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5 U.S.C. § 2105 — Employee
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this title, “employee”, except as otherwise provided by this section or when specifically modified, means an officer and an individual who is—
(1) appointed in the civil service by one of the following acting in an official capacity—
(A) the President;
(B) a Member or Members of Congress, or the Congress;
(C) a member of a uniformed service;
(D) an individual who is an employee under this section;
(E) the head of a Government controlled corporation; or
(F) an adjutant general designated by the Secretary concerned under [section 709(c) of title 32](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title32-section709/c&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; and
(3) subject to the supervision of an individual named by paragraph (1) of this subsection while engaged in the performance of the duties of his position.
**(b)** An individual who is employed at the United States Naval Academy in the midshipmen’s laundry, the midshipmen’s tailor shop, the midshipmen’s cobbler and barber shops, and the midshipmen’s store, except an individual employed by the Academy dairy (if any), and whose employment in such a position began before October 1, 1996, and has been uninterrupted in such a position since that date is deemed an employee.
**(c)** An employee paid from nonappropriated funds of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Ships Stores Program, Navy exchanges, Marine Corps exchanges, Coast Guard exchanges, and other instrumentalities of the United States under the jurisdiction of the armed forces conducted for the comfort, pleasure, contentment, and mental and physical improvement of personnel of the armed forces is deemed not an emp
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 2105
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Stable record: federal_law:legal_authorities:record_usc_138af412addcf9efec08b78b
Source file: Laws/federal/codes/united-states-code/title-5/section-2105-employee--5428a572b5.md
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Passage SHA-256: 0453215db9ae1097412faa93ec062caf2fafd59cae93b49a23283bb7e45b05d8
Source location: Title 5, Chapter 21, § 2105; chapter-021-definitions.md
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**(a)** For the purpose of this title, “employee”, except as otherwise provided by this section or when specifically modified, means an officer and an individual who is—
(1) appointed in the civil service by one of the following acting in an official capacity—
(A) the President;
(B) a Member or Members of Congress, or the Congress;
(C) a member of a uniformed service;
(D) an individual who is an employee under this section;
(E) the head of a Government controlled corporation; or
(F) an adjutant general designated by the Secretary concerned under [section 709(c) of title 32](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title32-section709/c&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; and
(3) subject to the supervision of an individual named by paragraph (1) of this subsection while engaged in the performance of the duties of his position.
**(b)** An individual who is employed at the United States Naval Academy in the midshipmen’s laundry, the midshipmen’s tailor shop, the midshipmen’s cobbler and barber shops, and the midshipmen’s store, except an individual employed by the Academy dairy (if any), and whose employment in such a position began before October 1, 1996, and has been uninterrupted in such a position since that date is deemed an employee.
**(c)** An employee paid from nonappropriated funds of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Ships Stores Program, Navy exchanges, Marine Corps exchanges, Coast Guard exchanges, and other instrumentalities of the United States under the jurisdiction of the armed forces conducted for the comfort, pleasure, contentment, and mental and physical improvement of personnel of the armed forces is deemed not an employee for the purpose of—
(1) laws administered by the Office of Personnel Management, except—
(A) section 7204;
(B) as otherwise specifically provided in this title;
(C) the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938;
(D) for the purpose of entering into an interchange agreement to provide for the noncompetitive movement of employees between such instrumentalities and the competitive service; or
(E) subchapter V of chapter 63, which shall be applied so as to construe references to benefit programs to refer to applicable programs for employees paid from nonappropriated funds; or
(2) subchapter I of chapter 81, chapter 84 (except to the extent specifically provided therein), and [section 7902 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section7902&num=0&edition=prelim).
This subsection does not affect the status of these nonappropriated fund activities as Federal instrumentalities.
**(d)** A Reserve of the armed forces who is not on active duty or who is on active duty for training is deemed not an employee or an individual holding an office of trust or profit or discharging an official function under or in connection with the United States because of his appointment, oath, or status, or any duties or functions performed or pay or allowances received in that capacity.
