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section20105&num=0&edition=prelim), or an officer of the National Guard of the United States, unless otherwise an officer or employee of the United States, shall be classified as a special Government employee while on active duty solely for training. Such an officer who is voluntarily serving a period of extended active duty in excess of one hundr
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Source location: Title 18, Chapter 11, § 202; chapter-011-bribery-graft-and-conflicts-of-interest.md
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**(a)** For the purpose of sections 203, 205, 207, 208, and 209 of this title the term “special Government employee” shall mean an officer or employee of the executive or legislative branch of the United States Government, of any independent agency of the United States or of the District of Columbia, who is retained, designated, appointed, or employed to perform, with or without compensation, for not to exceed one hundred and thirty days during any period of three hundred and sixty-five consecutive days, temporary duties either on a full-time or intermittent basis, a part-time United States commissioner, a part-time United States magistrate judge, or, regardless of the number of days of appointment, an independent counsel appointed under chapter 40 of title 28 and any person appointed by that independent counsel under [section 594(c) of title 28](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title28-section594/c&num=0&edition=prelim). Notwithstanding the next preceding sentence, every person serving as a part-time local representative of a Member of Congress in the Member’s home district or State shall be classified as a special Government employee. Notwithstanding sections 502, 2105(d), and 5534 of title 5, a Reserve officer of the Armed Forces, an officer of the Space Force not serving on sustained duty pursuant to [section 20105 of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section20105&num=0&edition=prelim), or an officer of the National Guard of the United States, unless otherwise an officer or employee of the United States, shall be classified as a special Government employee while on active duty solely for training. Such an officer who is voluntarily serving a period of extended active duty in excess of one hundred and thirty days shall be classified as an officer of the United States within the meaning of section 203 and sections 205 through 209 and 218. Such an officer who is serving involuntarily shall be classified as a special Government employee. The terms “officer or employee” and “special Government employee” as used in sections 203, 205, 207 through 209, and 218, shall not include enlisted members of the Armed Forces.
**(b)** For the purposes of sections 205 and 207 of this title, the term “official responsibility” means the direct administrative or operating authority, whether intermediate or final, and either exercisable alone or with others, and either personally or through subordinates, to approve, disapprove, or otherwise direct Government action.
**(c)** Except as otherwise provided in such sections, the terms “officer” and “employee” in sections 203, 205, 207 through 209, and 218 of this title shall not include the President, the Vice President, a Member of Congress, or a Federal judge.
**(d)** The term “Member of Congress” in sections 204 and 207 means—
(1) a United States Senator; and
(2) a Representative in, or a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the House of Representatives.
**(e)** As used in this chapter, the term—
(1) “executive branch” includes each executive agency as defined in title 5, and any other entity or administrative unit in the executive branch;
(2) “judicial branch” means the Supreme Court of the United States; the United States courts of appeals; the United States district courts; the Court of International Trade; the United States bankruptcy courts; any court created pursuant to article I of the United States Constitution, including the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, the United States Court of Federal Claims, and the United States Tax Court, but not including a court of a territory or possession of the United States; the Federal Judicial Center; and any other agency, office, or entity in the judicial branch; and
(3) “legislative branch” means—
(A) the Congress; and
(B) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the United States Botanic Garden, the Government Accountability Office, the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, the Office of Technology Assessment, the Congressional Budget Office, the United States Capitol Police, and any other agency, entity, office, or commission established in the legislative branch.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section—
(1) the term “public official” means Member of Congress, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner, either before or after such official has qualified, or an officer or employee or person acting for or on behalf of the United States, or any department, agency or branch of Government thereof, including the District of Columbia, in any official function, under or by authority of any such department, agency, or branch of Government, or a juror;
(2) the term “person who has been selected to be a public official” means any person who has been nominated or appointed to be a public official, or has been officially informed that such person will be so nominated or appointed; and
(3) the term “official act” means any decision or action on any question, matter, cause, suit, proceeding or controversy, which may at any time be pending, or which may by law be brought before any public official, in such official’s official capacity, or in such official’s place of trust or profit.
