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22 U.S.C. § 1741d — Authorization of imposition of sanctions
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general** The President may impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person the President determines, based on credible evidence—
(1) is responsible for or is complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the hostage-taking of a United States national abroad or the unlawful or wrongful detention of a United States national abroad; or
(2) knowingly provides financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, an activity described in paragraph (1).
**(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) **Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole**
(A) *Visas, admission, or parole* — An alien described in subsection (a) may be—
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(B) *Current visas revoked*
(i) *In general* — An alien described in subsection (a) may be subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii) *Immediate effect* — A revocation under clause (i) may—
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien’s possession.
(2) **Blocking of property**
(A) *In general* — The President may exercise all of the powers granted to the President under the Internat
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Source location: Title 22, Chapter 23, § 1741d; chapter-023-protection-of-citizens-abroad.md
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**(a) In general** The President may impose the sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any foreign person the President determines, based on credible evidence—
(1) is responsible for or is complicit in, or responsible for ordering, controlling, or otherwise directing, the hostage-taking of a United States national abroad or the unlawful or wrongful detention of a United States national abroad; or
(2) knowingly provides financial, material, or technological support for, or goods or services in support of, an activity described in paragraph (1).
**(b) Sanctions described** The sanctions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) **Ineligibility for visas, admission, or parole**
(A) *Visas, admission, or parole* — An alien described in subsection (a) may be—
(i) inadmissible to the United States;
(ii) ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States; and
(iii) otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act ([8 U.S.C. 1101](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1101&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.).
(B) *Current visas revoked*
(i) *In general* — An alien described in subsection (a) may be subject to revocation of any visa or other entry documentation regardless of when the visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(ii) *Immediate effect* — A revocation under clause (i) may—
(I) take effect immediately; and
(II) cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the alien’s possession.
(2) **Blocking of property**
(A) *In general* — The President may exercise all of the powers granted to the President under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.), to the extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in property and interests in property of a foreign person described in subsection (a) if such property and interests in property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(B) *Inapplicability of national emergency requirement* — The requirements of section 202 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1701](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim)) shall not apply for purposes of this section.
**(c) Exceptions**
(1) **Exception for intelligence activities** — Sanctions under this section shall not apply to any activity subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National Security Act of 1947 ([50 U.S.C. 3091](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section3091&num=0&edition=prelim) et seq.) or any authorized intelligence activities of the United States.
(2) **Exception to comply with international obligations and for law enforcement activities** — Sanctions under subsection (b)(1) shall not apply with respect to an alien if admitting or paroling the alien into the United States is necessary—
(A) to permit the United States to comply with the Agreement regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at Lake Success June 26, 1947, and entered into force November 21, 1947, between the United Nations and the United States, or other applicable international obligations; or
(B) to carry out or assist law enforcement activity in the United States.
**(d) Penalties** A person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a violation of subsection (b)(2) or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry out that subsection shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1705](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1705&num=0&edition=prelim)) to the same extent as a person that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
**(e) Termination of sanctions** The President may terminate the application of sanctions under this section with respect to a person if the President determines that—
(1) information exists that the person did not engage in the activity for which sanctions were imposed;
(2) the person has been prosecuted appropriately for the activity for which sanctions were imposed;
(3) the person has credibly demonstrated a significant change in behavior, has paid an appropriate consequence for the activity for which sanctions were imposed, and has credibly committed to not engage in an activity described in subsection (a) in the future; or
(4) the termination of the sanctions is in the national security interests of the United States.
**(f) Reporting requirement** If the President terminates sanctions pursuant to subsection (d),11 So in original. Probably should be “subsection (e),”. the President shall report to the appropriate congressional committees a written justification for such termination within 15 days.
**(g) Implementation of regulatory authority** The President may exercise all authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act ([50 U.S.C. 1702](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) and 1704) to carry out this section.
**(h) Exception relating to importation of goods**
(1) **In general** — The authorities and requirements to impose sanctions authorized under this subchapter shall not include the authority or a requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(2) **Good defined** — In this paragraph, the term “good” means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply or manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding technical data.
