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5 U.S.C. § 5581 — Definitions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of this subchapter—
(1) “employee” means—
(A) an employee as defined by [section 2105 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section2105&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;
but does not include an employee of—
(i) a Federal land bank;
(ii) a Federal intermediate credit bank;
(iii) a regional bank for cooperatives; or
(iv) the Senate within the purview of [section 36a of title 2](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section36a&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 See References in Text note below. and
(2) “money due” means the pay and allowances due on account of the services of a deceased employee for the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia. It includes, but is not limited to—
(A) per diem instead of subsistence, mileage, and amounts due in reimbursement of travel expenses, including incidental and miscellaneous expenses in connection therewith for which reimbursement is due;
(B) allowances on change of official station;
(C) quarters and cost-of-living allowances and overtime or premium pay;
(D) amounts due for payment of cash awards for employees’ suggestions;
(E) amounts due as refund of pay deductions for United States savings bonds;
(F) payment for accumulated and current accrued annual or vacation leave equal to the pay the deceased employee would have received had he lived and remained in the service until the end of the period of annual or vacation leave;
(G) amounts of checks drawn for pay and allowances which were not delivered by the Government to the employee during his lifetime;
(H) amounts of unnegotiated checks returned to the
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_56a38afe0ad919bd41a276b1
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-5/section-5581-definitions--5afc5054b0.md
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Source location: Title 5, Chapter 55, § 5581; chapter-055-pay-administration.md
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For the purpose of this subchapter—
(1) “employee” means—
(A) an employee as defined by [section 2105 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section2105&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(B) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;
but does not include an employee of—
(i) a Federal land bank;
(ii) a Federal intermediate credit bank;
(iii) a regional bank for cooperatives; or
(iv) the Senate within the purview of [section 36a of title 2](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section36a&num=0&edition=prelim); 11 See References in Text note below. and
(2) “money due” means the pay and allowances due on account of the services of a deceased employee for the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia. It includes, but is not limited to—
(A) per diem instead of subsistence, mileage, and amounts due in reimbursement of travel expenses, including incidental and miscellaneous expenses in connection therewith for which reimbursement is due;
(B) allowances on change of official station;
(C) quarters and cost-of-living allowances and overtime or premium pay;
(D) amounts due for payment of cash awards for employees’ suggestions;
(E) amounts due as refund of pay deductions for United States savings bonds;
(F) payment for accumulated and current accrued annual or vacation leave equal to the pay the deceased employee would have received had he lived and remained in the service until the end of the period of annual or vacation leave;
(G) amounts of checks drawn for pay and allowances which were not delivered by the Government to the employee during his lifetime;
(H) amounts of unnegotiated checks returned to the Government because of the death of the employee; and
(I) retroactive pay under section 5344(a) (2) of this title.
It does not include benefits, refunds, or interest payable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title applicable to the service of the deceased employee, or amounts the disposition of which is otherwise expressly prescribed by Federal statute.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this title, “employee”, except as otherwise provided by this section or when specifically modified, means an officer and an individual who is—
(1) appointed in the civil service by one of the following acting in an official capacity—
(A) the President;
(B) a Member or Members of Congress, or the Congress;
(C) a member of a uniformed service;
(D) an individual who is an employee under this section;
(E) the head of a Government controlled corporation; or
(F) an adjutant general designated by the Secretary concerned under [section 709(c) of title 32](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title32-section709/c&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; and
(3) subject to the supervision of an individual named by paragraph (1) of this subsection while engaged in the performance of the duties of his position.
**(b)** An individual who is employed at the United States Naval Academy in the midshipmen’s laundry, the midshipmen’s tailor shop, the midshipmen’s cobbler and barber shops, and the midshipmen’s store, except an individual employed by the Academy dairy (if any), and whose employment in such a position began before October 1, 1996, and has been uninterrupted in such a position since that date is deemed an employee.