**(b)** Whoever—
(1) directly or indirectly, corruptly gives, offers or promises anything of value to any public official or person who has been selected to be a public official, or offers or promises any public official or any person who has been selected to be a public official to give anything of value to any other person or entity, with intent—
(A) to influence any official act; or
(B) to influence such public official or person who has been selected to be a public official to commit or aid in committing, or collude in, or allow, any fraud, or make opportunity for the commission of any fraud, on the United States; or
(C) to induce such public official or such person who has been selected to be a public official to do or omit to do any act in violation of th
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 18 U.S.C. § 201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Enlisted Members.—** An authority designated by the Secretary of the Air Force may order an enlisted member of the Space Force in a space force active status to sustained duty, or retain an enlisted member on sustained duty, with the consent of that member, as specified in the terms of the member’s enlistment or reenlistment agreement.
**(b) Officers.—**
(1) An authority designated by the Secretary of the Air Force may order a Space Force officer in a space force active status to sustained duty—
(A) with the consent of the officer; or
(B) to fulfill the terms of an active-duty service commitment incurred by the officer under any provision of law.
(2) An officer ordered to sustained duty under paragraph (1) may not be released from sustained duty without the officer’s consent except as provided in chapter 2009 or 2011 of this title.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 10 U.S.C. § 20105
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The judges of each United States district court and the district courts of the Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands shall appoint United States magistrate judges in such numbers and to serve at such locations within the judicial districts as the Judicial Conference may determine under this chapter. In the case of a magistrate judge appointed by the district court of the Virgin Islands, Guam, or the Northern Mariana Islands, this chapter shall apply as though the court appointing such a magistrate judge were a United States district court. Where there is more than one judge of a district court, the appointment, whether an original appointment or a reappointment, shall be by the concurrence of a majority of all the judges of such district court, and when there is no such concurrence, then by the chief judge. Where the conference deems it desirable, a magistrate judge may be designated to serve in one or more districts adjoining the district for which he is appointed. Such a designation shall be made by the concurrence of a majority of the judges of each of the district courts involved and shall specify the duties to be performed by the magistrate judge in the adjoining district or districts.
**(b)** No individual may be appointed or reappointed to serve as a magistrate judge under this chapter unless:
(1) He has been for at least five years a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Territory of Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands of the United States, except that an individual who does not meet the bar membership requirements of this paragraph may be appointed and serve as a part-time magistrate judge if the appo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 631
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Preliminary Investigation With Respect to Certain Covered Persons.—** The Attorney General shall conduct a preliminary investigation in accordance with section 592 whenever the Attorney General receives information sufficient to constitute grounds to investigate whether any person described in subsection (b) may have violated any Federal criminal law other than a violation classified as a Class B or C misdemeanor or an infraction.
**(b) Persons to Whom Subsection (a) Applies.—** The persons referred to in subsection (a) are—
(1) the President and Vice President;
(2) any individual serving in a position listed in [section 5312 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5312&num=0&edition=prelim);
(3) any individual working in the Executive Office of the President who is compensated at a rate of pay at or above level II of the Executive Schedule under [section 5313 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5313&num=0&edition=prelim);
(4) any Assistant Attorney General and any individual working in the Department of Justice who is compensated at a rate of pay at or above level III of the Executive Schedule under [section 5314 of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5314&num=0&edition=prelim);
(5) the Director of Central Intelligence, the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, and the Commissioner of Internal Revenue;
(6) the chairman and treasurer of the principal national campaign committee seeking the election or reelection of the President, and any officer of that committee exercising authority at the national level, during the incumbency of the President; and
(7) any individual who held an office or position described i
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 591
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President of the United States shall nominate and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint a suitable person to take charge of and manage the Government Publishing Office. The title shall be Director of the Government Publishing Office.
**(b)** The Director shall be appointed for a term of 10 years.
**(c)** An individual appointed to the position of Director, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, may be reappointed to that position in accordance with subsections (a) and (b).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 44 U.S.C. § 301
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The President shall appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, sixteen judges who shall constitute a court of record known as the United States Court of Federal Claims. The court is declared to be a court established under article I of the Constitution of the United States.