**(i) Definitions** In this section:
(1) **Foreign person** — The term “foreign person” means—
(A) any citizen or national of a foreign country (including any such individual who is also a citizen or national of the United States); or
(B) any entity not organized solely under the laws of the United States or existing solely in the United States.
(2) **United States person** — The term “United States person” means—
(A) an individual who is a United States citizen or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the United States;
(B) an entity organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including a foreign branch of such an entity; or
(C) any person in the United States.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** Any authority granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may be exercised to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, to the national security, foreign policy, or economy of the United States, if the President declares a national emergency with respect to such threat.
**(b)** The authorities granted to the President by [section 1702 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1702&num=0&edition=prelim) may only be exercised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary threat with respect to which a national emergency has been declared for purposes of this chapter and may not be exercised for any other purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal with any new threat shall be based on a new declaration of national emergency which must be with respect to such threat.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a)** As used in this chapter—
(1) The term “administrator” means the official designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to [section 1104(b) of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1104/b&num=0&edition=prelim).
(2) The term “advocates” includes, but is not limited to, advises, recommends, furthers by overt act, and admits belief in.
(3) The term “alien” means any person not a citizen or national of the United States.
(4) The term “application for admission” has reference to the application for admission into the United States and not to the application for the issuance of an immigrant or nonimmigrant visa.
(5) The term “Attorney General” means the Attorney General of the United States.
(6) The term “border crossing identification card” means a document of identity bearing that designation issued to an alien who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence, or to an alien who is a resident in foreign contiguous territory, by a consular officer or an immigration officer for the purpose of crossing over the borders between the United States and foreign contiguous territory in accordance with such conditions for its issuance and use as may be prescribed by regulations. Such regulations shall provide that (A) each such document include a biometric identifier (such as the fingerprint or handprint of the alien) that is machine readable and (B) an alien presenting a border crossing identification card is not permitted to cross over the border into the United States unless the biometric identifier contained on the card matches the appropriate biometric characteristic of the alien.
(7) The term “clerk of court” means a clerk of a naturalization court.
(8) The terms “Commissioner” and “Deputy Commissioner” mean the Co
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 8 U.S.C. § 1101
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) In general**
(1) At the times and to the extent specified in [section 1701 of this title](https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title50-section1701&num=0&edition=prelim), the President may, under such regulations as he may prescribe, by means of instructions, licenses, or otherwise—
(A) investigate, regulate, or prohibit—
(i) any transactions in foreign exchange,
(ii) transfers of credit or payments between, by, through, or to any banking institution, to the extent that such transfers or payments involve any interest of any foreign country or a national thereof,
(iii) the importing or exporting of currency or securities,
by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States;
(B) investigate, block during the pendency of an investigation, regulate, direct and compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit, any acquisition, holding, withholding, use, transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation or exportation of, or dealing in, or exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to, or transactions involving, any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; and.11 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
(C) when the United States is engaged in armed hostilities or has been attacked by a foreign country or foreign nationals, confiscate any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, of any foreign person, foreign organization, or foreign country that he determines has planned, authorized, aided, or engaged in such hostilities or attacks against the United States; and all right, title, and interest in any prop
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 1702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
**(a) Unlawful acts** It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, attempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a violation of any license, order, regulation, or prohibition issued under this chapter.
**(b) Civil penalty** A civil penalty may be imposed on any person who commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) in an amount not to exceed the greater of—
(1) $250,000; or
(2) an amount that is twice the amount of the transaction that is the basis of the violation with respect to which the penalty is imposed.
**(c) Criminal penalty** A person who willfully commits, willfully attempts to commit, or willfully conspires to commit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an unlawful act described in subsection (a) shall, upon conviction, be fined not more than $1,000,000, or if a natural person, may be imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
**(d) Statute of limitations**
(1) **Time for commencing proceedings**
(A) *In general* — An action, suit, or proceeding for the enforcement of any civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture, pecuniary or otherwise, under this section shall not be entertained unless commenced within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the civil fine, penalty, or forfeiture is based.
(B) *Commencement* — For purposes of this paragraph, the commencement of an action, suit, or proceeding includes the issuance of a pre-penalty notice or finding of violation.