**(c)** An employee paid from nonappropriated funds of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Ships Stores Program, Navy exchanges, Marine Corps exchanges, Coast Guard exchanges, and other instrumentalities of the United States under the jurisdiction of the armed forces conducted for the comfort, pleasure, contentment, and mental and physical improvement of personnel of the armed forces is deemed not an emp
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 2105
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
### Statutory Notes
#### Codification
Section 36a was editorially reclassified as [section 4592 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title2-section4592&num=0&edition=prelim).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 36a
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Each increase in rates of basic pay granted, pursuant to a wage survey, to prevailing rate employees is effective not later than the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the 45th day, excluding Saturdays and Sundays, following the date the wage survey is ordered to be made.
**(b)** Retroactive pay is payable by reason of an increase in rates of basic pay referred to in subsection (a) of this section only when—
(1) the individual is in the service of the Government of the United States, including service in the armed forces, or the government of the District of Columbia on the date of the issuance of the order granting the increase; or
(2) the individual retired or died during the period beginning on the effective date of the increase and ending on the date of issuance of the order granting the increase, and only for services performed during that period.
For the purpose of this subsection, service in the armed forces includes the period provided by statute for the mandatory restoration of the individual to a position in or under the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia after he is relieved from training and service in the armed forces or discharged from hospitalization following that training and service.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5344
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Senate, a person serving as a Senator or officer or employee whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to be paid any unpaid balance of salary or other sums due such person at the time of his death. When any person dies while so serving, any such unpaid balance shall be paid by the disbursing officer of the Senate to the designated beneficiary or beneficiaries. If no designation has been made, such unpaid balance shall be paid to the widow or widower of that person, or if there is no widow or widower, to the next of kin or heirs at law of that person.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 2 U.S.C. § 4592
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section, “agency” means an Executive agency, but does not include—
(1) a Government controlled corporation;
(2) the Tennessee Valley Authority;
(3) the Virgin Islands Corporation;
(4) the Atomic Energy Commission;
(5) the Central Intelligence Agency;
(6) the Panama Canal Commission; or
(7) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense.
**(b)** Under regulations prescribed and administered by the President, each agency shall review systematically the operations of each of its activities, functions, or organization units, on a continuing basis.
**(c)** The purpose of the reviews includes—
(1) determining the degree of efficiency and economy in the operation of the agency’s activities, functions, or organization units;
(2) identifying the units that are outstanding in those respects; and
(3) identifying the employees whose personal efforts have caused their units to be outstanding in efficiency and economy of operations.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 305
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 703
TITLE 5—GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES
§ 5581
1 See References in Text note below.
tion for the disability or death of an employee
or a family member of an employee if, as deter-
mined by the President, the disability or death
was caused by hostile action and was a result of
the individual’s relationship with the Govern-
ment.
(c) Any compensation otherwise payable to an
individual under this section in connection with
any disability or death shall be reduced by any
amounts payable to such individual under any
other program funded in whole or in part by the
United States (excluding any amount payable
under section 5569(d) of this title) in connection
with such disability or death, except that noth-
ing in this subsection shall result in the reduc-
tion of any amount below zero.
(d) A determination by the President under
subsection (b) shall be conclusive and shall not
be subject to judicial review.
(e) Compensation under this section may in-
clude payment (whether by advancement or re-
imbursement) for any medical or health ex-
penses relating to the death or disability in-
volved to the extent that such expenses are not
covered under subsection (c) of section 5569 of
this title (other than because of paragraph (2) of
such subsection).
(f) This section applies with respect to any dis-
ability or death resulting from an injury which
occurs after January 21, 1981.
(g) Any benefit or payment pursuant to this
section shall be paid out of funds available for
salaries and expenses of the relevant agency of
the United States.
(Added Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, § 803(a), Aug. 27,
1986, 100 Stat. 882.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
CIVILIAN SERVICE RECOGNITION
Pub. L. 112–73, Dec. 20, 2011, 125 Stat. 784, provided
that:
‘‘S
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 5 U.S.C. § 5581
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