**(b)** The President shall designate one of the judges of the Court of Federal Claims who is less than seventy years of age to serve as chief judge. The chief judge may continue to serve as such until he reaches the age of seventy years or until another judge is designated as chief judge by the President. After the designation of another judge to serve as chief judge, the former chief judge may continue to serve as a judge of the court for the balance of the term to which appointed.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 28 U.S.C. § 171
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Standards for the issuance of payment stablecoins**
(1) **In general** — A permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall—
(A) maintain identifiable reserves backing the outstanding payment stablecoins of the permitted payment stablecoin issuer on an at least 1 to 1 basis, with reserves comprising—
(i) United States coins and currency (including Federal Reserve notes) or money standing to the credit of an account with a Federal Reserve Bank;
(ii) funds held as demand deposits (or other deposits that may be withdrawn upon request at any time) or insured shares at an insured depository institution (including any foreign branches or agents, including correspondent banks, of an insured depository institution), subject to limitations established by the Corporation and the National Credit Union Administration, as applicable, to address safety and soundness risks of such insured depository institution;
(iii) Treasury bills, notes, or bonds—
(I) with a remaining maturity of 93 days or less; or
(II) issued with a maturity of 93 days or less;
(iv) money received under repurchase agreements, with the permitted payment stablecoin issuer acting as a seller of securities and with an overnight maturity, that are backed by Treasury bills with a maturity of 93 days or less;
(v) reverse repurchase agreements, with the permitted payment stablecoin issuer acting as a purchaser of securities and with an overnight maturity, that are collateralized by Treasury notes, bills, or bonds on an overnight basis, subject to overcollateralization in line with standard market terms, that are—
(I) tri-party;
(II) centrally cleared through a clearing agency registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission; or
(III) bilateral with a co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 12 U.S.C. § 5903
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** If a Federal agency which has ownership of or the right of ownership to an invention made by a Federal employee does not intend to file for a patent application or otherwise to promote commercialization of such invention, the agency shall allow the inventor, if the inventor is a Government employee or former employee who made the invention during the course of employment with the Government, to obtain or retain title to the invention (subject to reservation by the Government of a nonexclusive, nontransferrable, irrevocable, paid-up license to practice the invention or have the invention practiced throughout the world by or on behalf of the Government). In addition, the agency may condition the inventor’s right to title on the timely filing of a patent application in cases when the Government determines that it has or may have a need to practice the invention.
**(b) “Special Government employees” defined** For purposes of this section, Federal employees include “special Government employees” as defined in [section 202 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section202&num=0&edition=prelim).
**(c) Relationship to other laws** Nothing in this section is intended to limit or diminish existing authorities of any agency.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 3710d
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Composition and representation**
(1) The Council shall consist of 12 members, of whom—
(A) four members shall be appointed by the President, of whom—
(i) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in business;
(ii) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in the labor community;
(iii) one shall be a national leader who has been active in public interest activities; and
(iv) one shall be a head of a Federal department or agency;
(B) four members shall be appointed by the majority leader and the minority leader of the Senate, acting jointly, of whom—
(i) one shall be a national leader with experience or background in business;
(ii) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in the labor community;
(iii) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in the academic community; and
(iv) one shall be a representative of State or local government; and
(C) four members shall be appointed by the Speaker, the minority leader of the House of Representatives, acting jointly, of whom—
(i) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in business;
(ii) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in the labor community;
(iii) one shall be a national leader with experience and background in the academic community; and
(iv) one shall be a representative of State or local government.
(2) In addition to the head of a Federal department or agency appointed in accordance with subsection (a)(1)(A)(iv), other Federal officials may participate on an ex-officio basis as requested by the Council.
(3) All members of the Council shall be individuals who have a broad understanding of the United States economy and t
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 4804
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Executive Director**
(1) The principal administrative officer of the Council shall be an Executive Director, who shall be appointed by the Council and who shall be paid at a rate not to exceed GS–18 of the General Schedule.
(2) The Executive Director shall serve on a full-time basis.
**(b) Staff**
(1) Within the limitations of appropriations to the Council, the Executive Director may appoint a staff for the Council in accordance with the Federal civil service and classification laws.
(2) The staff of the Council shall be deemed to be special government employees as defined in [section 202 of title 18](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title18-section202&num=0&edition=prelim) for purposes of title II of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 11 See References in Text note below. and sections 201, 202, 203, 205, 207, and 208 of title 18.
**(c) Experts and consultants** The Council may procure temporary and intermittent services under [section 3109(b) of title 5](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3109/b&num=0&edition=prelim), but at rates for individuals not to exceed the daily equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay for GS–16 of the General Schedule.
**(d) Details** Upon request of the Council, the head of any other Federal agency is authorized to detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to the Council to assist the Council in carrying out its duties under this chapter.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 15 U.S.C. § 4805
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