(2) **Time for indictment** — No person shall be prosecuted, tried, or punished for any offense under subsection (c) unless the indictment is found or the information is instituted within 10 years after the latest date of the violation upon which the indictment or information is based.
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions and purposes of this chapter (other than the provisions and purposes of sections 3023, 3025, 3035, 3038 of this title and subchapters III, IV, and V).
Source: Supplied U.S. Code snapshot — release unconfirmed · 50 U.S.C. § 3091
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 451
TITLE 22—FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE
§ 1741d
States nationals being held hostage or unlaw-
fully or wrongfully detained abroad and meas-
ures being taken to effect safe recoveries;
(4) coordinate the provision of policy guid-
ance to the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell, in-
cluding reviewing recovery options proposed
by the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell and
working to resolve disputes within the Hos-
tage Recovery Fusion Cell;
(5) as appropriate, direct the use of resources
at the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell to coordi-
nate or assist in the safe recovery of United
States nationals unlawfully or wrongfully de-
tained abroad; and
(6) as appropriate, direct the use of resources
at the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell to coordi-
nate the United States Government response
to other hostage-takings occurring abroad in
which the United States has a national inter-
est.
(d) Meetings
The Hostage Response Group shall meet regu-
larly.
(e) Reporting
The Hostage Response Group shall regularly
provide recommendations on hostage recovery
options and strategies to the National Security
Council.
(Pub. L. 116–260, div. FF, title III, § 305, Dec. 27,
2020, 134 Stat. 3095.)
§ 1741c–1. Report on strategies for reducing like-
lihood of United States nationals being un-
lawfully or wrongfully detained or taken hos-
tage
Not later than 60 days after December 23, 2024,
the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Af-
fairs, in coordination with the Hostage Recovery
Fusion Cell, the Hostage Response Group, and
relevant agencies, as appropriate, shall submit
to the President and Congress a classified report
that identifies and recommends options and
strategies to reduce the likelihood of United
States nationals being unlawfully or wrongfully
detained abroad or
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 22 U.S.C. § 1741d
Stored review status: historical_2024_not_currentness_verified. Same stored citation; legal effect and authority still require review.
Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 151
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1701
CHAPTER 35—INTERNATIONAL EMERGENCY
ECONOMIC POWERS
Sec.
1701.
Unusual and extraordinary threat; declara-
tion of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities.
1702.
Presidential authorities.
1703.
Consultation and reports.
1704.
Authority to issue regulations.
1705.
Penalties.
1706.
Savings provisions.
1707.
Multinational economic embargoes against
governments in armed conflict with the
United States.
1708.
Actions to address economic or industrial es-
pionage in cyberspace.
1709.
Imposition of sanctions with respect to theft
of trade secrets of United States persons.
1710.
Confronting asymmetric and malicious cyber
activities.
§ 1701. Unusual and extraordinary threat; dec-
laration of national emergency; exercise of
Presidential authorities
(a) Any authority granted to the President by
section 1702 of this title may be exercised to deal
with any unusual and extraordinary threat,
which has its source in whole or substantial part
outside the United States, to the national secu-
rity, foreign policy, or economy of the United
States, if the President declares a national
emergency with respect to such threat.
(b) The authorities granted to the President
by section 1702 of this title may only be exer-
cised to deal with an unusual and extraordinary
threat with respect to which a national emer-
gency has been declared for purposes of this
chapter and may not be exercised for any other
purpose. Any exercise of such authorities to deal
with any new threat shall be based on a new dec-
laration of national emergency which must be
with respect to such threat.
(Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 202, Dec. 28, 1977, 91
Stat. 1626.)
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
SHORT TITLE
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1701
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 224
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1702
1 So in original. The period probably should not appear.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 24, 2008, 73 F.R. 36255.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 22, 2007, 72 F.R. 34981.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 22, 2006, 71 F.R. 36183.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 23, 2005, 70 F.R. 36803.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 24, 2004, 69 F.R. 36005.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 20, 2003, 68 F.R. 37389.
Notice of President of the United States, dated
June 21, 2002, 67 F.R. 42703.