**(e)** Except as otherwise provided by law, an employee of the United States Postal Service or of the Postal Regulatory Commission is deemed not an employee for purposes of this title.
**(f)** For purposes of sections 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1221, 1222, 2302, and 7701, employees appointed under chapter 73 or 74 of title 38 shall be employees.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Air Force, as the case may be, and subject to subsections (b) and (c), persons may be employed as technicians in—
(1) the organizing, administering, instructing, or training of the National Guard;
(2) the maintenance and repair of supplies issued to the National Guard or the armed forces; and
(3) the performance of the following additional duties to the extent that the performance of those duties does not interfere with the performance of the duties described by paragraphs (1) and (2):
(A) Support of operations or missions undertaken by the technician’s unit at the request of the President or the Secretary of Defense.
(B) Support of Federal training operations or Federal training missions assigned in whole or in part to the technician’s unit.
(C) Instructing or training in the United States or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or possessions of the United States of—
(i) active-duty members of the armed forces;
(ii) members of foreign military forces (under the same authorities and restrictions applicable to active-duty members providing such instruction or training);
(iii) Department of Defense contractor personnel; or
(iv) Department of Defense civilian employees.
**(b)** Except as authorized in subsection (c), a person employed under subsection (a) must meet each of the following requirements:
(1) Be a military technician (dual status) as defined in [section 10216(a) of title 10](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title10-section10216/a&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) Be a member of the National Guard.
(3) Hold the military grade specified by the Secretary concerned for that position.
(4) While performing duties as a militar
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 32 U.S.C. § 709
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section—
(1) “employee” means an employee as defined by [section 8101 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section8101&num=0&edition=prelim); and
(2) “agency” means an agency in any branch of the Government of the United States (not including the United States Postal Service), including an instrumentality wholly owned by the United States, and the government of the District of Columbia.
**(b)** The Secretary of Labor shall carry out a safety program under [section 941(b)(1) of title 33](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title33-section941/b/1&num=0&edition=prelim) covering the employment of each employee of an agency.
**(c)** The President may—
(1) establish by Executive order a safety council composed of representatives of the agencies and of labor organizations representing employees to serve as an advisory body to the Secretary in furtherance of the safety program carried out by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section; and
(2) undertake such other measures as he considers proper to prevent injuries and accidents to employees of the agencies.
**(d)** The head of each agency shall develop and support organized safety promotion to reduce accidents and injuries among employees of his agency, encourage safe practices, and eliminate work hazards and health risks.
**(e)** Each agency shall—
(1) keep a record of injuries and accidents to its employees whether or not they result in loss of time or in the payment or furnishing of benefits; and
(2) make such statistical or other reports on such forms as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 7902
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
For the purpose of this chapter—
(1) the term “account” means an account established and maintained under [section 8439(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section8439/a&num=0&edition=prelim);
(2) the term “annuitant” means a former employee or Member who, on the basis of that individual’s service, meets all requirements for title to an annuity under subchapter II or V of this chapter and files claim therefor;
(3) the term “average pay” means the largest annual rate resulting from averaging an employee’s or Member’s rates of basic pay in effect over any 3 consecutive years of service or, in the case of an annuity under this chapter based on service of less than 3 years, over the total service, with each rate weighted by the period it was in effect;
(4) the term “basic pay” has the meaning given such term by section 8331(3);
(5) the term “Board” means the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board established by [section 8472(a) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section8472/a&num=0&edition=prelim);
(6) the term “Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund” or “Fund” means the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund under section 8348;
(7) the term “court” means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court;
(8) the term “Director” means the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;
(9) the term “dynamic assumptions” means economic assumptions that are used in determining actuarial costs and liabilities of a retirement system and in anticipating the effects of long-term future—
(A) investment yields;
(B) increases in rates of basic p
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 8401
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** The pay of prevailing rate employees shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates. Subject to [section 213(f) of title 29](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section213/f&num=0&edition=prelim), the rates may not be less than the appropriate rates provided by [section 206(a)(1) of title 29](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title29-section206/a/1&num=0&edition=prelim). To carry out this subsection—
(1) the Office of Personnel Management shall define, as appropriate—
(A) with respect to prevailing rate employees other than prevailing rate employees under paragraphs (B) and (C) of [section 5342(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5342/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim), the boundaries of—
(i) individual local wage areas for prevailing rate employees having regular wage schedules and rates; and
(ii) wage areas for prevailing rate employees having special wage schedules and rates;
(B) with respect to prevailing rate employees under paragraphs (B) and (C) of [section 5342(a)(2) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section5342/a/2&num=0&edition=prelim), the boundaries of—
(i) individual local wage areas for prevailing rate employees under such paragraphs having regular wage schedules and rates (but such boundaries shall not extend beyond the immediate locality in which the particular prevailing rate employees are employed); and
(ii) wage areas for prevailing rate employees under such paragraphs having special wage schedules and rates;
(2) the Office of Personnel Management shall designate a lead age
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5343
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out subchapter I and this subchapter not later than 120 days after February 5, 1993.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 2601
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
(1) **Sense of Congress** — It is the sense of Congress that the Federal air marshal program is critical to aviation security.
(2) **Limitation on statutory construction** — Nothing in this chapter, including any amendment made by this chapter, shall be construed as preventing the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security from implementing and training Federal air marshals.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 6 U.S.C. § 542
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
This chapter may be cited as the “Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938”.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 29 U.S.C. § 201
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
It is the policy of Congress that rates of pay of prevailing rate employees be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates and be based on principles that—
(1) there will be equal pay for substantially equal work for all prevailing rate employees who are working under similar conditions of employment in all agencies within the same local wage area;
(2) there will be relative differences in pay within a local wage area when there are substantial or recognizable differences in duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements among positions;
(3) the level of rates of pay will be maintained in line with prevailing levels for comparable work within a local wage area; and
(4) the level of rates of pay will be maintained so as to attract and retain qualified prevailing rate employees.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 5341
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)**
(1) An employee or Member may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund in any pay period, pursuant to an election under subsection (b), an amount not to exceed the maximum percentage of such employee’s or Member’s basic pay for such pay period allowable under paragraph (2). Contributions under this subsection pursuant to such an election shall, with respect to each pay period for which such election remains in effect, be made in accordance with a program of regular contributions provided in regulations prescribed by the Executive Director.
(2) The maximum percentage allowable under this paragraph shall be determined in accordance with the following table: In the case of a pay period beginning in fiscal year:The maximum percentageallowable is: 200111 200212 200313 200414 200515 2006 or thereafter100.
(3) Notwithstanding any limitation under this subsection, an eligible participant (as defined by section 414(v) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) may make such additional contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund as are permitted by such section 414(v) and regulations of the Executive Director consistent therewith.
**(b)**
(1)
(A)
(i) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations under which employees and Members may make contributions under subsection (a), to modify the amount to be contributed under such subsection, or to terminate such contributions.
(ii) An election to make contributions under this paragraph—
(I) may be made at any time;
(II) shall take effect on the earliest date after the election that is administratively feasible; and
(III) shall remain in effect until modified or terminated.
(B) The amount to be contributed pursuant to an election under subparagraph (A) shall be the percentage of basic pay or amo
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 8432
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** For the purpose of this section, “agency” means an Executive agency, but does not include—
(1) a Government controlled corporation;
(2) the Tennessee Valley Authority;
(3) the Virgin Islands Corporation;
(4) the Atomic Energy Commission;
(5) the Central Intelligence Agency;
(6) the Panama Canal Commission; or
(7) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense.
**(b)** Under regulations prescribed and administered by the President, each agency shall review systematically the operations of each of its activities, functions, or organization units, on a continuing basis.
**(c)** The purpose of the reviews includes—
(1) determining the degree of efficiency and economy in the operation of the agency’s activities, functions, or organization units;
(2) identifying the units that are outstanding in those respects; and
(3) identifying the employees whose personal efforts have caused their units to be outstanding in efficiency and economy of operations.
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 5 U.S.C. § 305
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