Ex. Ord. No. 13304, May 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 32315.
Ex. Ord. No. 14033, June 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 31079.
YEMEN
Ex. Ord. No. 13611, May 16, 2012, 77 F.R. 29533.
Continuations of national emergency declared by
Ex. Ord. No. 13611 were contained in the following:
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
14, 2024, 89 F.R. 42765.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
11, 2023, 88 F.R. 31141.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
9, 2022, 87 F.R. 29023.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
11, 2021, 86 F.R. 26341.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
7, 2020, 85 F.R. 27643.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
13, 2019, 84 F.R. 22047.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
14, 2018, 83 F.R. 22585.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
8, 2017, 82 F.R. 21905.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
12, 2016, 81 F.R. 30155.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
13, 2015, 80 F.R. 27851.
Notice of President of the United States, dated May
12, 2014, 79 F.R. 27477.
Notice of
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1702
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 227
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 1706
Editorial Notes
REFERENCES IN TEXT
The National Emergencies Act, referred to in subsec.
(d), is Pub. L. 94–412, Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255. Title
IV of the National Emergencies Act enacted subchapter
IV (§ 1641) of chapter 34 of this title. For complete clas-
sification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note
set out under section 1601 of this title and Tables.
§ 1704. Authority to issue regulations
The President may issue such regulations, in-
cluding regulations prescribing definitions, as
may be necessary for the exercise of the authori-
ties granted by this chapter.
(Pub. L. 95–223, title II, § 205, Dec. 28, 1977, 91
Stat. 1628.)
§ 1705. Penalties
(a) Unlawful acts
It shall be unlawful for a person to violate, at-
tempt to violate, conspire to violate, or cause a
violation of any license, order, regulation, or
prohibition issued under this chapter.
(b) Civil penalty
A civil penalty may be imposed on any person
who commits an unlawful act described in sub-
section (a) in an amount not to exceed the
greater of—
(1) $250,000; or
(2) an amount that is twice the amount of
the transaction that is the basis of the viola-
tion with respect to which the penalty is im-
posed.
(c) Criminal penalty
A person who willfully commits, willfully at-
tempts to commit, or willfully conspires to com-
mit, or aids or abets in the commission of, an
unlawful act described in subsection (a) shall,
upon conviction, be fined not more than
$1,000,000, or if a natural person, may be impris-
oned for not more than 20 years, or both.
(d) Statute of limitations
(1) Time for commencing proceedings
(A) In general
An action, suit, or proceeding for the en-
forcement of any civil fine, penalty, or for-
feiture, p
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 1705
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Federal law — U.S. Code and appendices · legal_authorities
Page 665
TITLE 50—WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
§ 3091
mained a part of it or whether all other traces of the
title were eliminated completely so that section 411
was effectively absorbed into title III. The subsequent
renumbering of section 411 of the Act as section 312 by
Pub. L. 116–92 suggests that this section should be con-
sidered within title III (as shown in the credit above),
although there has been no explicit amendment renum-
bering the title of the Act containing it.
Section was classified to section 3006 of this title
prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 116–92.
Section was formerly classified to section 412 of this
title prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering
as section 3006, and to section 172j of former Title 5
prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5,
Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L.
89–554, § 1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
§ 3079. Insider threat policy compliance and re-
porting
The head of each element of the intelligence
community shall—
(1) implement the policy established in ac-
cordance with section 3024(f)(8) of this title;
and
(2) concurrent with the submission to Con-
gress of budget justification materials in sup-
port of the budget of the President for a fiscal
year that is submitted to Congress under sec-
tion 1105(a) of title 31, submit to Congress a
certification as to whether the element is in
compliance with such policy.
(July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title III, § 313, as added
Pub. L. 117–263, div. F, title LXIII, § 6314(b), Dec.
23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3511.)
SUBCHAPTER III—ACCOUNTABILITY FOR
INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITIES
§ 3091. General congressional oversight provi-
sions
(a) Reports to congressional committees of intel-
ligence activities and anticipated activities
(1) The President sh
Source: Supplied 2024 U.S. Code historical extraction · 50 U.S.C. § 3091
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